In Vitro
Digestibility of Lampoyangan Grass (
Panicum
sarmentosum Roxb
) in Form of Hay and Silage
Fatmawati
Animal Science Department, Agricultural Faculty, Tadulako University Kampus Bumi Tadulako Tondo Jl.Soekarno-Hatta Km 9, Palu
Central Sulawesi, Indonesia E-mail: watysaloko@yahoo.com
Abtract
The study aim was to determine in vitro digestibility of silage and hay of Lampoyangan grass (Panicum sarmentosum Roxb) which were fermented and dried in defference of length.This wild grass live in Tondo Panicum sarmentosum Roxb Grasses made in silage and hay forms were obtained from the wild grasses that lived in Tondo Village, District of Eastern Palu, Palu Municipal. In this study the grass was made as silage and hay forms as a treatment followed 2 x 3 factorial pattern of Completely Randomized Design the length of fermentation for silage was 30, 45 and 60 days and the length of drying for hay was 2, 4 and 6 days. Observed variables were in vitro dry matter (DMD) and organic matter (OMD) digestibilities of Lampoyangan grass both silage and hay treatments. The finding results showed that the length of fermentation in silage treatment did not affect DMD and OMD of the grass, but significantly affected DMD and OMD of Lampoyangan grass in hay treatment (P<0,05). Four days of drying was the best time to get the effective time for making hay of Lampoyangan grass. Actually the DM and OM digestibilities of Lampoyangan grass silage treatment were higher than of hay treatment.
Keywords: digestibility, fermentation, hay, Lampoyangan grass, silage.
Introducton
Producton of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass are often surplus than, 145 kg/ha (Tarsono et al., 2009) and the content of crude proten and crude fber were 12.80% and 33.82%. Respectvely for the grass before flowerng (Tarsono and Amar, 2007). Those advantages are usefull antcpatng of the shortage of forage producton n the transton perod of rany to dry season. Overproducton durng the best growth can be utlzed, that s n preserved forms of slage or hay. Factors that may affect the qualty of slage and hay are: plant age, orgn or type of forage, storage temperature, level of wtherng and maturty or cuttng length (Regan, 1997 and Drehus et al., 2001). The best tme to cut the plants for makng slage or hay s n the vegetatve phase, before the formaton of flowers (Reksohadprodjo, 1995, and Regan, 1997). The plant growth phase at the tme of makng slage and hay affects the dgestblty of dry matter and organc matter (Harrson et al., 1994). Saloko (2006) reported that Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass that got the addton of preservatves n the level 22.5% of dry matters and fermented for 30 days resulted n the succeed slage percentage of 94.58%, whle 4–day dryng tme was the best of in vitro dgestbltes n cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as reported by Zubadah (2005). To examne whether a gven feed materal s good enough to support mcrobal growth and enzymatc processes n anmal body, the way that s so long to be consdered as the most convenent, accurate and relatvely quck s through in vitro assays. The assays are carred out outsde the anmal body by usng smulatons that are smlar to processes that occur n the body. Dgestblty studes on Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass that nvolve the fermentaton length n slage process and the dryng length on n hay prosses are stll n the lack of nterest. Therefore, the am of ths research was to obtan an overvew and recommendatons about in vitro dgestbltes of slage and hay of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass wth dfferences of fermentaton and dryng length.
Materals and Methods
Materials
The materal of ths study was Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass obtaned from wld grasses that lved n Tondo vllage, Dstrct of Eastern Palu, Palu Muncpal.
The study was desgned wth a Completely Randomzed Desgn of factoral pattern consstng of two factors (2x3). namely slage and hay wth three levels of slage treatments, namely the length of fermentaton 30, 45 and 60 days respectvelly and the hay treatments were the length of dryng 2, 4 and 6 days, respectvely. The treatments that showed a sgnfcant effects were followed by Duncan test.
Methods
content. The grasses were cut nto peces about 1-2 cm. a peces were then treated n accordance wth the length of fermentaton for slage and the length of dryng for hay. The use of preservatves that have been determned, that was 22, 5% of the dry matters (Saloko, 2006). Samples were taken at random and then dvded nto two groups, that was 50% to be made for slage wth the length of fermentaton 30, 45 and 60 days and 50% to be made for hay wth the length of dryng 2, 4 and 6 days. In makng slage cans were flled and compacted wth a press so that there were no ar cavtes n between, then gven wth the peces of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb
grass. Cans were sealed and gven wth a tape (nsulaton) n order to be artght. Whle, n makng hay three repettons were made for each treatment so that there were 9 cans (slos), so t was wth makng hay, the grass dvded accordng to the number of treatments and then dryng was performed by usng a dryng rack n the sun. After the slage and hay have been made n accordance wth each of treatments then they were contnued by dryng n oven 55oC. After dryng, the sample was
mlled usng a Wley mll wth a seve of 3 mm dameter hole, then followed by n vtro dgestblty test, follow the procedures Tlley and Terry (1963) n (Harrs, 1970).
Observed Variables
The observed varables were in vitro dry matter (DMD), and organc matter dgestbltes (OMD) based on methods that have been developed by Tlley and Terry (1963).
Results and Dscusson
In vitro dry matter dgestblty (DMD) and organc matters of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb n forms of slage and hay. The value of n vtro dry matter dgestbltes (DMD and OMD) of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb made n form
Table 1. Dry matter dgestbltes (DMD) and organc matter dgestbltes (OMD) of
Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass n slage and hay form
Fermentaton Length (days) DMD (%) OMD (%)
30 57.51 + 1.57 56.13 + 0.76
45 57.52 + 1.57 56.14 + 0.76
60 57.38 + 2.07 56.55 + 1.53
Dryng Length (days)
2 54.51 + 1.57 54.15 + 0.76
4 57.21 + 1.57 56.13 + 0.76
showed that the treatment length of enslage and hay process has no sgnfcant effect on DMD and OMD (Table 1).
In vtro dry matter and organc matter dgestbltes of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass n slage forms wth dfferent fermentaton lengths showed nearly same levels of dgestbltes, wth the fermentaton lengths 30, 45 and 60 days, respectvely; for DMD was 57, 51% + 1.57a; 56.52 + 0.76a; 57.38 + 1.57a; and for OMD 56.13 +
0.76a; 56.14 + 2.07a and 56.55 + 1.53a. Ths ndcates that the fermentaton lengths
dd not affect crude fber components ether n fermentatons for 30 days, 45 or 60 days. One of the factors that nfluence dgestblty n both DMD and OMD s components of crude fber, manly cellulose, hemcellulose, and lgnn (Van Soest, 1982). Cellulose, hemcellulose are parts of plants that are dffcult to dgest, whle lgnn s a part of plants that can not be dgested at all (Anggorod, 1984).
The four-day dryng length s was sgnfcantly hgher than the 2-day dryng length, but there s was no sgnfcant dfference wth the 6-day dryng length. Ths s due to the feed materal that has a longer dryng wll be more dffcult to be degraded by rumen mcrobes because the heatng process can protect some protens of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass. The same thng was stated by Abdn and Hendratmo (1983) n Zubadah (2005) that the feed materal that has undergone heatng could protect some protens aganst mcrobal fermentaton n the rumen.
In vitro dry matter and organc matter dgestbltes of Pancum sarmentosum Roxb grass decrease wth the length of dryng, because the longer dryng the harder components of crude fber, among those are ADF, NDF, cellulose, hemcellulose, and lgnn contents those are components of plant cell wall. The plant cell wall components are parts that are dffcult to dgest, even the lgnn component can not be dgested at all.
The length of the longer fermentatons s was unable to mprove both n vtro DMD and OMD. Ths s possble because the used grass to have the same relatve age. One of the factors that nfluence both the level of DMD and OMD s the age of the plant, for whch the older plant the hgher crude fber content, so that both
Based on the values of in vitro organc matter dgestblty (OMD), Panicum sarmentosum Roxb whch wll be utlzed n fresh form or preserved n dry form (hay) should be cut at the age of 40 days, n order to obtan in vitro dgestblty of organc matter s optmal. Just as n vtro dry matter dgestblty (DMD), Pancum sarmentosum Roxb grass made n slage form wth dfferent fermentaton lengths showed no sgnfcant effect on n vtro organc matter dgestblty (OMD), but that were made n hay form showed sgnfcant effect (P <0.05). Smlarly, in vitro
dry matter dgestblty (DMD) of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass as well as
in vitro organc matter dgestblty (OMD) of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass, because the organc matter content was calculated based on the dry matters, then the exstence of 4-day dryng length dryng nfluence on DMD, the same nfluence also occurred on OMD. Determnaton of plant dry matter when burned, then what remans s ash (norganc materal) (Anggorod, 1984; Reksohadprodjo, 1995; and Tllman et al., 1989).
Concluson
1. Panicum sarmentosum Roxb made n slage form, the amount of fermentaton tme showed no sgnfcant effect on in vitro dry matter (DMD) and organc matter dgestbltes (OMD).
2. Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass made n hay form wth dfferent dryng lengths showedsgnfcant effect. Four-day dryng length s the best tme to get the effectve tme for makng hay of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass.
3. DM and OM dgestbltes of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb grass made n slage form are hgher than those n hay form, but they have no statstcally sgnfcant dfferences.
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