Ammonia removal characteristics by biofilter using inorganic carriers seeded with nitriifying bacteria enriched from night soil sludge

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The 10

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Odor Research Association

June 6, 1997

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1. Catalytic Combustion System

2. The outline and performance of plasma deodorizer

3. Treatment Efficiency and Maintenance of Deodorizing Apparatus at Night soil Treatment Facilities

4. Odor control of material or assembled article applied to Japanese Experiment Module all ached to ISS

5. Adaptation of Biological Deodorization for Acetaldehyde

6. Halophilic bacteria utilizing NH! as a sole source of nitrogen

7. Deodorization using ammonia utilizing bacteria

8. Bacterial community in a deodorizing apparatus for ammonia gas

9. Evaluation of some inorganic substances as a carrier of biofilter

10. Odor Substances From Compost Facilities

11. A Study on Behavior of Ammonia in Biological Treatment of Organic Waste

12. Odor Emission Load in Life·Cycle Assessment for Kitchen Refuse

13. Results of Ability Measurements of Commercial Deodorants

14. Photocatalytic Degradation of Odorants Using Ti01 Coating Beads (1)

15. Determination of influencing factors on human acceptability of odors

16. Measurement of Environmental Odor at Ichihara area in Chiba Prefec.

S. Ujino

Y. Maeda

H. Okabe, K. Niki,

K. Hisakawa, H. Omori, M. Osako.

S. Sasaki, E. Hashimoto,

K. Imagawa, T. Nagano

M. Nitta, H. Hiura

R. Osawa, T. Ogawa

T. Ogawa, R. Osawa

T. Kanagawa, E. Go,

K. Yamada

M. Kamamoto, M. Yani, . / ' . M. Hirai, M. Shoda

V

M. Takahashi, A. Hasegawa

M. Kato, R. Koshida, M. Osaka, K.Kawamura, Y.Inoue, M.Tanaka

K. Shigeoka, M. Osaka

J. Masuda, J. Fukuyama, H. Itoh, T. Kinuta

J. Fukuyama. T. Sagawa

T. Higuchi, M. Mitsuda, M. Osaka

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itsuyo Hirai, and Makoto Shoda· Ammonia Removal Characteristics by Biofilter Using Inorganic Carriers

Seeded with Nitrifying Bacteria Enriched from Night Soil Sludge

Tokyo Institute of Technology,

.__ duction Ammonia removal by biofilters was conducted mainly using organic packing-materials as a

carrier like peat (1,2) or wood bark (3), but inorganic packing materials (4,5) were rarely used.

In

this study, as inorganic packing materials, porous ceramic (A) and foamed inorganic material covered with glass layer

(C) which was porous and light, were used. To shorten the acclimation period, nitrifYing bacteria enriched

from night soil sludge were applied to biofilters. The ammonia removal characteristics by A and C biofilters

were investigated.

Materials and methods NitrifYing bacteria enriched in P-medium (6) for 10 days were harvested by

centrifugation, washed, and then resuspended in P-medium. This suspension was applied to biofilters with A

and C as a packing material. The initial cell number of nitrifying bacteria was at an average of 10' cellslkg-,

dry material. Characteristics of packing materials were previously reported (5). Condition of temperature,

pH of packed bed, analysis of ammonia in air and analysis of nitrite and nitrate are the same as previously

reported (2). The drain water was resprayed to the packed bed everyday. When the nitrite concentration

reached about 8000 ppm, the drain water was disposed and the packed beds were sprayed with fresh P-medium

without ammonium sulfate. The operational conditions and removal characteristics of biofilters are shown in

Table 1.

Table 1. Operational conditions and comparison of anullonia removal characteristics of A and C biofilters seeded with nitrifYing bacteria enriched from night soil sludge.

Packing material Porous ceramic (A) Foamed material (C)

Packing density (kg-dry materia1JL) 0.13

Ammonia gas flow

Inlet concentration (ppm)

0.24

60 - 170 Flow rate (Llmin)

60 - 200

0.4 - 1.6 0.4 - 1.4

Load (g-Nlkg dry materia1Jd) . 0.26 - 2.87 0.24 - 2.29

Ammonia removal characteristics

Complete removal (g-Nlkg dry materiaVd) 1.5

Maximum removal capacity (g-Nlkg dry materia1Jd) 2.1

2.1

Average removal ratio (%)

2.9

95 88

Results and discussion We have ｳｨｯｾ＠ high complete removal of ammonia by A and C biofilters seeded

with sludge at 1.5 g-Nlkg-dry materia1Jd which reached in 60d (4), In this study, enriched nitrifying bacteria

and high ammonia concentration were initially introduced to biofilters. Figures I and 3 show the result

About 80 ppm ammonia was introduced to the biofilters at load of 0.25 g-NIkg-dry materials/d for the first 2

weeks and then the load was increased gradually up to 2.87 g-Nlkg dry AId amf 2.29 g-Nlkg dry C/d (Figs. Ic

and 3c), respectively. The acclimation period of both biofilters was observed at about 9d (Figs. la and 3a),

which was faster than about 20d of acclimation period of peat (2) or activated carbon fiber (ACF) biofilters

seeded with night soil sludge (2,4).

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300

From the relationship between load and removal capacity (Figs. 2 and 4), complete removal of A and C was observed at 2.1 g-Nlkg-dry AId and 1.5 g-Nlkg-dry C/d, respectively, which reached in I7d (Figs. Ic and 3c). In A and C biofilters seeded with sludge (4), complete removal at 1.5 g-Nlkg dry materialld reached in 60d.

The physical characteristics of A and C are almost similar (4), but the ammonia removal characteristic of material A is better than that of C (fable 1), indicating that affinity of enriched nitrifying bacteria on the porous of packing material A is higher than C.

References: (1) Hartikainen, T., Ruuskanen, J., Vanhatalo, M., and Martikainen, PJ. 1996, Environ,Technol.,

17:45-53. (2) Yani, M., Hirai, M., and Shoda, M. 1998. J.Ferment.Bioeng. 85(5) (in press). (3) Weckhuysen,

B., Vriens, L., Verachtert., H. 1994. Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol., 42:147-152. (4) Yam, M., Hirai, M., and Shoda, M. 1996. ProceedAnnMeet.Odor.Res. 9th in Japan; (5) Kamamoto, M., Yani, M., Hirai, M., and Shoda, M. 1997. Proceed AnnMeet.Odor.Res.

/d

h in Japan; (6) Lewis, RF. and Pramer, D. 1958. J.Bacteriol.,

76:524-528.

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Fig. I. Ammonia removal by A biofiller seeded with nitrifying bacteria Fig. 3. Ammonia removar by C biofilter seeded with nitrifying bacteria enri"bed from night soil sludge: (a) inlet and outlet ammonia concentration, enriched from night soil sludge: (al inlet and outlet ammonia concentration, (b) spac.. ""Iodty,and (c) load and removal capacity. (b) space velocity, and (c) load and removal capacity.

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Maximum remov.1 copacity Complete removal

4

Lo.d (I·Nlkg dry AId) Load (g.Nlkg-dry Cld)

Fig. 2. Relationship between load and removal capacity Fig. 4. Relationship between load lIod removal capacity of ammonia in A biofilter seeded with nitrifying bacteria of ammonia in C biotiUer seeded with nitrifying bacteria enriched from night soil sludge.

o 1 2 3

enriched from nigh I soil sludge.

Key word : ammonia removal, nitrifying bacteria, biofilter, inorganic carrier

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