The Description Of Dictatorship In George Orwell’s Novel “Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)

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THE DESCRIPTION OF DICTATORSHIP IN GEORGE ORWELL’S NOVEL “NINETEEN EIGHTY FOUR (1984)”

A PAPER WRITTEN

BY

WENNY SURYANI AMELYA B REG. NO: 122202030

DIPLOMA –III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA MEDAN

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It has been proved by Supervisor,

NIP. 19630216 198903 1 003

Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum.

Submitted to Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English Study Program

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program,

NIP. 19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.

The examination is held on July 2015

Faculty of Culture Study, University of North Sumatera Dean,

NIP. 19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.

Board of Examiners Signature

1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP)

2. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum. (Supervisor)

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, WENNY SURYANI AMELYA B, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed : ...

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : WENNY SURYANI AMELYA B

Title of Paper : The Description of Dictatorship in George Orwell’s Novel “Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)”

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the direction of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed : ...

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iii ABSTRACT

The paper is entitled The Description of Dictatorship in George Orwell's Novel "Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)". It discusses about the dictatorship that carried out by the party against party members and the citizen in London precisely in the Oceania region. The Description of Dictatorship in George Orwell's Novel "Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)" is a novel written by George Orwell which made his name famous all over the world.The Writer interested analyze this novel, because "the Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)" is a sharp satire, presents an overview of his totalitarian societies yield the future of that inside every citizen's motion is studied,every word spoken is bugged, and every thought controlled. The writer uses method of descriptive qualitative which explain the data. And the writer also does library research that uses some literature books. In this paper, after the writer read and analyze the Novel "Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)", the writer makes the interpretation and conclusion about it. The writer hopes this paper can be entertain and provide knowledge about the dictatorship that carried out by a party to the reader.

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iv ABSTRAK

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank to my Father, Jesus Christ, for all the blessing and gives me health, strength, and inspiration to finish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Diploma Study Program, University of Sumatera Utara.

• Special thanks go to my amazing mom,Dra.Herdina Sembiring for

supporting, loving, caring, praying, and believing in me.I present this paper for you mom.

• My beloved sister,Gusty Bella Raskita B who always make me

precious.May we always become pride children for our mom.

• Thank you to Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., as the Dean of Faculty of

Culture.

• Thank you to Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, MA as the Head of English

Diploma Study Program,who gives me advices to finish this paper.

• Thank you to Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum, as my supervisor, who

gives me corrections and advices to finish this paper.

• Thank you for all the lecturers in English Diploma Study Program for

giving me knowledges.

• Thank you for all my D-III English 2012 friends.

• Thank you for all my PERMATA GBKP RUNGGUN MANDALA

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• Thank you for my close friends: Naomi Maria Agusthine

Sibarani,Fauziah Marpaung,Susy Rukmana Putri Sihaloho,Debby Maria Fransischa Siahaan,Dessy Ratna Sari Kaban,Margareth Hutapea,Lestari Natassia Manurung,Bonifasia Kacaribu,Roly Christy Tambunan,Marlina Surya Indriani Siagian,Dame Diarnita Sianipar,Florencia Meyrena Pratiwi,Monica Siagian,Erydha Pratiwi Silaen,Annisa Fitri, and Nanda Ria E Saragih who gives me supports,prays,inspirations,jokes and always be there for me.I really love you,all.

• Thank you for Yogi Aroon Sidabariba,Petrus Suryo Kuncoro, and

Markus Gultom who always accompany me and protect me like his sister and honestly i feel jealous with their girlfriends,i think they are mine.

• Thank you for all my KAKR GBKP students.

• Thank you for all Sunday School Teachers KAKR KMKJ

Medan, July 2015 The Writer,

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REFERENCES ... 30

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iii ABSTRACT

The paper is entitled The Description of Dictatorship in George Orwell's Novel "Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)". It discusses about the dictatorship that carried out by the party against party members and the citizen in London precisely in the Oceania region. The Description of Dictatorship in George Orwell's Novel "Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)" is a novel written by George Orwell which made his name famous all over the world.The Writer interested analyze this novel, because "the Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)" is a sharp satire, presents an overview of his totalitarian societies yield the future of that inside every citizen's motion is studied,every word spoken is bugged, and every thought controlled. The writer uses method of descriptive qualitative which explain the data. And the writer also does library research that uses some literature books. In this paper, after the writer read and analyze the Novel "Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)", the writer makes the interpretation and conclusion about it. The writer hopes this paper can be entertain and provide knowledge about the dictatorship that carried out by a party to the reader.

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iv ABSTRAK

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

According to Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs(1993:2) classify prose into fiction prose and non-fiction prose. Fiction is originally meant anything made up or shaped, the prose stories based on the author’s creation and imagination. It includes myths, parables, novels, romances, and short stories. On the other hand, non-fiction is literary works which describe or interpret facts, present judgments, and opinions. It consists of news reports, essays, magazines, newspapers, historical biographical works and many other forms of communication.

One of the most important aspects of the major novel is the interaction of contrary. Contradiction among characters makes both figures more real, but the characters also act on one another and develop as a result of these interactions, which is often most of what a main stream novel is about. Character in a novel is not as puzzling as character in real life, a novel is short: it is a work of art, so it is selective character in novel rather as we do in real life; from people’s actions, from what they say about themselves, from what other say about them.

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accounts,reports,biographies,autobiographies,letters,and personal memoirs and meditations.

Eagleton(1983:1)says, “There have been various attempts do define literature.You can define it,for example as “imaginative” writing in the sense of fiction-writing which is not really true.But even the briefest reflection on what people commonly include under the heading of literature suggests that this will do.” Literature as imaginative writing is reflected from people thought,that is not really true.Eagleton(1983:9) also says “ Literature in the sense of a set of works of assured and unalterable value,distinguished by certain shared inherent properties,does not exist.” In other word,literature work has value of sense that can not be changed.

Peck and Coyle (1984:102) say, “Novel reflects a move away from an essentially religious view of life towards a new interest in the complexities of everyday experience. “In other word,they say that most novel are concerned with ordinary people and their problems in the societies in which they find themselves.Some of novels are fictions and some based on true stories.” The novels are entertained and also give meaning messages to the readers.It also can impress the readers.

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or are cognitive instrument: and those who distruct stories as evidence should consider how often in conversation we use them to make points or answer question.” It means that we can learn about things were or are cognitive instruments from a novel.

Wellek and Warren(1971:3) says: “Literature is the mirror of human life that potrays human feeling,thought,imagination and perception which can be viewed based on personal judgement.” In other word,literature constitutes the imaginative act from the human’s imagination and interpreting life-experiences.Literature transforms and intensifies ordinary language,deviates systematically from everyday speech.Esten(1978:9) says, “Literature is literary or disclosure of the facts artistic and imaginative as a manifestation of human life(and society)thought language as a medium and has a positive effect on human life(humanity).”

1.2 Problem of the Study

The problem of the study is how the citizen and the party member dictatored by Big Brother in 1984?

1.3 Scope of the Study

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4 1.4 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of study is to analyze and explain about the dictatorship conducted by Big Brother as the leader of party in 1984.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is divide into two sections,they are:

• Theoritically Significance,the significance of the study is to enrich in

terms novel

• Practically Significance,the reader will understand about party and

dictatorship in this novel and the reader will know the story in the “Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)” novel

1.6 Method of Study

In writing this paper, the writer collected some research methods, such as data collecting method and method of data analysis. In data collecting, the sources of data were taken from books and other sources such as internet and literary criticism. Since this research is focused on documented data, the research is better known as library research. The method of analysis is descriptive in terms of describing the intrinsic elements as portrayed in the novel “Nineteen Eighty Four(1984)”.The writer has two steps in writing this paper. First, the writer read the novel “Nineteen Eighty Four(1984)” several times to make her understand about the story.

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The last, the writer browsed data from internet to look for the compliment sources and also to know the biography of the writer, and then the writer made interpretation and analysis before coming to the conclusions about it.

1.6.1 Chart of the Method of Research

To make the readers understand about it,the writer makes a chart of the method of the study.Look at the chart below:

RESULT

Read the novel selected the quotations of the

novel Researcher

Sources of data

1. George Orwell “Nineteen Eighty Four(1984)” Novel

2. Some books: literary books 3. Internet

The quotations

that selected are data

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2. REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Party

According to literary convention a discussion should be introduced by a definition of its subjects.Pat definition may simplify discussion but they do not necessarily promote understanding.A search for the fundamental nature of party is complicated by the fact that “party” is a word of many meanings.Indeed,the genus party comprehends many species.To define sharply one party may be to exclude another,for the role of party may differ from country to country.Moreover,even within the same political order the term “party” may be applied to different elements of the governing system.An approach more indirect than the proposal of a two-sentence definition may lead toward a comprehension of the basic nature of party in the American system: the nature of parties must be sought through an appreciation of their role in the process of governance. (Thomas Y.Crowell 1967:200)

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varies.That a party has entered government does not necessarily mean that it,or indeed its coalition partners,moves public policies in the direction it wants.Nor is it the case that,for those in office,it is always to the victors,the spoils,in some regimes being in government provides relatively few means of rewarding either the party’s movers and shakers’ or its faithful members.

Furthermore,the relative importance of public policy,on the one hand,and office and its rewards,on the other,varies enormously between regimes and also over time.A comparison will help to illustrate this point.During the Jacksonian era (1829-37) and for decades afterwards American parties used control of government to reward their supporters,at the city level,for example,employess served ‘at the pleasure of the mayor’,which meant that they could lose their jobs if they ceased to help their party or subsequently the other party won the mayoral election.It was a system driven primarily by office goals and not policy goals,there were policy differences between the parties,but party competition did not involve conflict over radically different political agendas.This use of government looks very different from that made by,say,the 1945-51 Labour government in Britain.

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8 2.2 Dictatorship

The word of Dictator comes from the Latin language is Dictare, which states as a command, a holder of absolute power in running the state government (Encyclopedia of Indonesia, 1989: 822). According to Franz L. Neuman in the Journal of Political Science (1993: 39) dictator is "government by a person or group of people who brag and monopolize power in the country and implement the rule without restriction". Understanding the dictator was also put forward by Jules Archer (1985: 19), the dictator is a ruler who seek and gain absolute power without regard to the real desires of the people.

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by secret police or by the party intended to oppress society systematically using modern science.

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citizens to do compulsory work or collective services. d. shape, especially aggressive impulsive decision making. Domestic and foreign policy followed by the dictator or the leading political elite often made impulsively and inspired by the dynamic political activism, often based on an ideological Messianism and aims to revamp or discipline of the society. e. work of the wrong political methods and social control. These methods range from intimidation to propaganda, from the imposition of the obligation of obedience to methods of terror.

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3.THE DESCRIPTION OF DICTATORSHIP CONDUCTED BY THE PARTY

Winston Smith,a 39-year-old man,is a civil servant in the Department of Records under the Ministry of truth.Through out his life, Winston has been trying to be good citizens to obey with any rules and commands under the supervision and control out the strict party. Everyone should obey the rules of the party, even though it resides in the hearts and minds of the resistance as well as resistance against the dictatorship. .Winston still comes on every occasion to party. He yells with fist punching to the sky, condemning Goldstein who becomes a prominent opposition. He pretends to be excited for the praise from the Party and the Big Brother.

3.1 Big Brother’s Dictatorship

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for the rulers, or why they act as they do. This is illustrated by the following quotation:

“There seemed to be no color in anything except the post that were plastered everywhere.The black-mustahio’d face gazeddown from every commanding corner. There was one on the house from immediately opposite.BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU,the caption said,while the dark eyes looked deep into Winston’sown (1984,1949: p.2)

3.2 Economic Dictatorship:

Government under communism party is very dominant and powerful. Government decides everything for its people without any equal consideration. The people must obey what the government has decided by exploitating the people under the label of dictatorship. For example, the limited time of using electric power for the worker and company. The government has authority to make the light off so the worker or workers cannot work properly.

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“Even at the best of times it was seldom working, and at present the electric current was cut off during daylight hours. It was part of the economy drive in preparation for Hate Week.” (1984,1949: p.1).

The phrase “hate week” implies how the laborers get angry towards the government policy. The slogan expresses the people’s desparation because the government has restricted their work time. It only happens under the communism country because the people are the government workers. That is why the hate week becomes the symbol of protest to the government.

In company the government takes control by making slogan or advertisement. There is no freedom for the company to decide what they have to do. The government threats that way because they want to show how powerful they are. It sounds political because what has been made must be known by governemnt. Thus, dictatorship is basically meant to say “yes” or to become “yes” man though it is so contradictory with the will of all people.

The economic is also monopolized by the Government, it is visible from the product label that labeled of victory that could be seen from the following quotation:

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“..a metal pannikin of pinkish-grey stew,a hunk of bread, a cube of cheese, a mug of milkless Victory Coffee, and one saccharine tablet..”(1984,1949: p.49-50).

The citizen were banned to shopping to stores in addition to the government-owned shop

"Party members were supposed not to go into ordinary shops" (1984,1949: p.6).

3.3 Party Dictatorship With Technology System

By means of telescreens and hidden microphones across the city, the Party is able to monitor its members almost all of the time. Additionally, the Party employs complicated mechanisms (1984 was written in the era before computers) to exert large-scale control on economic production and sources of information, and fearsome machinery to inflict torture upon those it deems enemies. 1984 reveals that technology, which is generally perceived as working toward moral good, can also facilitate the most diabolical evil. This is illustrated by the following quotation:

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Based on the quotatiton,its reach not limited to telescreens, the Party also places hidden microphones throughout London to monitor the interactions of its constituents.

3.4 Party Using The Code In The Language

The most important messages in 1984 is that language is of central importance to human thought because it structures and limits the ideas that individuals are capable of formulating and expressing. If control of language were centralized in a political agency, Novel 1984 proposes, such an agency could possibly alter the very structure of language to make it impossible to even conceive of disobedient or rebellious thoughts, because there would be no words with which to think them. This idea manifests itself in the language of Newspeak, which the Party has introduced to replace English. The Party is constantly refining and perfecting Newspeak, with the ultimate goal that no one will be capable of conceptualizing anything that might question the Party’s absolute power.

For example,during colonial times, foreign powers took political and military control of distant regions and, as a part of their occupation, instituted their own language as the language of government and business. Postcolonial writers often analyze or redress the damage done to local populations by the loss of language and the attendant loss of culture and historical connection.

“times 3.12.83 reporting bb dayorder doubleplusungood refs unpersons rewrite fullwise upsub antefiling.

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to nonexsistent persons.Rewrite it in full and submit your draft to higher authority before filing.” (1984,1949: p.44)

3.5 Brain Wash Policy

The Party undermines family structure by inducting children into an organization called the Junior Spies, which brainwashes and encourages them to spy on their parents and report any instance of disloyalty to the Party. The Party also forces individuals to suppress their sexual desires, treating sex as merely a procreative duty whose end is the creation of new Party members. The Party then channels people’s pent-up frustration and emotion into intense, ferocious displays of hatred against the Party’s political enemies. Many of these enemies have been invented by the Party expressly for this purpose.

"With those children, he thought, that wretched woman must lead a life of terror. Another year, two years, and they would be watching her night and day for symptoms of unorthodoxy. Nearly all children nowadays were horrible. What was worst of all was that by means of such organizations as the Spies they were systematically turned into ungovernable little savages, and yet this produced in them no tendency whatever to rebel against the discipline of the Party. On the contrary, they adored the Party and everything connected with it." (1984,1949: p.24)

Based on the quotation,the Party seeks to maintain power by severing

private loyalties, replacing them with loyalty to the party. With children, the

success of the Party’s plan is furthered in that the children serve as extra

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17 3.6 The Party Rules

The party makes the policy under the control of their own is to make people aware how great the party is. It also creates dependency for the government that the people must obey the government. There is no room or space to voice right of equality to work as what the people like. To say simply, party dictatorship implies its strength above all. Those who are against the government can be put into prison without trial. Law legitimacy is under the government hand. People must agree what the government has decided as the national policy.

The phrase “Two plus two equals five” is a slogan used specifically in 1984 novel,as an example of an obviously false dogma one may be required to believe,similar to other obviously false slogans by the Party in the novel.It is contrasted with the phrase “two plus two makes four”,the obvious (by definition) – but politically inexpedient-truth. The inner party interrogator of thought-criminals,O’Brien says of the mathematically false statement that control over physical reality is unimportant;so long as one controls one’s own perceptions to what the Party wills,then any conporeal act is possible,in accordance with the principles of doublethink (“Sometimes they are five.Sometimes they are three.Sometimes they are all of them at once”)

“2+2=5” (1984,1949: p.290)

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enemy. The Party forces its members to undergo mass morning exercises called the Physical Jerks, and then to work long, grueling days at government agencies, keeping people in a general state of exhaustion. Anyone who does manage to defy the Party is punished and “reeducated” through systematic and brutal torture. After being subjected to weeks of this intense treatment, Winston himself comes to the conclusion that nothing is more powerful than physical pain—no emotional loyalty or moral conviction can overcome it. By conditioning the minds of their victims with physical torture, the Party is able to control reality, convincing its subjects that 2 + 2 = 5.

“In the far distance a helicopter skimmed down between the roofs, hovered for an instant like a bluebottle, and darted away again with a curving flight. It was the police patrol, snooping into people’s windows.” . “(1984,1949: p.2).

In terms of its life the citizens are not free because every movement of them is set by the government. This is evident from the above quotation that says the helicopter is always watching to every window of the house the residents. A statement showing such things are also present in the following quotation:

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Beside it the life of citizens was made to suffer by the system of slavery and ignorance. This is consistent with the slogan adopted by the government the following:

“WAR IS PEACE

FREEDOM IS SLAVERY

IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH” . “(1984,1949: p.4).

Tricking against civilians is increasingly evident on laws that govern about writing. There explained that the activity of writing is indeed not a thing is illegal but people doing such activities will be executed which can be seen in the following quote:

This was not illegal …that it would be punished by death,…” (1984,1949: p.6)

Based on the quotation also described the structure of governance is divided into several departments such as the following :

“The Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with news, entertainment, education, and the fine arts. The Ministry of Peace, which concerned itself with war. The Ministry of Love, which maintained law and order. And the Ministry of Plenty, which was responsible for economic affairs.” (1984,1949: p.4).

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“The songs, the processions, the banners, the hiking, the drilling with dummy rifles, the yelling of slogans, the worship of Big Brother — it was all a sort of glorious game to them. All their ferocity was turned outwards, against the enemies of the State, against foreigners, traitors, saboteurs, thought-criminals” (1984,1949: p.24).

Emmanuel Goldstein is an authority figure very impunity. Here we can see a very unfair law, in other words a law only applied to those whose poor (citizen).

“…,he was advocating freedom of speech, freedom of the Press, freedom of assembly, freedom of thought, he was crying hysterically that the revolution had been betrayed,…” . “(1984,1949: p.12).

In terms of society also explained that every individu holding individualism principle, they do not know the word friendship, this is illustrated by the following quote:

“Perhaps ’friend’ was not exactly the right word. You did not have friends nowadays, you had comrades:” . “(1984,1949: p.48).

People are not even allowed to establish love, should not enjoy sex, just as love and sex to vent emotions. Emotions are, for the Party, should only be acted by hating enemies and adored the Big Brother.This is illustrated by the following quote:

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indirect way it was rubbed into every Party member from childhood onwards. There were even organizations such as the Junior, Anti-Sex League, which advocated complete celibacy for both sexes. All children were to be begotten by artificial insemination (artsem, it was called in Newspeak) and brought up in public institutions. This, Winston was aware, was not meant altogether seriously, but somehow it fitted in with the general ideology of the Party. The Party was trying to kill the sex instinct, or, if it could not be killed, then to distort it and dirty it. He did not know why this was so, but it seemed natural that it should be so. And as far as the women were concerned, the Party's efforts were largely successful.” (1984,1949: p.65)

3.7 Control of Information and History

The Party controls every source of information, managing and rewriting the content of all newspapers and histories for its own ends. The Party does not allow individuals to keep records of their past, such as photographs or documents. As a result, memories become fuzzy and unreliable, and citizens become perfectly willing to believe whatever the Party tells them. By controlling the present, the Party is able to manipulate the past. And in controlling the past, the Party can justify all of its actions in the present.

He suddenly disappears from life and nothing more and no earlier. So this person will be removed from the history. If for example in the Office, he is in a list of the names ofthe employees, so the person is evaporated, his name will be removed from the list of that name.The people who vaporized usually was potentially a danger to the party. Although it looks are mediocre, sometimes people are too smart to be vaporized. And then this case usually happened at night when people are sleeping.

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“ It was always at night—the arrests invariably happened at night.The sudden jerk out of sleep,the rough hand shaking your shoulder,the lights glaring in your eyes,the ring of hard faces round the bed.In the vast majority of cases there was no trial,no report of the arrest.People simply disappeared,always during at night.Your name was removed from the registers,every record of everything you had ever done was wiped out,your one-time existence was denied and then forgotten.You were abolished,annihilated: vaporized was the usual word” (1984,1949: p.19)

“Day by day,and almost minute by minute the past was brought up to date.In this way every prediction made by the Party could be shown by documentary evidence to have been corect;nor was any item of news,or any expression of opinion,which conflicted with the needs of moment,ever allowed to remain on record.All history was a palimpsest,scraped clean and reinscrabed exactly as often as was necessary.In no case would it have been possible,once the deed was done,to prove that any falsification had taken place.” (1984,1949: p.40)

3.8 Doublethink

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accept the Party ministries’ names, though they contradict their functions: the Ministry of Plenty oversees economic shortages, the Ministry of Peace wages war, the Ministry of Truth conducts propaganda and historical revisionism, and the Ministry of Love is the center of the Party’s operations of torture and punishment.

“Doublethink means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one’s mind simultaneously,and accepting both of them.The Party intellectual knows in which direction his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality;but by the exercise of doublethink he also satisfies himself that reality is not violated.The process has to be conscious,or it would bring with it a feeling of falsity and hence of guilt.” (1984,1949: p.214)

3.9 Urban Decay

Urban decay proves a pervasive motif in 1984. The London is a dilapidated, rundown city in which buildings are crumbling, conveniences such as elevators never work, and necessities such as electricity and plumbing are extremely unreliable. That is the shoddy disintegration of London, just like the widespread hunger and poverty of its inhabitants, is due to the Party’s mismanagement and incompetence. One of the themes of 1984, inspired by the history of twentieth-century communism, is that totalitarian regimes are viciously effective at enhancing their own power and miserably incompetent at providing for their citizens. The grimy urban decay in London is an important visual reminder of this idea, and offers insight into the Party’s priorities through its contrast to the immense technology the Party develops to spy on its citizens. This is illustrated by the following quote:

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face of a man of about forty-five,with a heavy black mustache and ruggedly handsome features.Winston made for the stairs.It was no use trying the lift.Even at the best of times it was seldom working,and at present the electric was cut off during daylight hours.It was part of the economy drive in preparation for Hate week.The flat was seven flights up,and Wiston,who was thirty nine,and had a varicose ulcer above his right ankle,resting several times on the way.” (1984,1949: p.1) and “Victory Mansions were old flats,built in 1930 or thereabouts,and were falling to pieces.The plaster flaked constantly from ceiling and walls,the pipes burst in every hard frost,the roof leaked whenever there was snow,the heating system was usually running at half steam when it was not closed down altogether from motives of economy.Repairs,except what you could do for yourself,had to be sanctioned by remote committees which were liable to hold up even the mending of a window pane for two years.” (1984,1949: p.21)

3.10 Party Propaganda

By deliberately weakening people’s memories and flooding their minds with propaganda, the Party is able to replace individuals’ memories with its own version of the truth. It becomes nearly impossible for people to question the Party’s power in the present when they accept what the Party tells them about the past—that the Party arose to protect them from bloated, oppressive capitalists, and that the world was far uglier and harsher before the Party came to power. Winston vaguely understands this principle. He struggles to recover his own memories and formulate a larger picture of what has happened to the world. Winston buys a paperweight in an antique store in the prole district that comes to symbolize his attempt to reconnect with the past. Symbolically, when the Thought Police arrest Winston at last, the paperweight shatters on the floor.

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chopper to chop off your head!” This is an important foreshadow, as it is the telescreen hidden behind the picture that ultimately leads the Thought Police to Winston, symbolizing the Party’s corrupt control of the past. This is illustrated by the following quote:

“Winston wondered vaguely to what century the church belonged.It was always difficult to determine the age of a London building.Anything large and impressive,if it was reasonably new in appearance,was automatically claimed as having been built since the Revolution,while anything that was obviously of earlier date was ascribed to some dim period called the Middle Ages.The centuries of capitalism were hold to have produced nothing of any value.One could not learn history from architecture any more than one could learn it from books.Statues,inscriptions,memorial stones,the names of streets—anything that might throw light upon the past had been systematically altered.” (1984,1949: p.98)

3.11 Espionage

Espionage, commonly known as spying.Espionage is the act of securing information of a military or political nature that a competing nation holds secret. It can involve the analysis of diplomatic reports, publications, statistics, and broadcasts, as well as spying, a clandestine activity carried out by an individual or individuals working under secret identity to gather classified information on behalf of another entity or nation.

This is illustrated by the following quote:

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4.CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

4.1 Conclusions

After analyzing the description of dictatorship in George Orwell “Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)”, conclusions could be drawn as follows:

a. Big Brother’s Dictatorship is the condition in which the head of the Party takes control his member party and his citizen to obey all of Party policy. b. Economic Dictatorship is the condition in which the economic is also

monopolized by the head of the Party.

c. Party Dictatorship With Technology System is advanced condition where the Party member and the citizen monitored by the head of Party with technology system.

d. Party Using The Code In The Language is the secret word used by the head of Party to trick his Party member and his citizen.

e. Brain Wash Policy is something to cultivate a particular program or idea and make every doctrine that became the paradigm of living in one's mind to build mental and loyalty to the party so that the party can take full control of the lives of his followers.

f. The Party Rules is the things are decided and become party policy to the party members and the citizen.

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h. Doublethink is Doublethink is the ability to hold two contradictory opinions at the same time about the same question, remaining untroubled by the contradiction and expressing one opinion or the other as the convenience of the Party requires it.

i. Urban Decay is Urban decay, in simpler terms, is the gradual falling apart of a previously functional city or town. Urban decay may be caused by deindustrialization, economic breakdown, and failure of businesses, which in turn leads to increasing crime rates, growing unemployment, and rising poverty in the area. This condition is evident from abandoned buildings, overrun sewers, trash and rubble on the streets, and a desolate landscape. j. Party Propaganda is information which is false or which emphasizes just

one part of a situation, used by a government or political group to make people agree with them.

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29 4.2Suggestions

a. The readers can more clearly understand about dictatorship that explained in the novel.Although the 1984 era is past, but the value social portrait of this tale is still very relevant.

b. The writer hopes that this paper helps us to imagine or conceive of political life in the future.

c.This novel shows how lucky to be alive have love, still independent, not be forced to admit incoherence as the truth.

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REFERENCES

Bale, Tim . 2010.The Conservative Party From Thatcher to Cameron. Cambridge: Polity Press

Crowell, Thomas Y. 1967. Politics, Parties & Pressure Groups Fifth Edition.New York: Vail-Ballou Press

Eagleton, Terry. 1983. Literary Theory. Hongkong: SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd. Hadi, Sutrisno. 2004. Metodologi Research. Yogyakarta: Andi

Neumann, F.1957. The Democratic and the Authoritarian State. New York: Free Press of Glencoe

Orwell,George ; penerjemah Simatupang Landung. 2014. 1984. Yogyakarta: PT Bentang Pustaka

Orwell, George.1949. 1984. New York: Books Penguin Group

Peck, Jhon and Martin Coyle.1986. Literary Terms and Critism. Beirut: Longman Group Limited.

Roberus, Edgar V and Henry E. Jacobs. 1987. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Pretice Hall,Inc.

Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2014. Sastra Inggris: Metode Penelitian. Medan, FIB: Unpublished

Ware, Alan.1996. Political Parties and Party Systems. New York: Oxford University Press

Waston, George.1979. The Story of the Novel. London : The Macmillan Press Ltd.

Whitla,William. 2010. The English Handbook; A Guide to Literary Studies. United Kingdom : Willey-Blackwell Press

Teori Diktator. Retrieved from

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31 APPENDICES

Summary of “Nineteen Eighty-four (1984)”

The story unfolds on a cold April day in 1984 in Oceania, the totalitarian superpower in post World War II Europe. Winston Smith, employed as a records (no, not vinyl) editor at the Ministry of Truth, drags himself home to Victory Mansions (nothing victorious about them) for lunch. Depressed and oppressed, he starts a journal of his rebellious thoughts against the Party. If discovered, this journal will result in his execution. Nowthat’s playing with fire. For the sake of added precautions, Winston only writes when safe from the view of the surveying telescreens. And when that shot of industrial grade "Victory Gin" kicks in.

At work, Winston becomes curious about "the brunette" (a.k.a. Julia), a machine-operator in the Fiction Department. Although at one time he feared that she was a member of the Thought Police, all such paranoia ends when she slips him a note reading "I love you" in the corridor one day. The two begin a secret love affair, first meeting up in the countryside, and then in a rented room atop Mr. Charrington’s shop in the prole district. All of these places are away from surveillance – or so they think.

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Winston thinks is a member of the Brotherhood, but who in actuality is a member of the Thought Police. O’Brien arranges for Winston to receive a copy of "the book," a resistance manifesto which supposedly exposes the how and the why for the resistance.

Unfortunately, Winston never finds out the why. Instead, he gets tortured. But before the torturing, he and Julia are apprehended by the Thought Police. Turns out that secret hiding place wasn’t so secret after all. The happy couple is then brought to the Ministry of Love, where criminals and opponents of the Party are tortured, interrogated, and "reintegrated" before their release and ultimate execution. O’Brien runs the show as far as Winston’s torture sessions are concerned.

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33 Biography of George Orwell

George Orwell was an English novelist, essayist, and critic most famous for

his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-four (1949).

Synopsis

Born Eric Arthur Blair in Motihari, Bengal, India, in 1903, George Orwell, novelist, essayist and critic, went on to become best known for his novels Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four.

Early Life

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The son of a British civil servant, George Orwell spent his first days in India, where his father was stationed. His mother brought him and his older sister, Marjorie, to England about a year after his birth and settled in Henley-on-Thames. His father stayed behind in India and rarely visited. (His younger sister, Avril, was born in 1908.) Orwell didn't really know his father until he retired from the service in 1912. And even after that, the pair never formed a strong bond. He found his father to be dull and conservative.

According to one biography, Orwell's first word was "beastly." He was a sick child, often battling bronchitis and the flu. Orwell was bit by the writing bug at an early age, reportedly composing his first poem around the age of four. He later wrote, "I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued." One of his first literary successes came at the age of 11 when he had a poem published in the local newspaper.

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After completing his schooling at Eton, Orwell found himself at a dead end. His family did not have the money to pay for a university education. Instead he joined the India Imperial Police Force in 1922. After five years in Burma, Orwell resigned his post and returned to England. He was intent on making it as a writer.

Early Career

After leaving the India Imperial Force, Orwell struggled to get his writing career off the ground. His first major work, Down and Out in Paris and London, (1933) explored his time eking out a living in these two cities. Orwell took all sorts of jobs to make ends meet, including being a dishwasher. The book provided a brutal look at the lives of the working poor and of those living a transient existence. Not wishing to embarrass his family, the author published the book under the pseudonym George Orwell.

Sometimes called the conscience of a generation, Orwell next explored his overseas experiences in Burmese Days, published in 1934. The novel offered a dark look at British colonialism in Burma, then part of the country's Indian empire. Orwell's interest in political matters grew rapidly after this novel was published. Also around this time, he met Eileen O'Shaughnessy. The pair married in June 1936, and Eileen supported and assisted Orwell in his career.

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were indicted on treason charges in Spain. Fortunately, the charges were brought after the couple had left the country.

Other health problems plagued the talented writer not long after his return to England. For years, Orwell had periods of sickness, and he was officially diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1938. He spent several months at the Preston Hall Sanatorium trying to recover, but he would continue to battle with tuberculosis for the rest of his life. At the time he was initially diagnosed, there was no effective treatment for the disease.

To support himself, Orwell took on all sorts of writing work. He wrote numerous essays and reviews over the years, developing a reputation for producing well-crafted literary criticism. In 1941, Orwell landed a job with the BBC as a producer. He developed news commentary and shows for audiences in the eastern part of the British Empire. Orwell enticed such literary greats as T. S. Eliot and E. M. Forster to appear on his programs. With World War II raging on, Orwell found himself acting as a propagandist to advance the country's side. He loathed this part of his job and resigned in 1943. Around this time, Orwell became the literary editor for a socialist newspaper.

Later Works

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main protagonists. These pigs were said to represent Josef Stalin and Leon Trotsky. The novel brought Orwell great acclaim and financial rewards.

In 1949, Orwell published another masterwork, Nineteen Eighty-Four (or 1984 in later editions). This bleak vision of the world divided into three oppressive nations stirred up controversy among reviewers, who found this fictional future too despairing. In the novel, Orwell gave readers a glimpse into what would happen if the government controlled every detail of a person's life, down to their own private thoughts.

Nineteen Eighty-Four proved to be another huge success for the author, but he had little time to enjoy it. By this time, Orwell was in the late stages of his battle with tuberculosis. He died on January 21, 1950, in a London hospital. He may have passed away all too soon, but his ideas and opinions have lived on through his work. Both Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four have been turned into films and have enjoyed tremendous popularity over the years.

Personal Life

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The Description Of Dictatorship In George Orwell’s Novel “Nineteen Eighty Four (1984)