Morphometric Performances of Thin Tail Sheep with Differences
Calpastatin (Cast-1) Genotipees
B.W. Putra1, *, Nurhidayat2 & C. Sumantri1
1Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
*e-mail: bramada_wp@yahoo.com
2Departemen of Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
Abstract
Calpastatin (CAST) is an indigenous inhibitor of calpain that involved in regulation of protein turn over and growth. The objective of this research was to compare the morfometric performances of thin tail sheep with difference of CAST genotipees. PCR-RFLP method was carried out to identify genetic variation of CAST gene. Based on the identification, variation of CAST gene that found were MM and MN with the single Calpain genotype variation, TT. Nine thin tail sheeps from Jonggol were used for this research. The sheeps clustered based on the variation CAST gene, 5 sheeps were MM genotype and 4 sheeps were MN genotype. Variation of CAST gene gave significantly differences in morfometric performances. Sheeps with MM genotype have longer body length, heart girth, wither depth, and rump width than sheep with MN genotype. Sheeps with MM genotype had longer Ossa vertebrae cervicales Ossa vertebrae thoracicaeOssa vertebrae lumbales, Os vertebrae sacrales and Os scapulae.
Keywords: calpastatin, thin tail sheep, morfometric performances
Introducton
Thn tal sheep s one of the Indonesan natve sheep that have potental to be developed. Although the adult anmal’s body weght s relatvely small compared wth sheep tal fat, but thn tal sheep are well adaptable to the lmted avalablty of food and hgh temperature and chld sheep mortalty are relatvely low (Subandryo, 2003).
al., 2008). Accordng to Camau et al. (2007), calpan and calpastatn are ncluded n the calpan system. Calpan system s enzymes that contrbute n meat tenderness by proteolytc post-slaughter. Calpan system has three members of the proten that s
µ-calpan, m-calpan and calpastatn. Actvty of µ-calpan and m-calpan s affected by Ca2+ ons. The functons calpan enzyme on lve anmal s to degrade protens n the myofbrl myofbrllar structure formaton (Scanes, 2003).
Calpastatn s an enzyme to nhbt proten degradaton muscle cells by the enzyme µ-calpan and m-calpan. Increased calpastatn actvty can ncrease muscle mass (hypertrophy) accompaned by a decrease n meat tenderness. Calpastatn assocate wth myostatn regulate muscle growth rate, so the dversty of calpastatn gene s expected to affect the local sheep growth propertes, and therefore varatons n calpan system genes n sheep wll not only nfluence the rate of postmortem meat tenderness but also expected to nfluence muscle growth.
The objectve of ths research was to study the comparatve morphometry performance of thn tal sheep n the dfferent varatons of calpastatn genotypes.
Materals and Methods
Ths research used thn tal sheep from the Jonggol Anmal Scence Teachng and Research Unt (JASTRU). Based on the prelmnary research for the detecton of calpan and calpastatn gene dversty obtaned calpastatn gene varatons, that should have 3 varatons of the genotypes MM, MN and NN, obtaned only 2 varatons genotpee, MM and MN, and NN gene varaton was not found. M denotes the normal calpastatn allele, whereas N ndcates that mutaton calpastatn allele. Samples taken from sheep that had calpastatn genotypes MM and MN wth the same calpan genotype (TT). Sheep wth MM calpstatn genotype obtaned of 5 samples, whle for sheep wth MN genotype obtaned 4 samples. Sheep selected were male wth a thn tal sheep ready for slaughter age s n the range of 1 to 1.5 years (I1).
The study was conducted n Aprl to August 2011 at the Outdoor Laboratory of Small Rumnants, Anmal Producton and Technology Department, Faculty of Anmal Scence, Bogor Agrcultural Unversty.
Measurements on lve anmals were body weght and morphometrcs performances. The morphometrcs performances were measured body frame conformaton. Body frame conformaton Measurement used tuberosty and the processus that clearly vsble n lve sheep. Ths measurement was carred out to study the pattern of development and growth of both overall and per body part of sheep. Parameters observed n measurements of morphometry were:
a. Prmary Morphometrcs
- Hps leght - Rump wdth - Hearth grth
b. Part of Columna vertebralis
- Ossa vertebrae cervicales - Ossa vertebrae lumbales - Ossa vertebrae thoracicae - Os vertebrae sacrales
c. Extrmty Length
- Os scapula - Os femoris
- Os humerus - Ossa tibia-fibula
- Ossa radius-ulna - Ossa metatarsalia - Ossa metacarpalia
The data obtaned were analyzed usng Student’s t test, two-taled hypothess to compare dfferences of calpastatn gene varatons between MM and MN. Mathematcal model accordng to Steel and Torre (1991) was:
explanaton : :
t : T value to be compared wth the t table to determne the acceptanceT value to be compared wth the t table to determne the acceptance of the hypothess
: The average dfference n sample a and bThe average dfference n sample a and b
: Dfference n the average of populaton a and bDfference n the average of populaton a and b
: Standard error valueStandard error value
Results and Dscusson
Morphometrc measurements used to determne rate of lvestock growth. Morphometrc performance of sheep wth dfferences of calpastatn genotypes are presented n Table 1. Body weght, daly body weght gan, heght, chest heght and wdth of the hps dd not show sgnfcant dfferences. Body length of thn tal sheep MM genotype sgnfcantly longer than MN genotype. The man components that affect body length are the jonts of the spne (vertebrae Columna). Columna vertebre arranged from Ossa vertebrae cervicales, Ossa vertebrae cervicales, Ossa vertebrae lumbales and Os vertebrae sacrales. Based on the measurement, all part of Columna vertebralis of MM genotype thn tal sheep sgnfcantly longer than the MN genotype, so muscle formed on a commercal cuts of neck, rack and lon wll be longer when compared wth the MN genotype.
than the MN genotype. MM genotype of Thn tal sheep had a longer Os scapulae
compared wth MN genotype. Os scapula szes would gve a nfluence of shoulder percentage.
Tabel 1. Morphometrc performance of sheep wth dfferences of calpastatn genotypes
Parameters Calpastatn Genotypes
MM (n=5) CV (%) MN (n=4) CV (%) Prmary Morphometrcs
Body weght (kg) 20.56 + 2,27a 12.77 19.12 + 2.09a 10.93
Body length (cm) 54.13 + 2.83a 5.22 51.28 + 2.22 b 4.32
Body heght (cm) 56.46 + 2.54a 4.50 55.81 + 1.67a 2.99
Hps heght (cm) 57.69 + 1.95a 3.38 57.30 + 2.28a 3.98
Heart grth (cm) 63.17 + 2.76 A 4.36 59.86 + 2.30B 3.84
Wther depth (cm) 26.18 + 1.17 a 4.49 25.04 + 1.19 b 4.74
Wther wdth (cm) 14.64 + 0.38a 2.57 14.59 + 0.47a 3.22
Ramp wdth (cm) 13.03 + 0.73 A 5.62 11.83 + 0.58 B 4.91
Part of Columna vertebralis
Ossa vertebrae cervicales (cm) 11.59 + 0.64 a 5.48 11.01 + 0.49b 4.47
Ossa vertebrae cervicale (cm) 18.48 + 0.96 a 5.22 17.51 + 0.75 b 4.28
Ossa vertebrae lumbales (cm) 11.32 + 0.59 a 5.20 10.73 + 0.45 b 4.16
Os vertebrae sacrales (cm) 7.99 + 0.41 a 5.18 7.58 + 0.34 b 4.46
Part of Extrmty
Os scapula (cm) 21.72 + 0.96 A 4.40 20.64 + 0.84B 4.07
Os humerus (cm) 15.82 + 0.70a 4.40 15.64 + 0.47a 2.99
Ossa radius-ulna(cm) 14.98 + 0.67a 4.45 14.82 + 0.44a 2.96
Ossa metacarpalia (cm) 10.05 + 0.44a 4.39 9.93 + 0.30a 3.05
Os femoris (cm) 13.09 + 0.38a 2.92 12.94 + 0.39a 2.99
Ossa tibia-fibula (cm) 20.74 + 0.93a 4.49 20.50 + 0.64a 3.11
Ossa metatarsalia (cm) 15.93 + 0.54a 3.37 15.92 + 0.47a 2.97
Dfferent superscrpt letters on the same lnes suggested a sgnfcant dfference between treatments (P <0.05), superscrpt captal letter statng the dfference hghly sgnfcant (P <0.01), n = number of samples (tal), KK= coeffcent of varance (standard devaton / average x 100%).
MM genotype of thn tal sheep were larger than that of MN genotype. Based on the overall data, thn tal sheep wth MM genotype had larger morphometr performance than MN genotype. It suggested that calpastatn had potental to nflu-ence the growth of bones, especally n body axs. It was closely related to the func-ton of calcum as bone formafunc-ton and calpan enzyme whose actvty s nfluenced by the concentraton of ons Ca2+.
Conclusons
Thn tal sheep wth MM genotype had larger morofometr performance than MN genotype. It suggested that calpastatn had potental to nfluence the growth of bones, especally n body axs.
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