A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT FUTURE TENSE IN ENGLISH
A PAPER
BY
MELATI VERONIKA PAKPAHAN
REG.NO: 062202046
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
FACULTY OF LETTERS
DIPLOMA III ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
MEDAN
Approved by
Supervisor,
Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum
NIP : 131460771
Submitted to Faculty of Letters University of North Sumatera
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) IN ENGLISH.
Approved by
Head of English Study Program,
Dra. Syahyar Hanum, D.P.F.E
NIP.130702287
Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program
Faculty of Letters, North Sumatera University
Accepted by the board of examiners in partial to fulfillment requirements for D-III
Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, of the Faculty of Letters, North
Sumatera University
The examination is held on the ………
Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatera.
Dean,
Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A.Ph.d
NIP.132098531
Board of Examiner and Reader:
Examiner : Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I am MELATI VERONIKA, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except
where references is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material
published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from paper from a paper have
qualified for or awarded another degree
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of
the paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any
tertiary education.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : MELATI VERONIKA PAKPAHAN
Title of paper : A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT FUTURE TENSE IN ENGLISH
Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the
librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Letters USU on the
understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of Republic of
Indonesia.
Signed :
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all, I would like thank Lord Jesus Christ, for blessing me to complete this
paper and fulfilling one of the requirements to get a Diploma from the English study
program at the Faculty of Letters University of North Sumatra. Thank you Lord for all of
your kindness and your love.
I would also like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Letters, Drs. Syaifuddin, MA.,
PhD and The Head of English Study Program Dra. Syahyar Hanum, DPFE. Special
thanks also go to my Supervisor, Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum always give me
supports, suggestions, and knowledge in completing this paper. Thank you for his
kindness, and his personality that motivate me in writing this paper. Then, I would like to
thank my Reader, Drs.Yulianus Harefa, Grad DipEd TESOL, M.Ed TESOL, who helped
me to read and check the paper. I also express my sincere gratitude to all of my lectures
for their valuable knowledge, guidance, and advice during my study
In this opportunity, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my beloved
parents, my father J. Pakpahan, SH, and my mother H. Malau for their motivations
including advices, supports, materials, and encouragements during my study. I also
would like to thank my brothers Bistok Pakpahan, SH and Alex Unedo Pakpahan and my
dearest sister Intan Pakpahan, SE. Thank you for your kindness, love and support. I love
you all.
A great thanks also go to my wonderful friend Daniel, for always being there for
me to encourage, and support me every time, especially in writing this paper. I am also
making my life more colourful during my 3 years study in this Faculty and the whole
friends in the campus. Thanks for being such nice friends and supporting me, let’s keep
our friendship forever.
Finally, I realize that my paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, advice,
constructive critics and suggestions aiming at this paper will be warmly welcomed, and
highly appreciated.
Medan, 27 April 2008 The Writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.4 The Significance of Study ... 2
1.5 The Method of Study ... 3
2. DEFINITION AND TYPE OF TENSES ... 4
2.1 Definition of Tense ... 4
2.2 Type of Tense ... 5
2.2.1 Present Tense ... 5
2.2.2 Past Tense ... 6
2.2.3 Future Tense ... 8
3. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT FUTURE TENSE ... 10
3.1 Simple Future Tense ... 10
3.1.1 Form ... 10
3.1.2 Function ... 11
3.1.3 Time Signal ... 15
3.2 Future Continuous Tense ... 15
3.2.1 Form ... 16
3.2.2 Function ... 17
3.2.3 Time Signal ... 18
3.3.1 Form ... 19
3.3.2 Function ... 20
3.3.3 Time Signal ... 20
3.4 Future Perfect Continuous Tense... 21
3.4.1 Form ... 21
3.4.2 Function ... 22
3.4.3 Time Signal ... 23
4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 24
4.1 Conclusions ... 24
4.2 Suggestions ... 25
ABSTRAK
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1The Background of Study
Language is very important for human being. It is used as tool of communication
and interaction by members of society one to another, such as getting and giving
information, expressing their ideas and doing other activities. Learning a language means
learning how to communicate in that language to convey information to someone,
message to somebody else from either speaker or writer to listeners or readers. So, if
someone wants to study a language, he may not be passive but he ought to be active
because the most important in learning language is able to communicate with another
people.
English is an International language because many countries use English as their
second language and English is very important to be known. Nowadays, USA has
become the center of civilization. They have succeeded to dominate politic, economy,
culture, and entertainment in the worlds. It makes English socialized and spread out all
over the world. (Crystal, 1997:71).
Nowadays English has to be the most necessary language to be mastered. It is
reasonable because the world communication and business are through media of English,
and in education, book, and article are available in English and sometimes we get the
difficulties to understand the meaning of the article that we read. Another difficulty that
sometimes we faced is how to apply a good structure in sentence. For example: the use of
to show the situation in the present. So, based on this situation the writer is interested to
choose this topic because she want to explain about tenses especially future tense.
1.2 The Scope of Study
In this paper, the writer try to limit the discussion of the problem as specific as
possible on the title, the scope of writing in this paper is about future tense. As we know
commonly, tenses consist of present tense, past tense ands future tense. But, this paper
will only discuss about tense especially about future tense
1.3 The Objective of Study
In writing this paper there are some objectives that should be achieved as follow
they are:
1. To describe what the tenses is about
2. To describe the types of tenses which related to the topic
1.4The Significance of Study
To make the writing of this paper useful for the others, some significance could
be drawn as follow:
1. To make the readers know more details about tenses, especially future tense
2. To enlarge the readers’ knowledge in future tense
1.5 The Method of Study
In completing this paper, the writer had conducted library research by reading the
books which have related to the main topic discussed. The writer also get other books and
data or information from internet that were concerned with the topic to support the
2. DEFINITION AND TYPE OF TENSES
2.1 Definition of Tense
In English, the time is very close to the tense not like in Indonesian language. Not
only that, time is also Influence to the verb. Tense is one of the most important element in
English and for the most people, and sometimes tense is very hard to understand because
there is no tense in Indonesia language.
Tense is a description about statement, news, occurrence which is probably the
occurrence happen in the present, or maybe will happen in the future or happened in the
past. It is depend on the situation. According to Manser (1995:427) tenses is a verb that
show the time of the action. Based on Day (1977:4) tense is a simply a conventional verb
form. It may involve a mutation of the basic form of the verb.
Tense is an inflectional form of verbs, it express the time at which the action
described by the verb takes place. The major tenses are past, present, and future
(Grammar dictionary: http:/
Concise Encyclopedia. Tense is an inflected form of a verb indicating the time of a
narrated event in relation to the time at which the narrator is speaking. Time is often
perceived as a continuum with three main divisions; past, present, and future, defined in
2.2. Type of Tenses
Based on Day (1977:4), generally the tenses in English are divided into past,
present, and future; their aspect into Simple, Continuous, and perfect. Some describe
states, some activities. Some indicate that the activity or state described is complete in
itself, others that it is incomplete, habitual, or repetitive. Some forms not considered as
tenses indicate such things as predictions, suggestions or wish projections.
Besides, there are two aspects in English: Perfect and Progressive (sometimes
known as ‘continuous’). Aspects add time meaning to those expressed by tense. Each
aspect can be combined with Present, Past, and Future. The perfect aspect most often
described events or states taking place during a preceding period of time. The progressive
aspect described an events or state of affairs in progress or continuing. (Biber,
2002:156)
There are 12 (twelve) common tenses
1 Present Tense is used to express an event or situation that exists always, usually, or
habitually in the present
For Examples:
- Every twelve months, the earth circles in the sun
- I go to school at 7 A.M every day
2. Present Continuous Tense is to express an activity that is in progress right now.
For Examples:
- She is studying now
- They are playing foot ball
- I am watching the film
3. Present Perfect Tense is used to express an activities or situation that occurred before
now, at some unspecified time in the past.
For Examples:
- I have watched the film twice
- She has bought that dictionary
- He has ever gone to Chicago
4. Present Continuous Tense is used to express the duration of an activity that is in
progress
For Examples:
- I have been knocking the door for an hour
- She has been living in here for two weeks
- He has been going to Jakarta for a month
5. Simple Past Tense is used to express the activities or situation that began and ended at
a particular time in the past
For Examples:
- I went to Australia last month
- She saw the accident last night
6. Past Progressive Tense is used to express an activity that was in progress ( was
occurring, was happening ) at a point of time in the past or at the time of another action
For Examples:
- When the phone rang, I was eating dinner
- When I was sleeping. Someone knocked the door
- I was listening to the music, so I didn’t hear the fire alarm
7. Past Perfect Tense is used to express an activity that completed before a particular
time in the past.
For Examples:
- I had visited that place three times
- They had watched the movie several times
- She had lost her money
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an action that began before the time
of speaking in the past, and continued up to that time, or stopped just before it.
For Examples:
- She had been teaching at the university for more than a year before she left
for Asia
- I had been playing chess since1998
- When she came to Surabaya in 1980, he had been living there about three
9. Simple Future Tense is used to express a future action which will be undertaken by the
speaker in accordance with his wishes
For Examples:
- He will go to Chicago next month
- They will meet you tomorrow
- I will buy a motor cycle next week
10. Future Continuous Tense is used to express an action which start before the time and
probably continuous after it in the future time
For Examples:
- I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives
- She will be traveling to Japan next month
- My sister will be arriving tomorrow
11. Future Perfect Tense is used for an action which at a given future time will be in the
past, or will just have finished.
For Examples:
- He will have done his work by the end of this week
- I will have finished this paper by next June
- The Police will have punished you next week
12. Future Perfect Continuous tense can be used instead of the future perfect when the
For Examples:
- He will have been studying English for two years by the of this years
- By the wends of this year we shall have been studying German for two
years
3. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT FUTURE TENSE
3.1 Simple Future Tense
3.1.1 Form
Simple Future Tense is used to express a future action which will be undertaken
by the speaker in accordance with his wishes or express an action in the future. The
simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with
the modal auxiliary will.
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to."
Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two
very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but
with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to"
refer to a specific time in the future.
Form Will
a. Affirmative Sentence
Pattern: S + Will/Shall + V1 + O
For Examples: - I shall go to Chicago next month
- She will leave to Jakarta tonight
- We shall go to the zoo tomorrow
For positive sentence we may also contracted form will (‘II)
For Examples: - I’ II get you some coffee
b. Negative Sentence
Pattern: S + Will/Shall + Not + V1 + O
For Examples: - He will not come to your house tomorrow
- She will not play the guitar at the concert tonight
- We shall not buy the motor cycle next week
For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the
auxiliary verb and verb and sometimes we can contract with won’t and shall with shan’t
For Examples: - I shan’t do all my work by myself
- She won’t buy the motor cycle tomorrow
c. Interrogative Sentence
Pattern: Will/Shall + S + V1 + O
For Examples: - Will Mary come to my party tomorrow?
- Will they arrive tonight?
- Shall you take English course next month?
Note: In Old English, Shall are used for subject I and We, and Will are used for subject
You, He, She, It, and They, However, in modern English subject I and We is also using
Will to express promise in the future time.
3.1.2 Function
a. To express an action in the future
For examples: - He will come tomorrow
- I shall go to Chicago next week
b. Prediction
We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again,
there is no firm plan. Prediction is guesses about what might happen in the future We are
saying what we think will happen. But the prediction without evident
For Example: - By studying hard, I shall get better grades.
- Laskar Pelangi will win several academy award
- Megawati will be the next president
c. Express a decision made about the future at the moment (spontaneous reactions to
events)
We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something
before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at
these examples:
For Examples: - I will take this one
- I will go with you not him
- We will see what we can do to help you
In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time
of speaking.
We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it:
For Examples: - I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
- I think I will have a holiday next year.
d. To express a promise
For Examples: - We will call you when we arrive
- I promise, I will not tell anyone about your secret
- I promise, I will help you
e. To express a request.
For Examples: - Will you help me to carry the heavy bag?
- Will you please help me to get the books?
- Will you help me with my work?
f. To express an offer
We also use will when we talk about willingness to do something (offers, invitation and
orders) and will not when we talk about unwillingness to do something (reluctance or
refusal)
For Examples: - I will find some books for you.
- He will give you another opportunity to get the correct answer.
- Mum! She will not give me back my pen
g. To express a desire or willingness
For Examples: - If you find the exercise too difficult, I will help you.
- He says he will agree to our proposal
- I’m sure he will let us go early today
To express an action in the future time, we are also using phrase going to.
Although will and to be going to can be used interchangeably, they are having a different
a. Affirmative Sentence
Pattern: S + To be going to + V + O
For Examples: - He is going to swim this morning
- They are going to be married next month
- She is going to invest her money in a paper industry
b. Negative Sentence
Pattern: S + To be + Not + going to + V + O
For Examples: - She is not going to spend one semester at the university
- Mary is not going to learn Indonesian language
- I am not going to Chicago this morning
c. Interrogative Sentence
Pattern: To be + S + going to + V + O
For Examples: - Are you going to export orchid to America and Europe?
- Is Mary going to continue her study to first degree?
- Are they going to expand their business in China?
Note:
1. In modern English, if we want to express a future action or intention in the future time
we can use phrase going to
For Examples: - He is coming tonight.
- I am going to work much harder this semester
2. In future tense, phrase going to is also can express a prediction in the future, but the
For Examples: - Be careful! The chair is going to break
- Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain.
3.1.3 Time Signal
The time signal which is used in the future time
- Tomorrow
REMEMBER: There is no Future for Time Clauses
Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when,
while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc
For Examples:
- When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
- When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct
(Note ‘arrive’ because of “when”)
3.2 Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense is used to express an action which starts before the time
and probably continuous after it in the future time. The future continuous verb tense uses
3.2.1 Form
a. Affirmative Sentence
Pattern: S + Will/Shall + Be + V1 + Ing + O
For Examples: - The children will be starting school next week
- He will be waiting for you at 09.00 o’clock this morning
- I shall be bringing a prize for Ali tomorrow
For affirmative sentence we may contracted form Will = ‘II
For Examples: - She'll be having a new bag when I'm back home.
- I'll be watching TV when my mother arrives
- They’II be getting home just about now.
b. Negative Sentence
Pattern: S + Will/Shall + Not + Be + V1 + Ing + O
For Examples: - My father will not be coming tomorrow
- We shall not be working next week
- He will not be going to Paris this summer
For negative sentence in the future continuous tense, we insert the word not after the first
auxiliary and sometimes we can contract will with won’t and shall with shan’t
For Examples: - My father won’t be arriving at 7 am this morning
- He won’t be learning English tomorrow
- I shan’t be doing my homework at six o’clock tomorrow morning
c. Interrogative Sentence
Pattern: Will/Shall + O + Be + V + Ing
- Shall we be visiting monas at 10.00 am?
- Will you be selling your car tomorrow morning?
3.2.2 Function
1. We use will be + V + Ing (future continuous) when we talk about an activity or event
going on at particular time or even particular period in the future
For Examples: - They will be studying at this school in a few years
- We shall be speaking English this evening
- They will be working when you return tomorrow
2. We also use the future continuous when the future activity or event is the result of a
previous decision or arrangement.
For Examples: - She will be performing everyday until the wends of the month
- We shall be taking up his place at university in July
- He will be buying the luxury house at 9 am this morning
3. We also use future continuous to express routine activities.
For Examples: - We shall be going to my brother house again for Christmas
- They will be seeing Tony on Tuesday
- Shinta will be taking course again on Friday
4. We can often use future continuous when we talk about planned activities or events in
the future
For Examples: - We shall be leaving at 7.00 in the evening
- She will be giving the first presentation at the conference
5. It is express to polite question about somebody’s intention
For Examples: - Will you be working in here?
- Will you be coming home?
- Will they be staying here?
6. Expresses the idea that two actions will be happening at the same time (parallel action)
For Examples: -While you are sleeping, I will be studying mathematic
- He will be writing an article while you are coming
- She will be reading a book while her mother is cooking
3.2.3 Time Signal
Time signal that are usually used in the future continuous:
- At this time tomorrow morning/evening
- At 7 o’clock this morning/evening
- In July/August
- On Tuesday/Friday
Note
REMEMBER: There is no Future for Time Clauses
Like any of the Future Tenses, Future Continuous cannot be used in sentences
beginning with: while, when, before, by the time, if, etc.
By the time he will arrive, you will be finishing your painting. Not Correct
By the time he arrives, you will be finishing your painting. Correct (Note “arrives”
3.3 Future Perfect Tense
3.3.1 Form
Future perfect tense is used for an action which at given future time will be in the
past or will just have finished. The future perfect tense is used to state an action that
occurs into the future until a later time in the future or to state an event or action that will
finish before another action event in the future.
a. Affirmative Sentence
Pattern: S + Will/Shall + Have + V III + O
For Examples: - She will has finished this work by next June
- By next week I shall have read this book
- Ita will has done her work by next week
b. Negative Sentence
Pattern: S + Will/Shall + Not + Have + V III + O
For Examples: - We shall not finished my school next year
- By next November, I will not received my promotion
- By next month. I will have given something for you
For negative sentence in future perfect, we may also contract ill with won’t and shall with
shan’t
For Examples: - I shan’t have graduated from Cambridge University by July 2009
- My uncle won’t have retired by next month
c. Interrogative Sentence
For Examples: -Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back
from the England?
- Will they have finished their work by the end of this week?
- Shall you have read your book by next week?
3.3.2 Function
1. It is used to express a complete action before something in the future.
The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in
the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the
future.
For Examples: - By next November, I will have received my promotion
- By the time we finish the course, we will have taken the test
- I shall have finished all this typing by 5 pm
2. It is express future action that will be completed prior to a specific future time
For Examples: - I will have finished all this typing by 5 pm
- By November next year, I will have had my one year relation with
him.
- I shall have read this book by next week
3.3.3 Time Signal
Time Signal that is usually used in the future perfect tense:
- Before
- By Tomorrow/7 o’clock/next month etc
Note
REMEMBER: There is no Future for Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with time
expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.
Instead of Future Perfect, Present Perfect is used
I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Not Correct
I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. Correct (Note “have
finished” because of “when”)
3.4 Future Perfect Continuous Tense
3.4.1 Form
Future perfect continuous is used for an action that occurs before a certain time or
another action in the future, with the emphasis on the continuous of the action.
a. Affirmative Sentence
Pattern: S + Will/Shall + Have + been + V1 + Ing + O
For Examples: - We will have been living here for 2 years by the end of this year.
- I shall have been studying English for 5 years by next month.
- On the New Year he will have been teaching for 10 years.
b. Negative Sentence
Pattern: S + Will/Shall + not + Have + been + V1 + Ing + O
For Examples: - We shall not have been going to Medan next week
- I will not have been living in Chicago tomorrow
For negative sentence in future perfect continuous, we may also contract will with won’t
and shall with shan’t
For Examples: - They won’t have been teaching in here for 5 years
- We shan’t have been climbing the mountain
c. Interrogative Sentence
Pattern: Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V Ing
For Examples: - Will they have been waiting for more than two hours when her
plane finally arrives?
- Will James has been teaching at the University for more than a
year?
- Shall you have been going to England next week?
3.4.2 Function
1. It is to express a durative or habitual action that is taking place in the present and that
will continue into the future up until or through a specific future time.
For Examples: -By next year, I shall have been working for Japan company for ten
years
- On Christmas Eve our family will have been living in Surabaya for
seven years
- By the end of this year we shall have been studying Japanese for
2. To express cause something in the future
Using the future perfect continuous before another action in the future is a good way to
show cause and effect.
For Examples: - Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been
jogging for two years
- Claudia’s English will be perfect when she returns to Indonesia
because she will have been learning English In the United State
For over three years.
3.4.3 Time Signal
Time Signal that is used in the future perfect continuous tense
- By the end of this year
- By this time next...
- For… by…
Notes
REMEMBER: There is no Future for Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Future Perfect Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning
with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if,
unless
For Example:
You won't get a promotion until you will have been working here as long as Tim. Not
Correct
You won't get a promotion until you have been working here as long as Tim. Correct
4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
4.1 Conclusions
From the explanation above, the writers makes the conclusion as follow:
1. Future tense is the tense that is used to express the activities or event in the future. And
in English grammar there are four kinds of tenses that express the activities or event in
the future, they are:
a. Simple Future tense is used to express a future action which will be
undertaken by the speaker in accordance with his wishes.
b. Future continuous tense is used to express an action, which start before the
time and probably continuous after it in the future time.
c. Future perfect tense is used for an action which at given future time will be
in the past or will just have finished.
d. Future perfect continuous tense is used for an action that occurs before a
certain time or another action in the future, with the emphasis on the
continuous nature of the action.
2. No future for Time Clauses
All future forms can not be used in clauses beginning with time expression such as:
when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless. .
For Examples:
He will be working when we will arrive. Not correct
He will be working when we arrive. Correct (NOTE "we arrive" because of "when" - not
4.2 Suggestions
Language is used as the means of communication. Communication needs
relationship. To accomplish this relationship we needs a communication that is
understood in all of the country, the famous one is using English as an international
language. Though English, especially tenses have been taught since in a primary school
until in a university, there are certain mistakes even advanced students make again and
again. Based on this conclusion some suggestions are given to increase students
achievement in solving tenses:
1. The students should do more exercise about time expression, regular and
irregular verbs, and learn to separate all kinds of tenses.
2. The lecturer and the teacher, especially who teaches English Grammar, should
be able to explain about the form and function of each tenses clearly.
3. The students or the readers do more further research to get more explanation
and information about tenses especially future tense
Finally, the writer realized that this paper is far from being perfect, commentary
and suggestion concerning about this paper will be highly appreciated. The writer, expect
this paper can provide something helpful for readers in studying tenses especially future
tense. The writer hopes the other students will write other aspects of grammar on their
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