LANGUAGE SHIFT OF GAYONESE THIRD GENERATION IN MIXED MARRIAGES.

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LANGUAGE SHIFT OF GAYONESE THIRD

GENERATION IN MIXED MARRIAGES

A Thesis

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Degree of Magister Humaniora

By: VERA MARISA

Registration Number: 8146112042

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

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ABSTRACT

Marisa, Vera. Registration Number : 8146112042. Language Shift of Gayonese Third Generation in Mixed Marriages. A thesis. Postgraduate School, English Applied Linguistics Study Program. The state University of Medan. 2017.

This study deals with the Language Shift of Gayonese Third Generation in Mixed Marriages. It employs qualitative research design with a case study. This study aims to describe: (1) the Gayonese language shift occurs in third generation in mixed marriages, (2) the process of language shift of Gayonese third generation in mixed marriages and (3) the reasons do the Gayonese language of third generation shift in mixed marriages. The subjects were 20 third generations of Gayonese. They were chosen from third generations whose parents are Gayonese and Acehnese and third generations whose parents are Gayonese and Javanese. The instruments used of this study were observation and interview. The observation was used to obtain the pattern and the process of Language shift, and the interview was used to obtain the pattern and also the reasons of language shift. The data were analyzed by interactive model proposed by Miles and Hubberman and saldana. After analyzing the data, the researcher found three findings. First, non-migrant shifting occurred in Gayonese third generation in mixed marriages. The shift were analyzed by four points of shift namely, production shift, comprehension shift, production-comprehension shift and attitude shift. After calculating the data, it was obtained that production shift occurred in 55% of subjects, comprehension shift 20%, production-comprehension 25 % and attitude shift occurred in all of the subjects. Second, there are two process of Gayonese third generation language shift in mixed marriages namely; minority language retention and simple bilingualism. The highest process found of gayonese language shift into Indonesian language about 100%. And the second was simple bilingualism caused gayonese language shift change into Indonesian language about 30%. Third, there are three reasons of Gayonese third generation language shift in mixed marriages namely; status, prestige and social success. As the highest reasons found of gayonese language shift into Indonesian language about 100%. And the second was prestige caused gayonese language shift change into Indonesian language about 30%. All the third generations of Gayonese from mixed marriages use Indonesian language because of the social success.

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ABSTRAK

Marisa, Vera. NIM: 8146112042. Pergeseran Bahasa Pada Generasi ke Tiga Gayo dalam Pernikahan Campuran. Tesis. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Medan. 2017.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pergeseran bahasa gayo pada generasi ketiga dalam perkawinan campuran. Penelitian ini adalah desain kualitatif bardasarkan studi kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) pergeseran bahasa Gayo pada generasi ketiga dalam perkawinan campuran,(2) proses pergeseran bahasa Gayo pada generasi ketiga dalam perkawinan campuran dan (3) alasan yang meneyebabkan pergeseran bahasa Gayo pada generasi ketiga dalam perkawinan campuran. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 20 orang generasi ketiga dari suku Gayo. Subjek dipilih dari generasi ketiga yang mana orang tua tersebut adalah suku Gayo dan Aceh dan generasi ketiga yang mana orang tuanya berasal dari suku Gayo dan Jawa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan interview. Observasi digunakan untuk memperoleh pola dan proses pergesearn bahasa Gayo, dan interview digunakan untuk memperoleh pola dan juga alasan pergeseran bahasa. Data penelitian tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan interaktif model Miles, Huberman dan Saldana (2014). Setelah menganalisis data, peneliti menemukan tiga temuan. Pertama, pergeseran yang terjadi adalah pergeseran non-migrant. Pergeseran tersebut dianalisa dengan empat poin yakni production shift, comprehension shift, production-comprehension shift dan attitude shift. Setelah menghitung pergeserannya diperoleh production shift terjadi pada 55% subjek, Comprehension shift 20%, production-comprehension 25% dan attitude shift terjadi pada semua subjek. Kedua, terdapat dua proses yang menyebabkan pergeseran bahasa Gayo pada generasi ketiga dalam perkawinan campuran yaitu; minoritas dalam penggunaa bahasa dan penggunaan dua bahasa yang sederhana. Minoritas dalam penggunaan bahasa adalah proses tertinggi yang menyebabkan pergeseran bahasa Gayo menjadi bahasa Indonesia yaitu sekitar 100%. Dan proses yang kedua adalah penggunaan dua bahasa yang sederhana yang menyebabkan pergesearn bahasa yang terjadi pada generasi ketiga menjadi bahasa Indonesia sekitar 30%. Ketiga, terdapat tiga alasan yang menyebabkan pergeseran bahasa pada genersi ketiga pada perkawinan campuran yaitu; status, prestige dan keberhasilan dalam bersosialisasi. Status adalah alasan tertinggi yang menyebabkan pergeseran bahasa Gayo pada generasi ketiga sekitar 100%. Dan kedua adalah prestige sekitar 30%. Dan yang terakhir adalah keberhasilan dalam bersosialisai dari generasi ketiga suku Gayo yang bergeser menjadi bahasa Indonesia.

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ACKOWLEDGEMENTS

I return all the glory to Allah Almighty for His faithfulness to all His promise in my life.

He is faithful even I am not faithful. His faithfulness has brought me so far. I cannot but express

my in- depth appreciation to Him, he has done so much for me. Apart from that, many people for

sure, have assisted me in some ways or other, though not all names can be mentioned here but

some deserve me very special attention. The following people should be given the credits.

First, my special thanks to my first thesis adviser, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd.. and

my second thesis adviser, Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd. Thanks immensely for your supervision,

encouragement, patience and the pain take in the course of my writing this research work, in

making sure that this work is a success. Thank you very much.

Second, Dr.Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. and Dr. Anni Holila pulungan, M. Hum., the Head

and Secretary of English Applied Linguistic Study Program and Farid, the administration staff

for completing the administration procedures.

Third, Prof.Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S., Dr. I Wayan Dirgeyasa T, M.Hum. and Dr.

Rahmad Husein, M.Ed., the reviewers and examiners for the valuable suggestions to be included

in this thesis.

My whole hearted gratitude goes to my ever caring, loving and understanding parents M.

Said, BA and Ratna Ansuri, S.Pd, the sponsors of my education to this level. Allah has used you

greatly in taking care of me . I also acknowledge my youger sisters, Yeni Novita, Ike Wesiara.

And thanks for my beloved Riza Dori Hafni Siregar, S.Pd. who has support me to finished this

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Finally I want to thank all my friends B2 LTBI and Heri Wira Andesta, Arif Hidayat,

Agus Salim Marpaung, Hendri Batubara. when their assistance was needed and those that took to

their heels when the going was getting harder. I say thank you to all of you and may Allah, the

Almighty be with us always.

Medan, Mei 2017. The writer

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1.5The Significance of the Study ... 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 8

2.1 Language Shift ... 8

2.2 Types of Language Shift ... 13

2.3The Process of Language Shift Occurs ... 17

2.4 The Reason of Shift The Language ... 19

2.4.1 The Status Of Indonesian Language As A National Language ... 19

2.4.2 To Achieve The Social Success ... 20

2.4.3 Factors Influence of Language Shift ... 20

2.4.3.1 Bilingualism ... 21

2.4.3.2 Migration ... 22

2.4.3.3 Economic and Social Factors ... 22

2.4.3.4 Political Factors ... 23

2.4.3.5 Demographic Factor ... 24

2.4.3.6 Attitude and Values ... 24

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CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH ... 32

3.1 Research Setting ... 32

3.2 The Data and Data Sources... 33

3.3 Research Method ... 35

3.4 The Technique of Collecting Data ... 35

3.5 Techinque of Analyzing Data ... 36

3.6 The Trustworthiness of the Study ... 38

3.6.1 Credibility ... 39

3.6.2 Transferability ... 39

3.6.3 Dependability ... 40

3.6.4 Confirmability ... 40

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 41

4.1 Research Findings ... 41

4.1.1 The Language Shift Occurred in Gayonese Third Generation in Mixed Marriages ... 60

4.1.2 The Process of Language Shift in Gayonese Third Generation in Mixed Marriages… ... 61

4.1.3 The Reasons of Language Shift in Gayonese Third Generation in Mixed Marriages ... 62

4.2 Discussions ... 61

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 77

5.1 Conclusion ... 77

5.2 Suggestion ... 78

REFERENCES………. ... 79

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 4.1 The Language Shift occurred in Gayonese Third

Generation in Mixed Marriages ... 60

Table 4.2 The Process of Occurances of Language Shift of Gayonese

Third Generation in Mixed Marriages ... 61

Table 4.3 The Reasons of Gayonese Language Shift

in Third Generation in Mixed Marriages ... 62

Table 4.4 The Language Shift Occurred in Gayonese

Table 4.5 The Process of Gayonese Language Shift

in Third Generation in Mixed Marriages ... 64

Table 4.6 The Reasons of Gayonese Language Shift

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Interactive model of analysis by Miles,

Huberman &Saldana ... 36

Figure 4.1 The Language Shift occurred in Gayonese Third

Generation in Mixed Marriages ... 66

Figure 4.2 The Process of Occurances of Language Shift of Gayonese

Figure 4.3 The Reasons of Gayonese Language Shift

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 The Data Transcription of Interview of Gayonese

Third Generation in Mixed Marriages ... 81 Appendix 2 The Data Transcription of The Language

Shift Occurred inGayonese Third

Generation in Mixed Marriages……… ... 113 Appendix 3 The Interview Transcription Language Shift Occurred

in Gayonese Third Generation in Mixed

Marriages ………... 114 Appendix 4 The Process of Language Shift of Gayonese

Appendix 5 The Interview Transcription of The Process of Language Shift in Gayonese Third Generation

in Mixed Marriages ... 123 Appendix 6 The Reason of Language Shift Occurred in

Gayonese Third Generation in Mixed Marriages ... 141

Appendix 7 The Interview of The Reason of Language Shift

Occurred in Gayonese Third Generation