Bijak Dan Cerdas Mengolah Sampah

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INOVASI &

KEWIRAUSAHAAN

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Pengertian Inovasi (1)

 _{Creative destruction (Joseph}_{Creative destruction (Joseph} Schumpeter)

Schumpeter)

 _{Creating value to customers}_{Creating value to customers}

 _{Specific tool of entrepreneur by which}_{Specific tool of entrepreneur by which} they exploit change as an opportunity

they exploit change as an opportunity

(Peter F. Drucker)

(3)

 _{Endowing resources with a new}_{Endowing resources with a new} capacity to create wealth.

capacity to create wealth.



 The penicilin mould was a `pest`, The penicilin mould was a `pest`, not a resource, Alexander Fleming

not a resource, Alexander Fleming

realized that this `pest`, was

exactly the bacterial killer-and the

penicilin mould become a valuable

resources.

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Pengertian Inovasi (3)

 _{Whatever changes the wealth-}_{Whatever changes the}

wealth-producing potential of already existing producing potential of already existing

resources constitutes innovation. resources constitutes innovation.



 The container did not grow out of The container did not grow out of

technology at all, but out of a new technology at all, but out of a new

perception of the `cargo vessel` as a perception of the `cargo vessel` as a

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Pengertian Inovasi (4)

 _{Innovation does not have to be}_{Innovation does not have to be}

technical, does not indeed have to be

a`thing` altogether.

 _{Social innovations : newspaper,}_{Social innovations : newspaper,} insurance, etc.

insurance, etc.

 _{Wherever introduced, it changes the}_{Wherever introduced, it changes the} economy from supply-driven to

economy from supply-driven to

demand-driven.

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DIFUSI INOVASI (1)

 _{There is nothing more difficult to}_{There is nothing more difficult to} plan, more doubtful of success, no

plan, more doubtful of success, no

more dangerous to manage than the

creation of a new order of things…..

(Niccolo Machiavelli)

 _{Getting a new idea adopted, even}_{Getting a new idea adopted, even} when it has abvious advantages, is

when it has abvious advantages, is

often very difficult.

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DIFUSI INOVASI (2)

Diffusion is the process by which

an innovation is communicated

through certain channels over

time among the members of a

social system

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DIFUSI INOVASI (3)

Four main elements in the

diffusion of innovations :

1.

The innovation

2.

Communication channels

3.

Time

4.

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DIFUSI INOVASI (4)

 _{Rate of adoption is the relative}_{Rate of adoption is the relative}

speed with which an innovation is

adopted by members of social

system.

 _{Perceived attributes of innovations :}_{Perceived attributes of innovations :}

1.

1. Relative advantageRelative advantage 2.

2. CompatibilityCompatibility 3.

3. ComplexityComplexity 4.

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PRINCIPLES OF INNOVATION (1)

The Dos The Dos

1.

1. Purposeful, systematic innovation Purposeful, systematic innovation begins with the analysis of the

begins with the analysis of the opportunities.

opportunities. 2.

2. Innovation is both conceptual and Innovation is both conceptual and perceptual.

perceptual.



 Go out to look, to ask, to listenGo out to look, to ask, to listen

3.

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PRINCIPLES OF INNOVATION (2)

4.

Effective innovations start small.



Try to do one specific thing !

5.

A succesful innovation aims at

leadership.

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The Don’ts

1.

1. Not try to be clever.Not try to be clever.

Innovations have to be handled by

ordinary human beings.

2.

2. Don`t diversify, don`t try to do too Don`t diversify, don`t try to do too many things at once.

many things at once.

3.

3. Don`t try to innovate for the future. Don`t try to innovate for the future. Innovate for the present !

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Innovation`s key success

1.

1. Innovation is workInnovation is work

It requires knowledge and often great

ingenuity.

2.

2. To succed, innovators must build on To succed, innovators must build on their strenght.

their strenght.

3.

3. Innovation is an effect in economy and Innovation is an effect in economy and society.

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JENIS INOVASI

 TERDAPAT DUA JENIS INOVASI : RADIKAL DAN TERDAPAT DUA JENIS INOVASI : RADIKAL DAN INCREMENTAL

INCREMENTAL

 _{INOVASI YANG BERSIFAT RADIKAL MENYEBABKAN}_{INOVASI YANG BERSIFAT RADIKAL MENYEBABKAN} PERUBAHAN BESAR DALAM MASYARAKAT

PERUBAHAN BESAR DALAM MASYARAKAT

 _{MENCIPTAKAN INDUSTRI BARU, APLIKASI}_{MENCIPTAKAN INDUSTRI BARU, APLIKASI} TEKNOLOGI BARU UNTUK MENGGANTIKAN

TEKNOLOGI BARU UNTUK MENGGANTIKAN

TEKNOLOGI LAMA ATAU UNTUK PASAR YANG BARU

 _{MEMERLUKAN KOMITMEN ATAS SUMBER DAYA}_{MEMERLUKAN KOMITMEN ATAS SUMBER DAYA} PERUSAHAAN DAN EVALUASI YANG LEBIH

PERUSAHAAN DAN EVALUASI YANG LEBIH

EKSTENSIF

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INOVASI RADIKAL (1)

• EVALUASI INOVASI TELAH DIKEMBANGKAN OLEH Dr. GEORGE EVALUASI INOVASI TELAH DIKEMBANGKAN OLEH Dr. GEORGE R. WHITE,

R. WHITE,

• SUATU INOVASI DILIHAT DARI SUATU INOVASI DILIHAT DARI POTENSI TEKNOLOGI DAN POTENSI TEKNOLOGI DAN KEUNTUNGAN

KEUNTUNGAN BISNISBISNIS INVENTIVE MERIT

Technological constraint lifted Technological constraint added EMBODIMENT MERIT

Further incremental enhancements Dilution of innovative concept

OPERATIONAL MERIT Business practices simplified Business practices complicated

POTENSI TEKNOLOGI

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INOVASI RADIKAL(2)

INOVASI RADIKAL(2)

• FRAMEWORK KONSEPTUAL DARI WHITE UNTUK FRAMEWORK KONSEPTUAL DARI WHITE UNTUK PERSONAL PERSONAL TRANSISTOR RADIO DAN BOEING 707/DC 8

TRANSISTOR RADIO DAN BOEING 707/DC 8

TRANSISTOR RADIOS

TRANSISTOR RADIOS BOEING 707/DC 8BOEING 707/DC 8

INVENTIVE

MERIT

MERIT SOLID STATE VS VACUUM TUBE AMPLIFICATIONSOLID STATE VS VACUUM TUBE AMPLIFICATION

ELIMINATION OF HT POWER SOURCE

INCREASED RELIABILITY AND BATTERY LIFE

REDUCTION IN WEIGHT AND SIZE

INCREASED INITIAL COST, BUT CHEAPER

LATER

GAS TURBINE VS PISTON

ENGINE

INCREASED POWER AND

SPEED SPEED INCREASED RELIABILITY INCREASED RELIABILITY LONGER RUN-WAYS LONGER RUN-WAYS REQUIRED REQUIRED EMBODIMENT EMBODIMENT MERIT

MERIT FERRILE ROD ANTENNASSMALLER LOUDSPEAKERS AND TUNING FERRILE ROD ANTENNASSMALLER LOUDSPEAKERS AND TUNING

CAPACITORS

POWER SIGNAL SELECTIVITY, TUNING

PRESCISION

AND AUDIO QUALITY

SWEPT BACK WINGS

DUTCH ROLL PROBLEMS

OPERATIONAL

MERIT

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INOVASI INKREMENTAL

• WHITE’S APPROACH JUGA DAPAT WHITE’S APPROACH JUGA DAPAT

DIGUNAKAN UNTUK JENIS INOVASI

INI.

• EVALUASI DILAKUKAN BAIK PADA _{EVALUASI DILAKUKAN BAIK PADA}

LEVEL PERUSAHAN MAUPUN LEVEL

FUNGSIONAL

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INOVASI INKREMENTAL (2)

 KONTEKS PASARKONTEKS PASAR

KESUKSESAN KOMERSIAL INOVASI

TERGANTUNG PADA PENJUALAN PRODUK

SATU PERTANYAAN YANG HARUS DIJAWAB :

“

“WHO IS GOING TO BUY THE PRODUCT, AND WHO IS GOING TO BUY THE PRODUCT, AND WHY?”

WHY?”



 INOVASI SERING KALI GAGAL KARENA GAGAL INOVASI SERING KALI GAGAL KARENA GAGAL

UNTUK BERTANYA ATAU GAGAL UNTUK MENJAWAB

PERTANYAAN DI ATAS.

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INOVASI INKREMENTAL (4)

INOVASI INKREMENTAL (4)

 KONTEKS PENGEMBANGAN TEKNISKONTEKS PENGEMBANGAN TEKNIS

• FASE PENGEMBANGAN TERKAIT DENGAN _{FASE PENGEMBANGAN TERKAIT DENGAN}

PENGURANGAN KETIDAKPASTIAN TEKNIS

PENGURANGAN KETIDAKPASTIAN TEKNIS DAN DAN PENENTUAN KELAYAKAN TEKNIS PRODUK

PENENTUAN KELAYAKAN TEKNIS PRODUK PADA PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT PERFORMANSI

BERBAGAI TINGKAT PERFORMANSI

• ESTIMASI PERFORMANCE TEKNIS, RENTANG WAKTU _{ESTIMASI PERFORMANCE TEKNIS, RENTANG WAKTU}

PENGEMBANGAN , DAN BIAYA MERUPAKAN

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG PERLU DIPERTIMBANGKAN DENGAN

FAKTOR YANG PERLU DIPERTIMBANGKAN DENGAN

CERMAT.

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INOVASI INKREMENTAL (5)

 KONTEKS MANUFAKTURINGKONTEKS MANUFAKTURING

• INOVASI INKREMENTAL SERINGKALI TIDAK _{INOVASI INKREMENTAL SERINGKALI TIDAK}

MEMERLUKAN PERUBAHAN YANG RADIKAL DARI

METODA MANUFAKTURING SAAT INI.

• PERLU DIPERHITUNGKAN ‘ECONOMIES OF SCALE’ _{PERLU DIPERHITUNGKAN ‘ECONOMIES OF SCALE’}

DAN ‘LEARNING CURVE SAVINGS’

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INOVASI INKREMENTAL (6)

 KONTEKS DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN DAN KONTEKS DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN DAN PERATURAN

PERATURAN

• PROSES PENGEMBANGAN MEMERLUKAN _{PROSES PENGEMBANGAN MEMERLUKAN}

PERTIMBANGAN YANG BAIK AGAR DAPAT

MENGANTISIPASI PERATURAN PEMERINTAH YANG

TERKAIT.

• SELANJUTNYA, SEBAGAI TINDAKAN ANTISIPASI _{SELANJUTNYA, SEBAGAI TINDAKAN ANTISIPASI}

TERHADAP DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN MAKA SETIAP

PROSEDUR EVALUASI PROYEK HARUS MEMASUKKAN

PENILAIAN YANG MEMADAI ATAS DAMPAK

LINGKUNGAN DARI INOVASI YANG DIUSULKAN, DAN

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INOVASI & TECHNOPRENEUR

P e n g e ta h u a n t e k n o lo g

i fundamental Penelitian yg tidak terkait secara langsung Penelitian yg dpt diaplikasikan scr langsung Pengembangan Awal Pengembangan kedua Rancangan Teknik Pengembangan ketiga dan “Pilot Design”/ produksi prototipe Produksi penuh Pemasaran P e n g e ta h u a n p a s a r

Kehandalan teknis dan Kontrol kualitas

Pelayanan purna jual

Paten dan lisensi

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