Program Effectivenness Analisys of Tourism area Rehabilitation PARANGTRITIS BEACH IN BANTUL REGENCY

(1)

OF TOURISM

AREA

OF PARANGTRITIS BEACH

IN BANTUL

REGENCY

Suranto

I and

Annihayah2

Abstrak: Pe nurunan jumlah wisatawan yang mengunjungi Pantai Parangtitis sejak tahun 2004 membuat pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Bantul mencoba membuat program untuk mengatasi persoalan tersebut- Tujuan dariprogram

tersebut adalah meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan pantai,

melakukan konservasi, mempromosikan investasi, mengembangkan potensi kawasan pantai parangtritis. Tulisan ini berupaya untuk menganalisa tingkat efektifitas program yang dirancang Pemerintah Kabupaten Bantul ini.

Kewords:

Rehabilitation, Bantul Local Goverment,

Parcngtitis

INTRODUCTION

Parangtritis beach tourism area is the main icon of tourism destination in Bantul Regency. The magnitude of the beach that has long been known as famous destina-tion for both domestic and foreign tourist is for its multi-dimension

roles.

ln economic perspective, the area has an important role in contributing to Local Revenue (PAO) of Bantul Regency.

The number of visitors, however, decreases significantly for the last three years. There are some factors, such as Tsunami disaster in Aceh (2004), 5,9 Richter scale of Earthquake disaster (2006\ and tsunami disaster of Pangandaran Beach on July 2006. Besides, the main faclor for the decrease numbers of visitors is the physical con-dition of the beach which is mash and unhealthy. ln relation to this phenomenon, the recent Bantul Regent, HM ldham Samawi, stated that the bacteria

E

coliiwalet pollu-tion has exceeded the upper level. Moreover he said that there were twelve local host-esses who suffered AIDS .(Kedaulatan Rakyat Daily, 17 September 2007).

Based on the empirical phenomenon, Bantul Regency Local Government has conducted the program of Parangtritis Beach Tourism Area Rehabilitation since 2004, which is based on the 12712004 Regent's Decree about Technic€l Plan of Parangtritis Tourism Resort Development. The objectives of the program are: (1) increasing the quality of physical-environment; (2) endorsing environmental conservation as well as resources in the area; (3) promoting investment climate as well as empowering the society; and (4) developing tourism potential of the area.

The research intended to explore the effectiveness of Parangtritis Beach Tourism Area Rehabilitation Program until June 2008. The consideration is its strategic position

I

Suranto is Lecturer

at

the Depadment of Government Studies, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences,

Muhammadiyah UniveGity of Yogyakarta

(2)

Suranlo and Annihayah, Program Efrectiveness Analysrs Of lour:sm Area

....

165

due to the pilot prolect of other south beach rehabilitation. The aims of the research

are: (1)to examine and analysis the effectiveness

of

Parangtritis Beach Tourism Area Rehabilitation

Program.

(2) to explore the determinant factors of the program effec-tiveness.

LITERATURE REVIEW

1.

Tourism Area Development

The concept

of

area rehabilitation has commonly identical with the concept of area development.

lt

is logical due to the wider meaning

of

area development than area rehabilitation. Area development is the govemment's effort to develop a certain region to develop the area (Rustiadi, 2001).

ln relation to tourism concept, tourism area rehabilitation is a specific area

devel-opment to be utilized as tourism activities (Act No. 9

/

'1990 _about_Tourism).

2.

Programlmplementation

Howlelrt dan Ramesh (1995:153) defined program implementation as "the pro-cess whereby

prognms

or policies are carried out: it donates the tnnslation

of

plans

into pnctice".

There are many determinant factors on program implementation. Based on the

theoretical examination on

I

program implementation

theories,

there are four main determinant factors, i.e. resources, environment, disposition and

communication-co-ordination

(van Metter

&

van Horn (1975), Grindle (1980), Edward

lll

(1980), Mazmanian & Paul A. Sabatier (1980), Cheema &

Rondinelli

(1983:28), Hogwood & Lewis Gunn (1984),

Jones

(1996) and

Thompson

(1999),

3.

Effectiveness

Meanwhile the effectiveness conc€pt can be defined as measurement of goals

attainment (Barnard, 1982:117, Anoraga,2000:178 dan Kisdarto,2002:139). Hence,

area rehabilitation program effectiveness program can be stated as the degree of at-tainment of planned objectives.

To measure the effectiveness ofthe program for short period, Gibson et. al (1984)

stated that there are three indicators: (1) productivity, (2) efficiency, and (3) stakehold-ers' satisfaction. These indicatoF will be combined with the formal objectives of the program based on the Bantul Regent's Decree No 127 I 2OO4 .

RESEARCH METHOD

The research utilized a deductive-qualitative approach, using questionnaire,

in-terview, observation and documentation for gathering data. Meanwhile the subjects of

the research are program stakeholders that consist of government, private sector and

society. The type of data analysis is qualitative-descriptive one.

lndex analysis technique is utilized to measure the satisfaction of stakeholders on

the program. To make

an

assessment

to the

degree

of

overall effectiveness used benchmarking of the formal objectives of the program. Benchmarking techniques is

based on the stakeholders' preference

to

the four formal program

objectives.

The

(3)

[image:3.595.18.542.60.830.2]

1

66

JURNAL SOS'A L & POLITIK, VOLUME 1 8 NOMOR 2' TAHUN 2OO8

Table 1

Benchmatking

ol

Area Rehabilitation Obiectives Using ltem Weighed Based

on

Stakeholders P refe rences

PROGRAf

OBJECTIVE9

PRlvATE

sEcloR SOCIETY

f)

DIY iriti

3 4 '| 2 2 4 17 21,2s%

3 2

I

2 2 12 17.11

2 2 4 3 4 4 20 2E

374

1 4 3 3 3 21 30.o0%

70 I 0096

(') Weighed is based on proporlion of the total

PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS OF PARANGTRITIS BEACH TOURISM

AREA REHABILITATION

The discussion follows the effectiveness indicators siated by Gibson et.al (1983) that consist of productivity, efficiency and slakeho/ders'satisfaction'

1.

Productivityindicator

The atlainment of program productivity is determined by comparing the present condition to the previous condition before program implementation' The complete data

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(10)

Suranto and _{Annihayah ,}Pagmm Etrectiveness Anatysis Of Toutism Arca

....

173

3,

Stakeholders'Satisfaction

The last indicator of the program effectiveness is stakehotde rs' satisfaction of the program implemenfafion. To measure

this

indic€tor, there are three parties who are close related to the program. i.e.. (1) Society who consists of tourists/visitors, commu-nity elites, and community representatives, (2) Government who consists

of

Bantul Regency Local Government, and Parangtritis Village Government. (3) Private sector who consists of some relocated vendors.

Briefly, the satisfaction degree of sfakeholders to the objectives attainment is as follows:

Table 4

Matrix

of

Stakeholders'

Satisfaction lndicators

in

Attaining

Program

Objectives

of Parangtritis

Beach Tourism Area Rehabilitation

PROGRAM

OBJECTIVES IIEASURE-MENT DESCRIPTION RESU LT

Envlronmont

-Phy.lc.l

Quallty

lmprovemont

.

Tourists/Vi sitors' sa-tisfaction

.

Communi-ty's satis-faction

satisfac-tion

.

lndex score is 3,43. Because the score is over 3,01, it means that

visitors satisfied with the environment-physics quality in Parangtritis.

.

lnterviewed community representatives stated their satislaction to the

environment-physics quality in Parangt.itis.

.

lnterviewed vendors stated the

disappointment lo the environment-physics quality in Parangtritis..

Effectlve

lneffactlv.

b.

Gontervatlon

of

EnYlron-ment and

Roaourco!

Govern-ment's

satisfac-lion

TouristsNi

sitors' sa-tisfaction

.

lnterviewed community representatives stated their satisfaction to the

conservation of

environment and resources in Parangtritis.

.

lnterviewedgovernment

ofJicers stated their

satisfaction to the

conservation of

environment and resources rn

Parangtritis.

.

lndex score is 3,16. Because the score is

Effoctlve

Effectlve

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JURNAL SOSIAL & POLITIK, VOLUME 18 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2OO8

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

IIEASURE-IIENT

DESCRIPTION RESULT

over 3,01, it means that

visitors satislled to the

conservation of

environment and resources ln

Paranqtritis.

c. lnvestment

Cllmate

lmprovemont

&

Commu-nlty

empower-ment.

.

Vendors'

satisfac-tion

.

Govem-ment's satisfac-tion

.

lnterviewed

vendors

stated

the

disappointment

to

lnvestment

Climate lmprovement &

Commu-nity empowerment.

.

lnterviewed community

representatives

stated

their

disappointment to

lnvestment

Cllmate lmprovement &

Commu-nity empowerment.

.

lnterviewed government

oflicers

stiated

their

disappointment

to

lnvestment

Climate lmprovement &

commu-nitv emoowerment.

lneffectlve

lnaffectlve

lneffectlYo

d. Tourlam Potontlal Devslopment

of

Pa6ng-trltls

Beach

.

Vendors' satisfac-tion

.

Tourists^/i

sitors'

sa-tisfaction

lnterviewed vendors stated their satisfaction to the tourism potential development of

Parangtritis beach. lnterviewed community representatives stated their satisfaction to the tourism potential development of

Parangtritis beach. lndex score is 3,12. Because the score is over 3,01, it means that

visitors satisfied to the tourism potential development of

Paranqtritis beach.

Effectlve

EffectlY€

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Su@nto and Annihayah, Ptogmm Etrectiveness Aralysis Of lolrls m Area

....

17 s

4.

Discussion

Based on the previous indicator analysis, the researcher is able to determine the degree of effectiveness of each program objectives. The review

ofthe

analysis based on indicators of productivity, efiiciency and stakeho,lders,s atisfaction is as

iolows:

Table 5

Resume

of

Program Objectives

Attainment of pa.angtritis

Beach Tourism Area

Rehabititation

PROGRAM INDICATORS

RESULT oBJECnWS

PRODUA

ffWY

EFtCtEt{Cr HOLI'ERS'SrAKE. SANSFAC

TtoH

1.

Envlronmont

Phy3lc.l

Ouallty lmprovemont

EFFEC. TIVE

(r00%) EFFECTI-VE(r00%) EFFECTI-VE(r00%) (300t6:3E100%) EFFECTIVE >

50%

2. Conservstlon

of

Envlrcnmont and RaBourcoa

EFFEC. TIVE

(r00%) EFFECTI-VE(r00%) EFFECTI.VE(r00t6) (300% EFFECTTVE:

3.

1003()

,

50*

3. lnvoatm9nt Cllm.to

lmproyemont E

Communlty amDowoamenl

INEFFEGT

tvE

(0%) EFFECTI.VE(r00%)

I

EFFECTIV

E

(0%) t1{t{EFFECTM(t00_{t( :31}_33,33%)< 50t6 4.

fourlrm

Potentlal

Dovelopmonl ot

P.rangtrltla Bo.ch

EFFEG-TlvE

(r 00%)

EFFECTI-VE

(r 00%) EFFECTI-VE(r00%)

EFFECT]VE

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JURNAL SOS/AL & POLITIK, VOLUME 18 NOMOR 2, TAHUN 2OO8

Table 6

Final Result

of Parangtritis

Beach Tourism Area Program Effectiveness

OBJECTIVES WEIGHEO RESULT SCORE

.

PhysicaF

Environment Ouality

21,29

t

21.2ttUo

2. Envrronment and

17.1aq.

I

17.11|./.

3.

lnvestment Climate lmprovement and Community

EmDowerment. 26-57V. 0 0

4.

ParangtritisTourism Potential

30,oo 1 30,oo%

sutl

71,13

Annotation for Result :

(0)

=

lneffeaive

(1)=

Effeaive

b6sed on the table

ibove,

the researcher argued that the overall implementation

of the rehabilitation program of Parangtritis Beach Tourism is effective. lt is indicated

by the overall score bt 7t,43% that exceeds the effectiveness limit score of 50%'

DETERMINANT FACTORS ON PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

EFFECTIVENESS OF PAR,ANGTRITIS BEACH TOURISM

AREA

REHABILITATION

'1. Theoretical Determinant Factors

on

Area Rehabilitation Program

Effectiveness

Based on the previous discussion, the implementation of the area rehabilitation program has been effective untilthe Phase

ll.

The attiainment is certainly determined

by some

'

factors.

There are four determinant factors on the area rehabilitation program

implemen-2.

Chronology of Determinant Empirical Factors on Program Effectiveness

of Parangtritis

Beach

Area Tourism Rehabilitation

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Suranto and Annihayah , Progam Etrectiveness Analysis Of Touism Area

....

177

CONCLUSION

1.

Gonclusion

'I

)

_The_{implementation}

of

_{Parangtritis beach area rehabilitation program}_is

ef-fective in attaining its overall objectives.

2)

Partially, the objectives attainment

of

resources conservation, environment

and physical condition improvement and tourism development have been effective, but the attainment of investment climate improvement and

commu-nity empowerment has not been effective.

3)

The significant determinant factors on

the

program effectiveness

are

re-sources, disposition, environment and communication-coordination. ln

addi-tion the research found other three determinant factors which are (1) The status

of

Sultanate Ground (SG) has supported the rehabilitation process implementation; (2). Disaster Factors. Both Earthquake Disaster of May 27, 2006 and Pangandaran Tsunami Oisaster have been "God blessing" for acceleral

ing the area rehabilibtion program implemenbtion. (3). S'trong Leadership SVle of

recent Bantul Regent has supported

he

implementalion ofthe program.

2.

Recommendation

'l)

To improve the investment climate as well as

to

empower the society, the government should conduct:: (a) community empowerment program: (b) in-vestment opportunity promotion to investors to complete the unavailable

fa-cilities; (c) Persuade vendors

to

use their shops at the relocation area; (d) Law enforcement for illegal vendors (5) Evaluation and redesign the suitable building for vendors to grow their self-belonging sense.

2)

lt is necessary to over@me the case findings ofthe phase land

llof

Parangtritis beach area rehabilitation program, i.e. applying lixed area management sys-tem to handle both security, cleanness and maintenance.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Text

Book References

Abdul Wahab, Solichin.1990. Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Negara. Jakarh: Rineka Cipta. Abdul Wahab, Solichin. 1997. Analisis Kebijakan: Dari Formulasi

ke

lmplementasi

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