Ongole Crossbreed Performance Given Silage of Cattle Rumen
Contens as a Feed Substitute for Grass
Engkus Ainul Yakin*, Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono, Ahimsa Kandi Sariri, & SriAhimsa Kandi Sariri, & Sri& Sri Sukaryani
Agriculture Faculty, Veteran Bangun Nusantara University, Jl. Letjen Sujono Humardani No. 1, Sukoharjo 57521, Indonesia
Telp. +62-0271-593156, fax. +62-0271 591065 *e-mail: gazza_eay@yahoo.com
Abstract
The waste from the slaughterhouse is usually removed in a certain place while it can be used to feed the cattle. The use of rumen content as one of the alternative feed help to farmer to provide the feed easily, conserve the environment and support the development program, particularly in the urban area. The research is aimed at identifying the effect of the cattle rumen content distribution as the subtitute for the grass on the performance of the beef cattle. 12 SimPO oxen aged 1.5 - 2 years were adopted in the research which lasted for 8 weeks (2 months) with the feeding of 3% of the weight based on the dry matter and the drink was given ad libitum. The treatment consisted of subtituting the cattle rument content silage for the grass. The treatment consisted of T0 = giving 100% grass, T1= giving 25% cattle rumen content silage and 75% grass, and T2 = giving 50% cattle rumen content silage and 50% green grass. The ratio of grass to concentrate was 20% : 80%. The variables of the study were the average daily gain and feed conversion. The result indicated that the treatment was not significantly related with the average daily gain and feed conversion. It can be concluded that the substitution in part of the grass with the rumen content silage up to 50% exerted no effect on the average daily gain and feed conversion.
Keywords: beef, cattle rument content, silage
Introducton
amount of the consumed feed eaten. The lack of the feed represents the obstacle n the development process.
The Indonesan season, whch conssts of rany and dry season, was assocated wth the dfference ways n provdng the feed for the cattle. In the rany season, the provson of the feed for the cattle s much easer, whle t s dffcult to fnd the leaves n the dry season f not they are expensve. When t s necessary for the breeder to buy the feed, they had the reduced ncome snce they have to buy the feed.
One of the slaughterhouse waste whch can be used as the cattle feed was the cattle rument content. The use of cattle rumen content from the slaughterhouse has been reported by Messermth (1973) who used the rument content as the matter for raton preparaton up to 15% could yeld the average daly gan, feed consumpton, feed effcency and converson whch was unsgnfcantly dfferent wth the control.
The waste from the slaughterhouse s usually dsposed. It s expected that 24.5 kg rument content or 3.8 kg per cow was produced each day snce t contans 15.5% dry matter (Wtherow dan Lammers, 1976 cted n Utomo et al, 2007). Overall, 46,525,500 kg fresh rumen content was produced from all slaughterhouse n Indo-nesa. The Data on the populaton and the number of slaughterhouse n Indonesa was presented n Table 1.
The use of rumen content as an alternatve feed to fulfll the feed requrement help the feed provson, the envronment conservaton, and support the development program, partcularly n the urban area. One of the ways to remove the bad odor, to prevent the decay (reservaton) and the mantan the nutrtve value s to make t nto slage, that s fermetaton wth the man product s the lactd acd.
The am of the research was to dentfy the effect of slage substtuton of cow rumen content n the grass basal feed on the performance of beef oxen whch were fatten n the fattenng effort, consstng of daly weght ncrease and feed conver-son. The research was closely related wth the use of ndustral waste from the slaughterhouse n order to gan the provtable and effcent outcome. In addton, t was related wth the use of slaughterhouse waste for the alternatve feed cattle replacng the green leaves wthout reducng the qualty and producton of the cattle fattenng.
Table 1. Cattle Populaton and Slaughterhouse n Indonesa (,000 cow)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Populaton 10,504 10,569 10,875 11,515 12,257 Beef cuts 1,733 1,654 1,800 1,886 1,899
Materals and Methods
Location and Time
The research was conducted from August 1st, 2011 to November 1st, 2011. The research took place n Gwangan Slaughterhouse n Yogyakarta and n the fattenng farm n Jarum Vllage, Kayuloko, Sdoharjo dstrct n Wonogr Regency. The test on the feed nutrent content was conducted n the bo-chemstry laboratory of Gadjah Mada Unversty.
Materials
The rumen content. The rument content from the cattle used n ths research was obtaned from Gwangan slaughterhouse n Yogyakarta. The green rumen content was selected snce t was ndcated that the cattle consumed the green feed.
The silage of cattle rument content. Before conductng the slage on the cattle rumen content, the research determned the chemcal composton of the basc matter n conductng the slage, namely the cattle rument content, soft and molases usng proxmate analyss. The preparaton conssted of 64.60% rumen, 35.40% soft, creatng dry matter from the 35% slage, plus 8% molases from the slage raw amatter and noculated by Lactobacillus plantarum 0.1 % from slage matter whch was put n the black vacuum polyethylene (Utomo et al., 2007). The fermentaton took 21 days. The resulted slage was subjected to proxmate analyss to dentfy the chemcal composton of t.
Stall. The research used 12 ndvdual stall. The sze of each stall s 100 x 150 cm2.
the base for the stall was cement whch was then covered wth rubber to prevent the cattle for beng slpped. The wall was made of brck and the roof-tle was used for the celng.
Tabel 2. Nutrent Composton of Feed Materals Makng Up The Raton (% DM)
Kng Grass Rumen content
slage Consentrate
Dry Matter (DM) 21.25 28.90 84.21
Crude Proten (CP) 8.81 12.73 4.41
Crude Fber (CF) 22.60 27.16 25.53
Organc Matter (OM) 85.47 84.81 77.06
TDN 60.44 65.11 53.55
Ash 14.53 15.19 22.94
Equipments. The equpment used n ths research conssted of a set of stall equp-ment, vacum cleaner, black polyethylene bag, plastc rope, Rudweight cattle scale wth the capacty of 1,250 kg wth the senstvty of 1 kg and Goat cattle feed scale wth the capacty of 15 kg and the senstvty of 50 gr and a set of laboratory equp-ment for analyzng the feed.
The ingredient of ration. The ngredents for preparng the raton conssted of kng grass, rument content slage and nutrs ft(R) concentrat. The nutrton composton
was presented n Table 2.
Methods
The research lasted for 13 weeks. The frst three weeks was used to prepare the slage of rument content, 1 week later was used to feed adaptaton and next 8 weeks was used to examne the dstrbuton of rument content slage. The consentrat feed was gven twce a day at 8 n the mornng and at 6 n the afternoon whle the rument content slage was gven n the noon - from 12 to 13 pm. The drnkng water was gven ad libitum whle the research took place.
The Cattle Grouping
The populaton of the research conssted of 12 SmPO oxen. The weght of the cattle ranged from 350 to 400 kg. The cattle was assgned nto three feed treat-350 to 400 kg. The cattle was assgned nto three feed treat-ments.
The Pattern of Feeding
The control feedng conssted of the grass to concentrat : concentrate rato of 20% : 80%. Kng grass was used n ths treatment, whle the concentrat was the same for all treatments- the product of nutrs ft. The feedng pattern n the research conssted of three knds of treatments:
P0 : control (no cattle rument content slage).
T1 : the cattle rument content slage was 25% and the grass 75%. T2 : the cattle rumen content slage was 50% and grass 50%.
The slage of cattle rument content was used to subttute the grass.The fattenng treatment was conducted n 8 weeks (2 months) and prevously the 2-week adaptaton perod was conducted to adapt the cattle to the physcal envronment and the feed. The feed dstrbuted to the cattle was 3% of the weght based on the dry matter, whle the drnk was gven ad lbtum. The scalng was conducted once n a week to dentfy the daly average weght gan n a week, whle the scallng of the feed and the remans was conducted every day durng the research (8 weeks)
.
Data Analysis
daly gan and feed converson. When the sgnfcant values were obtaned, they were then subjected to Duncan multiple range test/DMRT (Chrstensen, 1996).
Results and Dscusson
Average Daily Gain
The followng table lsted the average daly gan for each ox Table 3 also lsted the result from the three treatments. The result of statstcal analyss on the treatment of cattle rument content slage n the beef cattle was not sgnfcantly related wth the average daly gan.
The average daly gan of T1, T2, and T3 were 0.92 ± 0.02, 0.97 ± 0.05, and 0.96 ± 0.03 kg/ox/day, respectvely. There s not sgnfcantly dfferent because nutrent composton of feed materals for all the treatment was not dfferent to.The average daly gan resulted n ths research was dfferent wth that of Yudhanto (2008) who conducted research on the Ongole cattle. The average daly gan for Nutrent composton of feed materals makng up the raton and SmPO cattle were 0.58 and 1.05 kg/ox/day, respectvely.
The average daly gan was also subjected to covaran analyss for dentfyng the effect of ntal weght on the ADG. The covaran analyss on the ntal average daly gan ndcated that Fcount < Ftable, meanng that t was not significant. It s clear that the substtuton of some green plants wth cattle rument content slage exerted no sgnfcant effect on the average daly gan.
Types of feed, consumpton and composton of chemcal composton nflu-enced the growth, proten consumpton and energy whch produced the more rapd pace of growth (Soeparno, 2005). It s clear that the factor affectng the growth and the development of the cattle ncluded the feed, sex, hormon, age, envronment and clmate.
Accordng to Tllman et al. (1998) the weght gan takes place when the con-sumed feed s beyond the requrement for lvng. If the man need s fulflled, the excessve nutrton was then stored as the flesh and fat tssues (Cullson, 1970).
Table 3. Average Daly Gan (kg/ox/day)
Treatment
T0 T1 T2
1 0.96 0.94 0.96
2 0.92 1.05 1.00
3 0.91 0.96 0.91
4 0.91 0.92 0.98
Feed Conversion
The data of daly average feed converson per ox from the three treatments s presented n Table 4. The statstcal analyss on the treatment of cattle rument content slage se among the beef cattle nsgnfcantly affected the feed converson. The average feed conversons of T1, T2, and T3 were 14.30 ± 0.69, 14.16 ± 1.46 and 13.45 ± 0.70, respectvely. There was no dfference n the dry matter consumpton and average dly gan among the three treatments and thus, there was no dfference n the feed converson among the three treatments.
The resulted feed converson n ths research was slghtly hgher than that of Ngadyono’s (1995) stud on the PFH oxen wth the raton of concentrat and kng grass was (70 : 30), resultng the converson value of 10.8 kg/ox/day and that of Suwgnyo’s (2003) research on ACC oxen wth the fermented rce straw and con-centrate wth the resulted feed converson of 9.6-11.4 kg/ox/day.
The lower value of feed converson, accordng to Tllman et al. (1998) means the more effcent the consumpton of the feed. Accordng to Campbell dan Lasley (1985), the feed converson was affected by the cattle’s ablty to dgest the feed, the adequacy of the feed for mantanng the lvng requrement, the growth and other body functon as well as the type of consumed feed. Accordng to Pond et al. (2005) nutrent was drectly related wth the growth rate and the body composton durng the development. The energy was used to fulfll the requrement for mantanng, proten development and fat deposton.
Concluson
It can be concluded that the substtuton n part of the grass wth the rumen content slage up to 50% exerted no effect on the average daly gan and feed converson.
Table 4. Feed Converson
Treatments
P0 T1 T2
1 13.55 15.35 13.30
2 14.00 13.55 13.20
3 15.28 14.31 14.29
4 14.39 13.44 13.01
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