SYN
bUmar
ABSTR
Bismuth were sy synthes 6 hours diffract of Nd c like stru orientat
1.0 INT
ferroele memory in Bi4T Howeve axis [4] diffract the con single c obtain h
prepare tempera metal-o which c and fue employ requires Bi3+ ion as diele
2.0 EXP
Bi4-xNd combus Nd(NO hot plat was di tempera
4th C Natio 27th-2
NTHESIS A
r Al-Amani
Univ
RACT
h neodymiu ynthesized v sized powde
s. The form ion (XRD). content in B ucture. Add tion.
TRODUCT
Aurivillius ectric prope y devices ap
i3O12 has b er, those ra ]. In a-axis ion peak of ductivity in crystal of B high conduc In this stud e BNdT. T ature synth oxide-based
can be descr el, which p y fuel agent s a simple s ns in Bi4Ti3 ectric proper
PERIMEN
dxTi3O12 (B stion. Bismu O3)3.6H2O w te and stirre ssolved in ature and st
Colloquium on P onal Postgradua 28th January 20
AND DIEL SOL
*, Ahmad E
School of versiti Sain
um titanate via solution ers were cal mation of pu
. It was fou BNdT, and a ditionally, th
TION
material of erties [1]. B
pplication [ een extensi are-earths ad
s-oriented, f c-axis-orie n the a-direc Bi4Ti3O12. T
ctivity henc dy, a solutio This method
esis (SHS) ceramic p ribed as self produce hea
ts such as setup, and h
3O12 and the rties.
NTAL PRO
BNdT) whe uth nitrate p were initially
ed for abou a homoge tirred for 3
Postgraduate Re ate Colloquium o
10
ECTRIC P LUTION C
Ehsan, Srim
f Material a s Malaysia,
, BNdT (B n combustio lcined at 80 ure phase a und that the at the same t he dielectric
f bismuth-b Bismuth tit
2]. The sub ively perfor dded in Bi4 the diffract ented corres ction is appr Therefore, h
e it can imp on combusti d was dev combined powder. Gen
f-generated at, light, an citric acid, as high repr e peak char
OCEDURE
re x = 0.2 penthahydra y dissolved ut 30 min. S eneous solu 0 min. The
esearch on Materials, M
1 PROPERT COMBUST
mala Sreekan Abd. Raz and Mineral , 14300, Nib
i4-xNdxTi3O on synthesi 00°C for 3 h and c-axis-o orientation time the gra c properties
based has b tanate, Bi4T bstitution of rmed to imp
Ti3O12 exhi tion peak i sponds to (0
roximately highly a-axi prove the di ion synthes veloped fro with wet nerally, thr d combustion
nd ash [6]. , urea, or g roducibility racteristic a
2, 0.4, 0.6, ate, Bi(NO3) d in 2-Meth Separately, t ution of 2 e Ti solution
inerals and Poly
IES OF Bi4
ION SYNT
ntan, Ahma zak
l Resources bong Tebal,
O12 where x is for ferroe hour and sub oriented BN n degree of
ain morphol of BNdT a
een widely Ti3O12 is a f rare-earth prove the fe ibits differe is indexed 0 0 6). Acco
30 times hi s crystal or electric pro sis was selec om the con chemical te ree factors
n. These fac The fuel-fr glycine. Th y. In this wo nd grain m
, 0.8 and )3.5H2O and haoxyethano titanium (IV 2-ME and
n was then
ymers 2010 (MA
4-xNdxTi3O
THESIS
d Fauzi Mo
Engineerin , Penang, M
x=0.2, 0.4, electric mem bsequently, NdT were c c-axis incre logy grows are greatly i
y studied du good cand such as La3 erroelectrici ent axis-orie
(1 1 7). O ording to F igher than in rientation is operties.
cted as an a ncepts of s echniques i influence t ctors are the ree combus he process ork, Nd3+ wi orphology w
1 were syn d neodymiu ol, CH3OCH V) isopropo
acetylaceto poured int
AMIP 2010)
O12 OBTAIN
ohd Noor, K
ng, Malaysia.
0.6, 0.8, 1. mory devic sintered at characterize
eases with t from rod-li influenced b
ue to its out didate for f
3+
, Pr3+, Sm ity in such d ented i.e. a-On the other ouskova an n the c-dire s preferable
alternative a self-propag in order to the generat e oxidizer, t stion metho is relativel ill be used t will be stud
nthesized v um nitrate h H2CH2OH oxide, Ti[OC one, C5H8O to the Bi so
NED BY
Khairunisak
0) powders ces. The as-1100oC for ed by X-ray the increase ike to plate-by the grain
tstanding in ferroelectric m3+ and Nd3+ devices [3] -axis and
c-r hand, the nd Cross [5] ection in the in order to
approach to ating high-o synthesize tion of fire
temperature od does not ly low-cost
to substitute died as well
via solution hexahydrate, at 40oC on CH(CH3)2]4 O2 at room olution with s -r y e -n
n c +
. -e
] e o
o -e
, e,
t , e l
continu reach at rapidly, liberate consiste and pre 6 hours 55VP P the mic measure
3.0 RES
Fig. 1a 3 hours diffract 1100oC (Fig. 1b orientat 1.0BNd and 00 orientat
where I
Fig. 1:
4th C Natio 27th-2
uous stirring t ~130oC to , and when ed and a dar
ently repeat essed to form s. Their pha PGT/HKL F
crostructure ed by Hewl
SULT AND
shows the X s in air. Alm
ion data of C for 6 hours
b). On the tion decreas dT show the 14) increas tion (f) was
I006 and I117
: Compilatio
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Colloquium on P onal Postgradua 28th January 20
g at 40oC for o form a stic it reached rk fluffy po ted for othe m pellets wi ase formatio Field Emiss e and morp lett Packard
D DISCUSS
XRD patter most all of t Bi4Ti3O12 ( s, strong c-a
other hand se with incr e preferred c ses with Nd evaluated a
are 006 and
on of XRD and sinte
Postgraduate Re ate Colloquium o
10
r another 2 cky gel. Wi
to ~200oC, wder was p er Nd conte ith diameter on was dete
ion Scannin phology of d, 4291B im
SION
rn of BIT an the diffracti (JCPDS 01-axis-orienta d, the refle easing of N c-orientatio d content. according to
d 117 peak i
patterns for ered at (a) 8
esearch on Materials, M
2
h. After tha ithin a few , large amo produced af ent. Those p
r of 13mm. ermined by ng Electron BNdT sint mpedance an
nd BNdT w ion peaks ar -089-7500). ation reflect ection peak Nd addition.
on, and the i Simplified o the follow
intensities.
r BNdT (x= 800oC and (
(a)
inerals and Poly
at, the tempe seconds, th ount of gase fter the com powders we
The pellets XRD (Bruk n Microscop tered pellet nalyser.
with various re indexed . When the tion peaks d k of (117) w
It demonst intensity of
approxima wing equatio
=0.2, 0.4, 0.6 b) 1100oC,
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
ymers 2010 (MA
erature of h he temperatu
es (NH3, H2 mbustion pro ere calcined s were then ker D8 Adv pe (FE-SEM
s. The diel
Nd content according t sintering te dominate X which corr rates that 0 f 00l reflecti
ation of the on [7]:
6, 0.8, and 1 respectively
AMIP 2010)
hot plate was ure was the 2, CO2 and ocess. The p d at 800oC
sintered at vanced). A Z M) was used
lectric prop
t calcined a to the stand emperature i -ray diffrac responds to
.6BNdT, 0. ions (i.e. 00 e Lotgering
1.0) powder y
s then set to en increased H2O) were process was for 3 hours 1100oC for Zeiss Supra d to observe perties were
at 800°C for dard powder increases to ction pattern off-c-axis-8BNdT and 04, 006, 008 g degree of
rs calcined (b)
o d e s s r a e e
The ori and 79. Nd con orientat
rod-like 0.6BNd corresp the grai other ha consiste
Fig. 2:
constan dielectr the corr better d that bet subsequ c-axis th
(c
4th C Natio 27th-2
entation deg 4%, respec ntent which
tion closely Fig. 2 show e grains are dT, 0.8BNd
ond to off-c ins are rod-and, more p ent with tha
FESEM imag
Fig. 3a an nt and dielec
ric propertie relation bet dielectric pro
tter dielectr uent Nd con han c-axis. c)
Colloquium on P onal Postgradua 28th January 20
grees (f) of tively, sugg h agrees w
relates to th ws the grain
e found in dT and 1.0B c-axis-orien
like while o plate-like gr at observed u
ges of Bi4-xNdx
nd b illustra ctric loss at es also varie
tween the d operties are ric constant ntent. In oth
(a)
Postgraduate Re ate Colloquium o
10
f 0.6BNdT, gesting that
ith XRD i he anisotrop n morpholo
0.2BNdT BNdT. Acco nted and c-a
only a few o rains are ob
using XRD
xTi3012 pellets (e) x=
ate the Nd t frequency
es with the dielectric pr e obtained w
t was obtai her words, t (d)
esearch on Materials, M
3
0.8BNdT a the degree n Fig. 1b. pic growth o gy of BNdT and 0.4BN ording to Y axis-oriented
of them are bserved in F
.
s microstructu =1.0 sintered a
content in of 1MHz a
Nd content roperties an with lesser p ined with 0 the dielectri (
inerals and Poly
and 1.0BNd of orientat It is belie of Bi4Ti3O1 T sintered p NdT wherea Yu et al. rod
d, respective e plate-like a Fig. 2c, d, an
ure with (a) x= at 1100°C.
n BNdT m and electric t in BNdT. nd the grain plate-like gr 0.2Nd and
ic constant (b)
ymers 2010 (MA
T are estim tion increas eved that th
2 grain. pellets capt as the plate d-like grain ely [4]. It ca as shown in nd e. It is ev
=0.2, (b) x=0.4
aterials dep field at 500
Combined n orientatio rain. Appar
0.4Nd and of BNdT is
(e)
AMIP 2010)
mated to be 5 es with the he develop
tured by FE e-like grains ns and plate
an be seen t n Fig. 2a an vident that
4, (c) x=0.6, (d
pendence o 0mV, respec
with the X on is very c rently, our r
slightly de s much bett
57.3%, 72.5 increase of pment of
c-E-SEM. The s appear in e-like grains that most of nd b. On the the result is
d) x=0.8 and
of dielectric ctively. The XRD results, clear that is results show ecrease at a ter with
off-5% f
-e n s f e s
-
Die
lec
tric
c
o
nstan
t
Fig.
4.0 CO
BNdT ( combus increase plate-lik dielectr
5.0 AC
The aut Resourc 305/Pba
6.0 REF
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7.
4th C Natio 27th-2
0.2 0.3 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
3: Dielectri
ONCLUSIO
(Bi4-xNdxTi3 stion metho
e of Nd co ke. It was a ric propertie
KNOWLE
thors apprec ces Enginee ahan/60133
FERENCE
B. Aurivilli M. Chen, Z 130 (2004) X. Hu, A. G J. Yu, B. Y 41 (2008). A. Fauskov K.C. Patil,
Materials
Publishing N. Zhong a (a) (a)
Colloquium on P onal Postgradua 28th January 20
Nd con
0.4 0.5 0.6
ic propertie 500mV:
ON
3O12 where d. X-ray di ntent, acco also found th es.
EDGMENT
ciate the tec ering, USM 57 and the
E
ius, Arkiv K Z.L. Liu, Y. 735–739. Garg, Z.H. B Yang, J. Li, X
va and L.E. M.S. Hed
Combustio
Co. Pte. Ltd and T. Shios
Postgraduate Re ate Colloquium o
10
ntent
6 0.7 0.8 0
s of BNdT : (a) Dielect
x=0.2, 0.4, ffraction sh mpanying w hat such ori
T
chnical supp . This resea USM Fello
Kemi, 1, 499
Wang, C.C
Barber, Thin X. Liu, C. Z
Cross, J. Ap dge, T. Rat
on Synthes
d., Singapo saki, Materi
esearch on Materials, M
4 0.9 1.0
Die
lec
tric
l
o
ss
0 0 0 0 0 0
measured a tric constan
, 0.6, 0.8, 1. hows that de with the ch ientation an
port provide arch was sup
wship.
9 (1949). C. Wang, X.
n Solid Film
Zheng, Y. W
ppl. Phys. 4
ttan, S.T. A
sis, Proper
re, 2008, pp ials Letters
inerals and Poly
0.2 0.3 0.0000 0.0200 0.0400 0.0600 0.0800 0.1000
at frequency t and (b) Di
.0) were suc egree of c-a hange of gr nd grain mo
ed by the Sc pported by t
S. Yang, K
ms 484 (200
Wu, D. Gua,
41, (1970) 2 Aruna, Che
rties and
p. 42. 61 (2007) 2
(b (b
ymers 2010 (MA
Nd c
3 0.4 0.5 0
y of 1MHz w ielectric los
ccessfully s axis-orienta rain morpho orphology h
chool of Ma the E-scienc
K.L. Yao, So
05) 188 – 19 , D. Zhang,
2834.
emistry of N Application
2935 – 2938 b)
b)
AMIP 2010)
ontent
0.6 0.7 0.8
with electric s
synthesized ation increas ology from has a great in
aterials and M ce Fund
olid State Co
95.
J. Phys. D:
Nanocrysta ns, World
8.
0.9 1.0
c field of
by solution ses with the rod-like to nfluence on
Mineral
ommun.
: Appl. Phys
lline Oxide
d Scientific n e o n
s.
e
