CFD Analysis of Bubble Distribution in Non-Catalytic Reactor for Production of Biodiesel Fuel

(1)

ISSNI

:

zo88-8

86+

Proceeding

ZO11

lnternatfonal

Conference and

Exhibition

Sustainable Energy

and

Advanced

Material

SUSTAINABLE

ENERGY

SUPPORTED

BY

ADVANCED

MATERIAL

TECH

NOLOGI

ES

F]:kt'"

#'ffi

t. 't,,..

Surakarta,

Octob

er

3-4'n,

zott

(2)

Chairman

Dr.

techn. Suyitno

Universitas Sebelas Maret, lndonesia

Organizing

Committee

Dody

Ariawan

t-.lniversitas Sebelas Maret, lndonesia

Didik Dioko

S.

Safarudin

Ghazali

Herawan

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,

Malaysia

Mohd"

Azlibin

Salim

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia

DR. Bagas

Wardono

Jubail University College, KSA

Secretary

Ubaidillah

Wahyu

Purwo

Raharjo

Thesaurus

Wibawa

Endra

Juwana

Dharmanto

Advisory

Board

South

East Asia Region

Prof.

Dr.

Kuncoro

Dihardio

LJniversitas Sebelas Maret, lndonesia

Prof.

Dr.

Neng

Sri

Suharty

Prof. Dr.-lng.

Harwin

Saptoadi

Universitas 6ajah Mada, lndonesia

Prof.

Dato'

Dr.

Ahmad

Yusoff

Malaysia

Prof.

Dr.

Md

Razalibin

Ayob

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia

Prof.

Dr.

Md. Radzaibin

Said

Malaysia

Prof. Madya Abd

Salam

bin Md.

I

anrr

Malaysia

Prof. Madya

Juharibin

Ab

Razak

Malaysia

Prof. Madya

Ahmad

Rivai

Malaysia

Dr. Eng.

YuliSetyo

lnstitut Teknoio:

3

--

:-rrq

Dr.

lr.

Rahman

Setirau*mn

lnstitut

Teknolos: 3:

-:

--9,

Dr.

Dipl.lng.

Berkah

Faflnr

Universitas Diponegor:

Dr.

techn.

Rahm i Andanfinfr

lnstitut

Teknologi Sepu

--lndonesia

America

Region

Dr.

techn.

Zainal

Abidin

Southwest Research

lnstit;::

-r'S$'

Europe

Region

Dr.

techn.

Peter

Haselbactrs

TU Craz, Austria

Middle

East Region

DR. Bagas

Wardono

Prof. Madya

Dr. lr.

Abd Talib

bin

Jubail University College,

Kingcc-Din

SaudiArabia

Malaysia

Dr"

Khisbullah

Hudha

Malaysia

Dr.

techn. Suyitno

lr.

Ari

Handono Ramelan,

PhD.

Dr.

rer. nat.

Atmanto

Heru W.

Dr. Eng.

Agus

Purwanto

Dr.Mont. Mohammad

Zaki

Mubarok

(3)

TABI.E GF EONTE&IT

ADVISORY BOARD

TOPICS COVERAGB

PREFACE

TABLEOF

CONTENT KEYNOTEPAPER

I

ii

iii

iv

viii

cFD

Analysis of Eubble Distribution in Non*Catalytic Reactor for Production of Biodiesel Fuel

Dyah Wulandani, Tomaki Miura, Annansyah

H.

Tambunan,Hiroshi Nabetani and Shoii Hagiwara

Real-time Electrical Power Monitoring Designed by using Microcontrolier ATMega-5l Muhammad Nizam, B ambang Kusha$ anta'

Muh'

Thayib

vartical

Axis Marine cunent Twbine Development in Indonesian Hydrodynamic Laboratory-Surabaya for Tidal Fawer Plant

Erwandi,

Alan

K,

F'

Sasako, Rina,

B'

Wiianarko' E' Marta' D' Rahuna

An Experimental study of Leakage Rate through Rubber-seal of LPG Bottle Valve Used in

Household Gas Stove Burner

I Made Kartika Dhiputra, Raka Cahya Pratama'

I

Nym Guni Ridhanta

Study Optimization

of

Jafopha Fruit Coat H1'drolysis Phase

*---'

iraptiningsih,

G. Adinurani, Tony Liwang, salafudin, Leopold, o. Nelwan, YoiePhianus Salcri RaY, Hendroko

Effect of Aluminum Surface Temperature Variations to Heat ftarrsfer Characteristics in Salt

Water DroPlet Collision DYnamics

Slamet Wahyudi, PwtuHadi Setyarini' Surya Calcrawiiaya

Optimizing the Selection of Potential Species of Oil-Producing Microalgae

to-suppott"f"onomic Feasibility of Fiodiesei.Froduction

"Muiizat

Kawaroe, Ayi Rachmat, and Abdul Days

Mitigation of Green House Gases Emission in cassava

Mill:

case study in Lampung,

Indonesia

Udin Hasanudin, Agus Haryanto, Erdi Suroso

The Effeot of Palm Oil Methyl Esthers Blends on the Combustion and Emission of Direct Injeotion Diesel Engine

Bagus Anang Nugroho, Bambang Sugiarto' and Prawoto

A Mathematical Model for Predicting the Performance of a Horizontal Axis River current Turbine with Consideration of Blade Parameters

Ridway Balaka, Aditya Rachtnan, Jenny Delly

Harvesting Energy from Flood Mitigation Ponds Using Water Wheel.

AbitutTalibDin,Mohd.Yaztdothman,Mohd.YuhazriYaakob

Passive Cooling Systemof

aBuilding: ANew

Approach

Md. Hassn.ali, Mohornmad frashud, Md. Mahasin Ali, H M Mehedi Rafique Emission Testing of Diesel Engine Fueling with oxidized Biodiesel

Berknh

Faiar

T.K,

DidikAriwibowo

using Infrared Radiation based Fuzzy Logic for Rice Grain Dryer Ti{ne

contol

Muhammad Nizam, Agus fuIujianto, Bambang Kusharianta' Trt

Irianto

Usage Solar Thennal Technology

ofl{ybridWood

Drying on the Integrated System HP/T

Coliector to Supply Energy in Rural Furnihre Industry

Budi Kristiawan, iuyilno, Danang Apriyanta' A' Fahrny Rezayona

24

61

66

74

100

T

EvllerSEAtvl

2011"

(4)

lt5

123

t28

134

143

151

160 166

174

183

189 199

2t4

22t

233

t

!,

l

t

Using Bionaass Briquette of

Arilicial

Log Waste as Kerosene Substitute in Sterilization

Process of Auricularia sp. Substrate

Budi Kristiawan, Eko prasetya Budiana

Uagrade Biogas Purification in Packed Column with Chemical Absorptior of CO2 For

Energy Altemative Of Small Industry

pKM-Tahu)

Muhammad Ki.smurtono

Design of

low

speed Permanent Magnet Generator for

wind

Energy in Indonesia

Hasyim Asy' ari 1, Aris Budinan, Nurmuntaha Agung

The Effect of Feed Seawaxer and

Air

Temperatures on Performance of a Desalination Unit

of

Heat Pump with Humidification and Dehrrrnidification

Tri Istanta, wibawa Endra Juwana,

Indri

yaningsih, _Dedet_Herrnawan

A Feasibility study on

wind

Energy potential in peninsular Malaysia

Muhammad Hafeez Mohaned

Hariri,

Norizah Mohamad, syafrudin

Masri

CFD Analysis on Cost-effective Pico-hydro Turbine: A Case Study for Low Head and

Low

Flow Rate Condition

Masjuri Musa, ,Iuhari ab. Razak , Md Razali Ayob, Mohd Afzanbam Rosli,

safattdin

Ghazali Herawan, Kamantzzaman Sopian

Design of a Stand-alone Solar photovoltaic powered Bus Stop

MohdAf-zanizamM. R., Mohd ZaidA., Muhd Ridzuan-M., Sivaraa S

Condensation Heat Transfer and Presslre Drop of Steam in a Horizontal pipe Heat Exchanger

Sulramta, Indarto, Purnomo, Tri Agung Rohnat

The Investigation on the Effect of the Blade Numbers on the Performance of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Utilizie

a Parametric Study of the Blade Element Momentum

rn"orv

Ridway Balaka, Aditya Rachman, Jenny

Delly

Fabrication of Zinc

oxide

(Zno) Nanoparticle using Flame Assisted spray pyrolysis Bobie suhendra, Arfida Berliana, Dina Ratnasari, Rano

puji,

tiri^

inoinran,

Suyitno, Agus P ur-ntan to

Fuzzy Logic

Contol

for Spark Advance of Otto Engine

Agus Sujono

Methane steam Reforming to produce _{High Ratio of Hydrogen to carbon Monoxide}

by

Using CFD

Tlpharudin,

Arif

Setyo Nugroho, Suyitno, HeruAtmanto Wibowo

Tlre Effect of Current Rate and Elecfolyte Temperature Wahyu Purwo Rahago, Eka SuroJo

The Effects

ofPANI

Addition to Characteristics of Carbon Composite Bipolarplate

for

PEMFC

Y.Sadeli,

J.

Wahyuadi, B, prihandolo, and S. Harjanto

Design of an FRP Conoposite C-BEAM

Djoko _{Setyanto, Jarnasri, Bambang Suhendro}_,_{AIva Edy Tontowi}

The Influence of Steel Surface Temperature Against the Heat Transfer Characteristics

in

Water Droplet Collision Dlmamics

Puu

Hadi Setyarini, Indravan

Dwi

prasantyo, Slamet Wahyudi Effect of Erbium Doped

lper!,e-n8tn

to the Amplification on Erbium Doped Fiber

Amplifier

Lita Rahmasaril, Yusaf Munajat

l-S-T9v q,nuhtionship

between Process Variables and rffeld Penefation for Gas Metal

Arc

Welding

(GMAW)

s.

Thiru chitrambalam, Tan wee Ming,

Imran

syakir Moharnmad and shafaal bin

'

Mat

A study of Melt Flow Analysis of polycarbonate

(pc)

in Fused Deposition Modelling

207

237

vIICESEAM

2011

(5)

r

291

Process

Ismet P. Ilyas

Characierization of Hydroxyapatite Based Photo Bio:connposites Material As Bone Substitute

Materiai

Joko Triyano, Alva Edy Tcrttowi, Widowati, Rochrnadi

Weldi"g

Current Effect on Mechanical Properties of Spot Welded Dissimilar lvletals between Stainless Steel J4 and Low Carbon Steel

Agustinus Eko Eudi Nusantara, Triyono, Kuncoro

Diharia

Failure mode of Resistance Spot Welded Stiffened Thin Plate Structure

Triyono, Yustiasih Purwaningrum, Ilonal Chamid

PaperHoneycomb Sandwiches Panels under Static 3-Point Bending Md Radzai Said, Mohd

Khairir

Ismail, Syed Ammar bin Syed Putra

Meohanisms of C'"r/PVA/GOD Materials on Different Glucose Concentations and PH Variations

C. A. Dhannawan, Hariane, _Qari,A. Supriyanta

Effect of Ternperature Sintering on Density, Bending Sfength and Water Absorption

of

Composite Organic Wastes-Hdpe Material

Heru Sukanto, Wiiang Wisnu Rahario

Effects of Load Secondary Voltage on Resistanee Spot Weldability of Dissimilar Metals Joint

between SUS3I6L and J4

Martinus Heru P, Triyono, Wiiang Wisnu R, Eko Prasetya Budiana

The Mechanical Properties of Green Polyblend Based on Waste Pollpropylene Filled

in

Variation Particle Size Natural Fiber and Initiator Concenfation Neng Sri Suharty, tsasuki Wiriosentono, Maulidan Firdaus 146{sling of Surface Hardening l-ayer on Transmission Gear

J. Jamari, R. Ismail, and

M.

Tauviqirrahman

Influence of Mechanical

Milling

Rate and Holding Time Sintering on Intennetallic Phase

Formation

ofMetal

Matix

Composite (MMC)

Mg'Al-TiO2

H. Purwaningsih, D. Susanti, R. Rachiem, Firman S, Mangasa

Identification of Tool Damage in Turning Process by Analyzing the Correlation of Actual

Cutting and Feeding Forces Susilo

Adi

Widyanto

Numerical Simulation on the Tooth Movement due to Orthodontic WAe Application

Firman A Kirana and Rachman Setiowan

Comparison of the Extended Reynolds Equation with Slip Length Model and

Two'Slip

Model: an Investigation of Load Support Improvement in Lubricated MEMS

M.

Tauviqirrahman, R. Isrnail, Jamari, D.J. Schippe

The Elastic Vibration Behaviour of Steel Spring for Mechanism of Antilock Brake System

(ABS) onVehicle

Wibowo

Dbsign Optimization Study of Food Extruder Machine for Small and Middle Industry Halomoan P, Siregar, Yose R. Kumiautsn, Andi Taqfan, Satya A' Putra

Pressure Distribution Analysis of Slip Surface and Sinusoidal Texture On Parallel Gap Slider Bearing

M. D. Surindra,

M.

Tauviqircahmcn, Jamari, Berkah F.T.K.

Prediction of the Running-in Phase on Rolling-sliding Contact

R. Ismai!,

M.

Tauvi4inahman, J. Jamari and

DirkJan

Schipper

Initial Bacteria Contamination and Metals Content on Beef Sausage

H

ars oj o, June Mell rw

ati

An Analysis of EDM Die Sinking Parameters ON

Ti-6Al4V

299

304

312

317

323

354

348

-villCEStAM

201-L

(6)

Bagas Wardano, Mohd Faizal Bin Ismail, Liew Pay Jun

An Assessment on Graphite

[,tilling

Charaoteristics

Bagas Wwdono, Yoon Xue Fang, Mohanad bin h{inhat

Electrical Properties of Sb Based Compound Semiconductor for Thermophotovoltaic Applications

Ari

Handono Ramelan, Ewa Goldys

374

382

(7)

lntematiana! _{Canfcrence and}_Exhibition_on

sustcinable Energ; *nd Advanceti Materiars (ICE fiEAM

20ir)

Solo-Indgnesis. _{Oetober 3-4,}_20I

I.

cFD

Analysis

of

Bubble

Bistribution

in

Non-catalytic

Reactor

for

Production

of Biodiescl

Fuel

Dyah

wulandani

t )' 2)*,

TomoE.VIi*u'),

Annansyah

FI"

Tambunanl).

Hiroshi

Nabetani2)3) and

Shoji

Hagiwari)

ttdechali$11{Bigsvstem

lpineerine

Department, Bogor Agricultural Universiry, lndonesia

,, ^..f'?ol TSlneTing

_"' Division, National Food Research institute, NARO, Japan

(iraduate school of

*

Agrieultural and

Life

Science, The university of Tokyo, Japan

corresponding

"Hff"j*1iffiffi:f3:.,.:il'

lil

ih

eZi;;;;,

"

*^'

Abstract

Biodiesel fuel is a biodegradable of diesel fuel that is produced _tbrough_{trans-esterification}_{between vegetable}

oil

and _{methanol' The non-catalytic}_biodiesel

fuel

_productioo

*"thod?led

superheat"J

-.trr*ol

_vapor

in

_the bubble column reactor which is used

in

this research has advantage; no requiring purification _{before and after}

reaction, due

to

the not-e-xisting

of

catalyst, so both

initial

and

tio"i"g

costs are

to

be redused. However the

reaction rate of biodiesel fuel production is

still

lower than other

metnoaicatarvtic;rh"dift

_previous_studies

noted that the _{contact surface between the}_{methanol bubble}_and_the

oil

*t"

_ur

tn" h*itiolg

a"to,

ro, enhancing the reaction _{rate. The contact surface area}_{is influenced by}_the_bubble_size

distributi;r,;;ril;

tum affected by

the reactor design. Therefore, this study

is

devoted

to

t[e

analysis

or

tne bubbte

oi.ul"tio"

in

_non_catalytic

reactor to increase the reaction rate _{of biodiesel fuel production using the}_{Computationairirria oyoumics}

(cFD)

method'

cFD

can minimize _{the experimental design cost and}_time

by-simuhft;;;;

"**}*""t

conditions

to show a real phenomenon,

witl

_a_{reasonable ac-curacy and}

precision.-BasedL th"

ptope;

cFD

modeling we obtained at the previous work, ten scenarios of treatment and design

of

obstacle installed in the column reactor

were simulated

to find

the highest contact surface area. The

cFi

modeling represeoted

weil to

describe the

bubble behavior.

A

_{significant conclusion both of.simulatioo}_uoa

erp"iim"ntu]

r..utt,

*"

tl"i iv,tilizing

of the obstacle in the reactor, contact surface between oit and methanol

uuio, io"r"ur"

*rri"rrl.

id;"

_to_the_reaction

rate of biodiesel fuel production _{about 2.g times over than}_without_obstacle.

Keywords: _{CFD, Bubble column, Non-catalytic}_reactor,_{Biodiesel fuel.}

1.

Introduction

Biodiesel fuel is a biodegradable of diesel_oil _{that is produced through ftans-esterification processing}_from vegetable

oil,

such as soybean oil, rape-seed oil, palm

oil,

sunflower seed1il,

p"h

;ii,

ff;;a

oil, etc.

Trans-esterification is the reaction between

oil

and methanol to obtain biodiesel

C"tty

""ia

-J.trrvi'ester (FAME)) and

glycerol'

FAMB

_{could be..produced}

by

_catalytic_method

or

_{non catalytic}

method.

Til';;

of

_non_catalytic

P:1h"9

for produci"g biodieset is the superheut"a

*tn*ol

vapor u"uuie column method.

-iauE

is produced

by'both

of

_{transesteri{ication reaction beiween methanol}_vapoi_and_triglyceride

and also esterification reaction between methanol vapol and free fatty acid at the same time under _{atnaosphere pressure and}_high_temperature

(290"c)'

This _{method does}_not

requiri

_{deacidification}_process

pri"it"

tL

iraction becaus" oot ooty triglyceride

but also &ee fattv acid can be convlrted into

FAME.

And this method

d;;;il;;"tj;;

_{process after the} reaction because no catalyst

is used.

_Therefore,_both

initial

_and_running

costs are

th;Ght;"

be reduced

by

appllnC

the method.

However, reaction rate

is still

lower than _that

of

_conventional_{alkaline catalytic}

method.

The previous

studies noted that the contact surface between the methanol bubble and the

oil

acts

u, tir"

ii*itirrg

factor

for

enhancing the reaction rate (.Akita

et

_al,,

1974).

_The_{contact surface area}

is

influenced

by

_{the bubble}_size distribution,

which in

tum-affected

by

the reactor

design.

Therefore, analyzing

of

the contact surface area

between methanol and

riglyceride in

the reactor

is imfortant to

know the parameters _{influence reaction}_ra0e. The computational Fluid Dynamics

(cFD)

method is usea to

*utv""

tn" contact surface area during the process

in the reactor' The best modeling of cFD-found in previous

*o*ir

u."a

_to_analyze_bubble_size_distribution

aird contact surface area between methanol vapors in

thi

oil

(wulandani et al., 2010).

rru"tiii"uli*

_{of the}_obstacle in the reactor is predicted to infiuence

tni

uuuute size dishibution and the

contact,urf";";;;.

_Therefore,_the

(8)

]niei'vzaiicil&l Canference and Exhibition on Sustainable

il*ergy

*nd Arivr;nced Materiais (ICE SEAM

20Il)

Solo-Indonesia. Octaher

3'4'

201

I.

objectives

of

the paper ere {o obtain ihe

typ* of

llre oi:stacle u'iri,:h rc"qilit t}re highest contact surface area a:td here in after to vieta

#e

ugnest reaction raG

of'FAe{g

irr i.

*

bubbic ,:o!umn reactor tr-v using

fFD

analysis'

2.

iV[etRrodclogY

CFD nrcdeling

The modei af br:bble coiumn reaetor w"as implemented into

cFD

oode ANSYS FL{JENT {vsrsion 6'3'26'

version l2"1.2l,and

version 13.0"0) ar:d the gearxetry and rnesh

*f

reactor was constructed using

GAMBIT

2.4.6. The vol.rnne

"r

a.-*ii*" ivoF)

model uJo

:n-t*ir"t€n{

ilcn

equilibririm

wail

function cF'D modeling has been f,ound

i"

**

pr*.noo,

,"*rL*,u*

upplied

t*

ropresent rnethanol anei triglyoeride systern in the bubble

:"lyT"

reacror" The gas ano

uiJi

pi-p-"ir-

i*sutted thetifference initial heigtrt of liquid is tabulated in the Table I '

Table

i.

Properties ef me*.hanoi and triglyceride at tliree conditions of temperature

No.

hdaterial Densi Visccsity {Pa.s) Surface tension Height of liquid

N/m

-

0'695 i.8738-05

2.

Triglyceride (At T

-

250"C) .i.64e-05[3]

3.

Triglyceride (At T = 2?0"C) ?.4?e-05i31

i.

iffiiffi;;

io'

t

-

zsq:-q)

Eqr'ql'r

,

i'3?e-qil"

Note:

1. Teske et al. {2006) 2. CouPlaad at al. (1997) 3. F"abelo at at. i?000i

4. ChumPitaz et al. {1999)

The meihanol vapor

inlet velocity

was 5.32 m,/s rn'kich equal

with

msthanol

flow

ra-te

of

4

g/min

at

tomperature

of 290'c..

l-

t*"-

stop

of

ti.o-oco:-. was used

in

the sinnulation

till

the solution reach the

quasi-periodic stste, at Z **noiAu.

firu

qouiit'

of

*"uh

ionu"nces the requiring

of

computational

time'

The value

of

worst quality of mesh

fo,

ufi of

Cfn

*oAuf1og

;;under

0'85'

Typicat grid rvere used depend on the model

of

obstacle settling rn lhe reactor coiumn" The combinatioa of Hexagonal-cooper and Tetra-hybrid fior mesh type at

1'

2

and

3

mm

of

nesh

dimensions

*.,"

o**d

in

thc sirnulation' Tlre

computational demand increases

significantly with grid refinement'

Scenarias of CFD simulation

cFD

sinrulations are carried out

in

ten conditions as show

in

the Table

2'

scenarios

s-1'

S-2 and S were

perforrned to describe the effect of temperature which indicated by difference of thermal physicai properties as

shown

ia

Table

1

scsnsrios

Do-?,

DO-10,

bg-u,

DO-8ab and'Do-8ba wefe carried on at differeut type

of

perfiorate plate of obsta,rc.

-ou,*"lais

a perforated plate iastalled in the cylirrder as shown in Figure 1.

Table 2. The geometrical configuration used in the

cFD

modeling and experiment for methanol and triglyceride

sYst€m.

Scenario Description

CFD

Biodiesel

Simulation

reaction

923"5i21

815.3t?l

0.018?4i41

0.01?51141 0.01628t41

109.i

110"4 111.6

exoeriment

-

, ==.==

-

7

I

-S'-1--

Witho*

obstacie at T

:

250'C

s-2

without;;;i;

itr:zts'c

'/

x

S

WitU"ot oUrtu"i" u'

f

:

ZSO"C

'/

DO-TDoubleobstacle(Tmmpitch,24holes'4nncodiameter)'T:290oC{'/

Do.10Doubleobstacle(10mmpitch,riuoio,+nrmdiameter),T:290oC

O-Sa

Single obstacle {8 mm pitch, ?

itoi;';

;tn

diameter)'

T:

290"C

'/

D0-8abDoubieperforateplateoftoo*plrcU'4rnm-diametor(Tholes'/'/

perfbratJplate

at Lelow and 12 holes at above)' T

:

290"C

DO-gba

Double perforate plate

of

I ;-;;;;,

+

mm_a;ameter

(12

hoies "/

'/

perforatJdplate

attelow

and 7 holes at above)'

T:

?90"C

p-t

porous

;i"il;

iU"

*"tft*ol

inlet

(porosity-of 0.4 and dianneter

1

/

X

mm),

T:

290'C

DO _Porous

plate at

the height

of

5

mm from the battom

of

reactor

itv of 0.4 and diameter 1 T = 290oC

X

:

not Performeci

2llcrs{s.hl

?*31

(9)

Obstacle could be setting

in

the column

reactor.

Seven types

of

perforated plate were used

in

the CFD simulation and 5 types of them were tested by experimental biodiisel fuel production using by ttre bench scale

of

biodiesel reactor. The scenarios of model of CFD simulation are described in Table 3.

International _{Conference snd}_Exhibition_on

Sustsinal)le Energt and Advanced Msterials (ICE SEAM 20I

I)

[image:9.595.57.528.65.325.2]

Solo-Indonesia. October 3-4, 20I L

Figure 1. The obstacle and types ofperforate plate used in experiment Material

for

experiment

Materials used for this research are methanol and canola

oil

for biodiesel fuel reaction. Hexane,

dietil

eter

and acetic acid are used as developer solvent and Squalane (C:olloz) as standard

for TLC/FID (Thin

layer chromatography/Flame ionization detector) analysis. Acetonitrile and distillated water as a solvent

for UpLC

(High performance liquid chromatography) analysis.

Experimental set up, pracedure and analysis

The experiments

of

biodiesel production are implemented

to verify

the best result

of

CFD modeling by

implementing apparatus

of

Superheated Methanol Vapor Bubble Column. The apparatus consists

of

methanol

tanlq pump

of

methanol

liquid,

temperature conftollern heater

of

methanol

to

pioduce superheated methanol vapor, reactor vessel (where

oil

and methanol are reacted _{under temperature 290oC and}_{atmosphere pressure),} heater

ofreactor,

condenser to condense biodiesel

(in

the vapor phase) obtained from the reaction ofmethanol

and oil, and tank ofp;oduct (to collect biodiesel).

Methanol

liquid

was pumped at constant

flow

rate

of

4

g/min

into

ttre

tin

bath

for vaporization.

Then methanol vapor was heated gradually (75"C, 180"C _,240oCand 290"C) and the reaction is started by blowing the superheated methanol vapor into

oil in

the reactor vessel. Temperature

contoller

kept the reaction temperiture

at29AoC. Biodiesel fuel was produce from the reaction

in

the gas phase. Furtherrnoie biodiesel and wr--reacted

methanol vapor were oondensed and were collected

in

the tank

of product.

Sampling was taken at every 30

minutes

until

300 minutes. The sample is divided in two

portions. A little

part

of

sample was amlyzedto-find out the glycerol content

by

using

IIPLG analysis.

Another one was evaporated from un-reacted methanol to

produce biodiesel fuel (FAME) by using vacuum roiary evaporator at 46oC and 168

Pa.

Furthermore, biodiesel

will

be

analped

by using

TLC/FID

method

to

examine the

purity

or the conteut

of FAME,

_{diglyceride @G),}

monoglycerol (MG) and free fatry aeid (FFA).

The experiments were carried out at

five

scenarios as mentioned

in

Table

2

under several parameters as

follow in Table 3.

Table

3.

Pararneter used for experiment of biodiesel fuel production

Parameter _Value

Methanol vapor:

l.

Temperature

('C)

2.

Flowt'ate (g/min)

Canola

oil

l"

Initial mass (g)

Reaction temperature (oC) Reaction pressure (MPa)

Time of reaction

(hour)

5

Interval time of sampling

(hour)

_0.5

3lrc[${AM

?0]"1

290

4

250 290

[image:9.595.59.556.581.814.2]

(10)

International Conference and Exhibition on Swstainable Energt arcd Advaneed Materiqls (ICE SEAM 20I

l)

Solo-Indonesia. October 3-4, 20 I 1.

3.

Results and Discussion

CFD Simulation Result

The efect af thermal physical properties

In

the CFD modeling

of VOF

(volume

of

fracticn), approach

of

temperature effect

by

change the thermal physical properties ofgas and liquid could not explain the contact surfaco area and gas

hoidup.

nlgure 3 shows the contact surface area

of

three models of

CFD.

Similar fiend occurs for the re lation between gas holdup and

liquid temperature. In this figure, an increase of temperature is decrea.se _{the contact surface area and gas}holdup.

The results have contrary with reality and bubble column theory.

How€ver, the result could explain the influence

of

height, and the value

of

oil

density,

oil

viscosity and surface tension between

oil

and nrethanol vapor. Both of contact surface area and gas holdup is increase with an increase

of

density, viscosity and surface

tension.

A

remark

is

supported by other investigator (Mouza et aL,

2001; Wu et a1., 2001), that an inerease in liquid surface tension increase gas hold up, due to appearance of small

bubble formation

by

promoting breakage and demoting coalescence.

The

smaller bubbles, the greater gas

holdup val.ues _@ouafiet al., 2001). Otherwise both of contact surface area and gas holdup is increase

with

the decrease of liquid height as shown

ir

Table 4.

Table 4. Relation among thermal physical properties, _{contact surface area and gas}_holdup.

No.

Temperature Viscosity Surface Height

of

Average contact Average gas tension surface area

I

2

3

250

823.5

4.64e-A5

270

815.3

2.47e-05

290

807.8

1.32e-05

0.01874 0.01751 0.01628

109.1

I10.4

11 1.6

0.0166 0.0112 0.0r00 0.0927 0.0527 0.0506

"T*?90C

I

T:270C

lTa

250C

g T 'Et a ra It r.t ?,501-01 2,00e.01 1,50t-01 1.,009{1. 5,008-02 0,009*00

L2

Time (s)

Figure 3. Contact surface area and gas holdup at different thermal physical properties

The elfect of utilization porous nozzle

For next simulation, standard condition (S) of reactor column

will

be use

in

comparison with other

Utilization of porous nozzle for inlet the methanol

flow

does not practically affect the contact sgrface area gas holdup values as shown in the Figure 4.

Both

results

of

utilization

porourr nozzles have

no

difference

in

comparison

with that

of

the

coudition (without obstacle). However, utilization of porous plate P-2 (at location 5

rrm

above the bottom

reactor) raises the churn flow pattern of bubble or bubble oscillation whieh fomrs many the small bubbles, the

little bit

increasing in contact surface area and gas holdup as describe on Figure

5.

For next follow up

the utilization porous plate in the obstacle

will

be concerned and sinmrlated.

N E lll (, (} o t"l t! i't, (t

c

o

U 0,03 0,025 0,02 0,015 0,01 0.005 0

tT*290C

rTr270C

rTo

250C

12

Iime

ts) [image:10.595.28.582.248.827.2]

(11)

International _{Conference and}_Exhibition_on

Swstainable Energt and Advanced Materials _{QCE SEAM}

201I)

Solo-Indonesia. October 3-4, 201 L

0.02s

it

g

sqz

g

0,015

fi

o,o1

€

o.oo5

I

Yo

C'₆ E

o

(,

+pt

llFZ

*S

L2

Iime

(s)

I

tt

!t

e

v,

|!

(t

2,008-01 1,508-01 1.,00E-oL 5,008-02 0,008+00

rPl

tP2

eS

01234

[image:11.595.51.548.43.558.2]

rime

{s}

Figiue _{4. The comparison between contact surface area and gas}_{holdup for porous nozzleand}_standard condition (without obstacle)

Figure 5. Distribution bubbles in the column reactor for standard condition (S), utilization of porous-l

(p-l)

and porous-2 _@-2)

Tly

influence of the utilization perforated

plate

installed

in

obstacle inside the column reactor and distribution

of bubble

Five scenarios of CFD modeling have been simulated to describe the effect of utilization obstacle with

five

tlpes of

obstacle as shoqm

in

Figure 6. Generally, utilization of perforaied plate increase oontact

s'rface

area.

There are

no

significant difference result among O-8a, Do-8ab-and

DO-Bba.

Utilization of

obstacle DO-7

shows the highest contact surface

area.

In

case

of

utilization

of

obstacle, bubbles sfte1 dstaehing the surface nozzle at the bottom of reactor are retained by obstacle. Breakage occurs aiter the bubble

p*.'tf,toign

the holes

of

obstacle

into

small bubbles, as shown

in

Figrue

7. Utilization

double perforated

ifutr

_1pO--Z)_increase turbulence which is

identifiedby

liquid and small bubbles bacldlow from the outside of

rviioao

to the inside

of

cylindc.

This condition enables increase the surface contact area and gas holdup. Especially for scenarios

DO-8ab and DO-8ba, bubbles

llow

thrgugh the edge ofreactor more than through the reactor

.rorrr.

Consequently, the surface contact area and gas holdup are lower than that of

Do-10

and

oo-2.

(12)

Intet nctional Conference and Exhibitian on Sustainable Energt end A,dvcnced Materials (ICE SE,AM 2011)

Sola-Indonesia. October 3-4, 20 I

I.

N

o

6l

o o

LI

(! I$

|J

l! g tJ

2,50E-0?

?,00r"o?

1,50H-02 1,008-02

5,00[-03

0,008+00

e D0-7

a

00-10

/A4*

XD0-8ab

r

D0-8ba [image:12.595.45.567.6.793.2]

*s

Figure

6.

Contact surface area of 5 scenarios of CFD simuiation result

l-s

I

08{

t

?""*l

F"*:l

tl'*,1

t'"1

Figure 7. Bubble distribution of 6 scenarios of CFD simulation

Verifr,cation af CFD modeling by comparingwith experimental result

In

order

to verifu

the CFD simulation

result

several experiments were

perfomred.

Figure

8.

shorrr experimental result of six configurations of utilization of obstacle. The experimental results of this study

that utilization of obstacle 7 mm pitch gave the highost reaction rate of 0.023 g/min bigger than without

of 0.08 g/min, at FAME content range of 69 yo _to_{96 %}_mol.

(13)

Internstianql Conference and Exhibition on Susiainable Energy and

'

.dvanced Materials (ICE _SEAM

201t)

Solo-Indonesia. October 3-4, 201

t.

0.25

'e

i

8.2 n!

l*l

5

E

0.15

t&

o

t 6 rJ,J.

a

H

0.0s

c;

*

0

w

a

ffi

g-rffi-s---ffi

oo0-7

fi00-10

A0-8a

;a*A-&ab

XD0-8ba

e5

*ffi

w

---*- *-l---*---.--i---*--- - i---- -"----r---.---]

[image:13.595.51.550.23.522.2]

1"00

r.$0

200 250 300

350 Time _{mlnutor}

Figure 8. The comparison of reactios rate of FAI4E at different types of obstacle utilization

l\l

I

o

{,

'I

dt LI

fit

l'

4t

al

(}

u

0,025

0,020

0,015

0,010

0,005

0,000

s,000

0,s5s

0,10s

0,150 0,200

0,250 Reartion rate 0f FAME _{g/min}

Figure

9.

Relation between contact surface area _{{CFD result)}and reaotion rate of FAME (experimental result)

Conkct

surface arca

in

ssmparison

with

the reaction rate

of

biodiesel produotion has positive correlation

trend as shown

in

Figure

9.

The result indicates that reaction rate

of

biodiesel could be explain

by

contact

surface contact area by using CFD method. For next work, oontact surface

will

be a key parameter to estimate the reaction rate ofbiodiesel production on pilot plant scale reactor.

4"

Conclusions

The 3D

-

turbulent

flow

and non-equilibrium

wall

function

-

CFD msdsling was successful to describe the

phenomenon

of

bubble distribution

in

the column

reactor.

An

increase

of

contact surface area

of

methanol bubble in the

oil

increases reaction rate of biodiesei fuel production. Utilization of obstacle in the column reactor

of biodiesel fuel production increases the reaction rate significantly. Utilization of obstacle DO-7 (7 mm pitch, 24 holes and 4 mm diameter) in the column reactor increases reaction rate of biodiesel fuel production

of

0.23

g/min bigger than without obstacle of 0.08 g/min.

5.

Acknowledgement

We would like to

thank

ts

United Nations University and

Kirin

leading company, through

UNU-Kirin

Fellowship (2010-2011) program for a grant that made it possible to complete this research.

(14)

lnternstional C onfermce

od

Sustsinable Energt and Advanced Materials OCE

$,IY

Solo-Indonesia-

fufu

34.

References

Akita,

K.

and Yoshida, F. (1974) Bubble Size, Intetfacial ,4res, and Liquid-Phase Msss Transfer

C$rc*na,'

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M.,

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M.

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Biodiesel

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