KSP 1141 Swimming
Take home research
Luqman Hakim Rosli 16098
Four strokes of swimming
In swimming there are generally 4 types of swimming strokes. 1. Freestyle stroke
Uses alternating arm movements with an above water recovery with the legs
executing a flutter ki k otio . Freestyle is fast a d effi ie t a d it’s the fastest of all the strokes.
2. Breast stroke
Considered to be most popular among the 4 strokes due to the advantages of keeping the head above the water. Beginners in swimming usually are taught breast stroke first. Breast stroke use both arms executing half circular arm movements at the same time under water in front of the swimming while the legs execute a whip kick. Breast stroke is the slowest stroke.
3. Back stroke
Back stroke is swimming on the back with similarities to freestyle with alternating circular arm movements and flutter kick. Relatively faster than breast stroke 4. Butterfly stroke
Uses symmetrical arm stroke accompanied with wave-like body undulation and a dolphin kick. Second fastest of the stroke and considered to be the most exhausting stroke.
Calories burned
Each strokes of swimming burns calories at a different rate. These are measured if the strokes are done in one hour.
1. Freestyle
One hour burns 590 calories for a 130 pound or 60kg person 2. Back stroke
Burns calories at same amount of a freestyle 3. Breast stroke
Burns calories at same amount of a freestyle 4. Butterfly
Propulsion
In the 4 swimming strokes, in each strokes uses different forms to propel forward. 1. Freestyle
In freestyle, the main propulsion comes from the arm movement rather from the leg action. The legs are meant to assist in propulsion but mostly play their role of
keeping swimming straight. The propulsion from freestyle comes from the
alternating arm movement where the pulling and pushing of the arms gives it the propulsio . You asi ally s oop the water a d pushes it ehi d to propel forward. The entry of the arms into the water affects the propulsion as you are required to rotate your arm from outside into inside of the water. If the scooping of water is done inside the water, it will create drag and will not propel properly.
2. Breast stroke
In breast stroke, the main propulsion comes from the leg movement where the swimmer moves his/her feet in an outward, backward and eventually downward direction in a sweeping motion. The propulsion comes from the whip like action when the force of the legs kick backwards. The force of the propulsion is equals to how strong the force of the kicking.
3. Back stroke
Back stoke shares similar propulsion with free style however with swimming on the back, its propulsion is slightly different where the entry of the arm into the water is slightly harder as improper entry or too much bending of the elbow will create high drag with the water upon entry. The arms should only bend a little upon entry. The propulsion comes from pushing the water.
4. Butterfly stroke
Each butterfly arm cycle should be accompanied by two kicks, which serve different but important functions. The downbeat of the first kick begins just as the hands are about to enter the water. This leg action helps to bring the hips back to a higher position on the surface and provides propulsion until the hands reach the "catch" phase. The upbeat of the kick helps to streamline the body and reduce drag as the hands enter their propulsive phase. The first kick is longer in duration than the second kick.
The second kick is executed as the arms are completing their propulsive phase and beginning a slightly upward movement toward the recovery. Compared to the first kick, the second kick is more concentrated from the knees down. The second kick generates propulsion that helps to drive the shoulders forward and upward over the water to assist in the arm recovery.
Effectiveness in getting fit and a great physique
Each swimming strokes requires separate muscles but in comparison, only freestyle and butterfly offer the most exertion than backstroke and breast stroke. Freestyle and butterfly many similarities but have different standing.
1. Freestyle
It is goof for stretching entire body, in particular shoulders, back, biceps, triceps, quadriceps glutes and hamstrings.
2. Breast stroke
Ideal to use to develop endurance and share similar benefits with freestyle but at a lower intensity. More focus on the thighs and pectorals
3. Back stroke
Similar to freestyle but lower intensity .Good for extending back and shoulder muscles which helps improve posture.
4. Butterfly
The muscles used for both freestyle and butterfly are the same which are 48
muscles. However the usage of these muscles differs as in freestyle, the muscles are move in reciprocating motion which allows for one side to recover while another side to work. In butterfly stroke, all the muscles are used to work then recover.
World Records for all swimming strokes (50M)
The world record is set for 2 different swimming pools which are long course (50M) and short course (25M).
Long course (Men)
Event Time (s) Name Nationality Date Meet
50M Freestyle
20.91 Cesar Cielo Brazil 18/12/2009 Brazilian Championship 50M
Backstroke
24.04 Liam Tancock Britain 2/8/2009 World
Championship
22.43 Rafael Munoz Spain 5/4/2009 Spanish
(Women)
Event Time (s) Name Nationality Date Meet
50M Freestyle
23.73 Britta Steffen Germany 2/9/2009 World
Championship
29.48 Ruta Meilutyte Lithuania 3/9/2009 World
Championship
50M Butterfly stroke
24.43 Sarah Sjostrom Sweden 5/7/2009 Swedish Championship
France 5/12/2014 World
Championship 50M
Backstroke
22.22 Florent Manaudou
France 6/12/2014 World
Championship
South Africa 14/11/2009 World Cup
50M Butterfly stroke
21.80 Steffen Deibler Germany 14/11/2009 World Cup
Netherlands 7/9/2013 World Cup 50M
Backstroke
25.67 Etiene Medeiros Brazil 7/12/2014 World
Championship 50M
Breast stroke
28.80 Jessica Hardy United States
Producing freshwater from saltwater in survival conditions
Scenario
-Trapped on an island with no source of fresh water Method
1. Gather materials 1 white waterproof sail 1 black windbreaker Beach sand
2. Make a berm out of beach sand
Pick a low spot at the edge of the dune/wet sand border. Lay the sail down on the sand and spread it out flat. Trace the size of the sail on the sand.
Dig a trench approx. 2 ft. inside the traced triangle, and place the excavated sand within the 2ft border (inside the trace), and place some sand in a pile in the middle of the triangle.
3. Create a he e t syste
After creating a suitably deep divot in the mound at the center of the trnch lay the waterproof windbreaker in the mound to create a deep bowl. The top of the "bowl" must be considerably lower than the top of the berm
(1/2 the height is probably a good average - it's all eyeballed at this point). Stretch the white waterproof sail over the trench and bowl.
Carefully place heavy rocks on the perimeter of the sail to hold it down. Cover the remaining perimeter with sand, effectively sealing the edges of the
sail to the beach.
Place a stone in the center of the sail, directly above the "bowl".
4. Evaporation of cachement idea
As the sun beats down on the beach the water within the berm will try to evaporate. Since the sail is waterproof the water will collect underneath the sail in little
droplets. As the droplets get bigger and heavier throughout the day they will
gravitate towards the middle where the center weight was placed (heavy stone). This water will dribble down into the bowl made out of a waterproof windbreaker.
The quantity of fresh water that will be collected depends upon the size of the sail, the heat of the sun, and a host of other factors.
Personal Survival Kit
Below are the items listed to be carried in a bag of standard size if were to travel around the world. The survival kit is used to maintain life for some time while waiting for help but does allow for scavenging using the knife.
Waterproof Duffel Bag (60 litres)
Items included inside. The items are chose based on general availability. The personal survival kit is developed for general survival whether in mountain or at sea. First aid kit covers standard medicine such as bandage, antiseptic and painkillers.
Sewing kit First aid kit
Retractable camping knife Matches
Fishing kits Nylon wires Aluminium foil Thermos Gloves Torchlights
Waterproof boots Googles
Plastic containers Snorkelling mask
Floating board for swimming Ropes
Raincoat
