USING PEER REVIEW TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS
ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH AT
SECOND GRADE IN SMPN 2 PURWOASRI
THESIS
By:
Citra Arom Morita
09360157
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
USING PEER REVIEW TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS
ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH AT
SECOND GRADE IN SMPN 2 PURWOASRI
THESIS
By:
Citra Arom Morita
09360157
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
USING PEER REVIEW TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS
ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH AT
SECOND GRADE IN SMPN 2 PURWOASRI
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Educational
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
Foremost, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude to Allah SWT, Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamiin for blessing given in composing this thesis from the beginning to the end and powering her, so the thesis has been completed.
She realizes that so many people support her during the process of thesis. She would like to express her sincere gratitude to:
1. Advisor 1: Mr. Puji Sumarsono, M. Ed and advisor 2: Mr. Dian Arsitades Wiranegara, M.Pd who have provided guidance and patience in completing this thesis.
2. All lectures of English Department for their motivation and beneficial knowledge.
3. Her beloved father and mother who always give their support, prayers and untiring affection.
4. The headmaster, all the teachers, and all the students in SMPN 2 Purwoasri who helped the research.
5. Her beloved friends (Toni and Bayu Eka) who has given me motivation and suggest to finish my thesis, all of her boardinghouse’ friends’ (Fitri, Ummu, Devi, and Nadia), all of my friends in English Department, and all people around her that She can’t mention one by one for their support and help while this thesis was being written.
Finally, she expects this research will be useful for the readers. May God bless us and she hopes everything we have passed through will us to reach everything we wish.
Malang, August 01, 2013
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Allah SWT akan senantiasa bersama orang yang sabar dan berikhtiar
Dimana ada niat pasti ada jalan
Allah akan meninggikan orang-orang yang beriman di antaramu dan
orang-orang yang diberi ilmu pengetahuan.”(QS.Al-Mujadalah:11)
DEDICATION
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.3 Purpose of the Study 4
1.4 The Hypothesis 5
1.5 The Significance of Study 5
1.6 The Scope and Limitation 6
1.7 Definition of the Key Terms 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Teaching Language 8
2.2 Teaching Writing 9
2.2.1 Technique of Teaching Writing 10
2.2.1.1 Peer Review 11
2.2.1.2 Picture Composition 13
2.2.1.3 Oral and Written Composition 14
2.2.1.4 Free Composition 14
2.3 Writing a Paragraph 14
2.3.1 Descriptive Paragraph 16
2.3.2 Narrative Paragraph 18
2.3.4 Report 20
4.1.1 The Result of Pre-test of Experimental and Control Group 29 4.1.2 The Result of Post-test of Experimental and Control
Group
5.2.3 for the next researcher 36
REFERENCE
Arista, Apriliantin. 2010. Improving Students’ Reading Ability through Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) Strategy at the Second Year Students of SMPN 2 Sawoo Ponorogo in the Lesson Year 2009/2010.Thesis. Unpublished. Ponorogo: Department of English Education of University Muhammadiyah of Ponorogo
Ary, Donald. 2006. Introduction to Research in Education. Seventh Edition. Wadsworth: Thomson Learning
Ary, Donald. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eighth Edition. Wadsworth: Thomson Learning
Brown, H.D. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Addison Wesley Longman
Brown, H.D. 2001. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Second Edition. New York: Addison Wesley Longman
Dr. M. F. Patel, Praveen. M. Jain. 2008. English Language Teaching (methods, Tools & Techniques): Sunrise
Harmer, Jeremy. 2004. How to teach writing. Malaysia: Longman
Ita, Fahriyana. 2003. Peer Editing In The Process of Learning Writing Done by The Fourth Semester Students at The English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Malang. Thesis. Unpublished. Malang: Department of English Education of University Muhammadiyah of Malang
Oshima, Alice and Hogue, Ann: 2007. Introduce to Academic English: Third Edition. United States of America: Pearson Longman
ϭ
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses some topics related to the study. Those are: the background of
the study, statement of problem, purpose of study, hypothesis, and significance of
study, scope and limitation, definition of key terms. Each section is presented as
follows:
1..1Background of Study
Language as the cultural result has important value as the reflection of human
creation to identify the world. So, language is a part of a human living and couldn’t be
separated, because language was communication tool that is very important in human
living.
Arista (2010) mentioned that in globalization era, English becomes an
international language which plays an important role as means of communication in
the world. In Indonesia, English is taught as one of the compulsory subjects from
elementary school until university level. It means that English has important position
in Indonesia curriculum.
In learning English, the students will learn four skills (listening, speaking,
Ϯ
how to pronounce every word etc, so they will be able to tell story, speech, debate,
produce good writing such as in letter, poem, and many kinds of text (narrative,
descriptive, explanation, recount etc.). Therefore, English must be learned by
students, so that they can communicate smoothly.
In addition, one of the important English skills is writing. Writing is a vital
skill for ‘speakers’ of a foreign language as much as for everyone using their own first
language (Harmer, 2004)
From the statement above, we know that writing is an important thing in a
communication system. We may communicate to others by writing such as messages,
letters, announcements, description, etc. In fact, many students dislike writing. They
consider that writing is something boring because it is difficult to learn and so many
students get low achievement in writing.
Richard (2002: 303) said that there is no doubt that writing is the most
difficult skill for L2 learners to master. The difficulty lies not only in generating and
organizing ideas, but also in translating these ideas into readable texts. The skills
involved in writing are highly complex.
Therefore, to solve the problem, teachers must apply appropriate techniques,
strategies and methods. They are made by teachers to improve learners’ writing ability
so they can get good achievement in writing.
In this context, the researcher wants to studypeer review technique to improve
ϯ
a better writer. This technique includes process of reading, commenting, and making
suggestions on others’ writing for improvement (Oshima and Hogue, 2007). Doing
peer review technique will be beneficial for teachers and students. For the teachers, it
will of course help them increase the quality of students’ work in writing, then for the
students it will help them increase their knowledge about grammar, structure, and
punctuation in writing through editing activities with their friends.
In the previous research, Ita (2003) mentioned that peer editing can be used as
an alternative way to teach English in writing class and the students respond it very
well.
Basically, the purpose of this study is similar to the previous study, but there is
a little difference. The previous study is aimed at describing the students’ response
toward the peer editing activities, and the technique applied by the teacher in using
peer editing. This study is aimed to know whether peer review technique improves
students’ achievement or not.
Besides, the researcher wants to study peer review technique to improve
students’ achievement in writing class at SMP Negeri 2 Purwoasri. Because there are
many students get difficulties when they learn English especially writing subject, so
they get low achievement in English. Besides that, writing is one of the subjects in
English which is taught in SMP Negeri 2 Purwoasri. In SMP Negeri 2 Purwoasri,
writing is not a separated subject. It is integrated in English subject which covers
ϰ
given to the students such as narrative, procedure, recount and descriptive. The
researcher chooses descriptive paragraph because the researcher thinks that by writing
descriptive paragraph, the students not only try to describe something, but they also
can describe place, a particular person, and thing in detail, so the readers can imagine
what they write. The researcher hopes by this study, the students who have low
achievement can improve their achievement in writing descriptive paragraph.
A descriptive paragraph is a word picture; the reader can imagine the object
place, or person in his or her mind. A description usually follows a pattern of
organization that arrangement of things in space. It also includes more details, so the
readers can imagine what the writer are describing. The details should appeal to the
five senses (Oshima and Hogue, 2007)
In summary, this study is conducted because writing is important for many
language learners. Writing is essentially a creative process for becoming good writers,
it needs a lot of practice. In addition, the researcher wants to give additional technique
to help improving students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on the explanation in the background of the study, the problem that the
researcher wants to investigate and answer in this study is: “Does Peer Review
technique improve students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph at second
ϱ
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Based on the statement of the problem above, the purpose of the study is to
know whether peer review technique improves the students’ achievement in writing
descriptive paragraph at second grade in SMP Negeri 2 Purwoasri or not.
1.4 The Hypothesis
Ho: Peer review technique does not improve the achievement of the second grade
students at SMP Negeri 2 Purwoasri in writing descriptive paragraph.
Hi: Peer review technique improves the achievement of the second grade students at
SMP Negeri 2 Purwoasri in writing descriptive paragraph.
1.5 The Significance of Study
The researcher hopes this research will give a contribution to:
1. The teacher
The teacher can enrich his/her technique in teaching writing. The teacher is
able to use peer review technique in English class as one of the way to
improve students’ achievement in writing skill.
2. The students
The students can improve their achievement in writing skill by using peer
ϲ
3. The readers
The researcher hopes this study might be able to increase the readers’
information about peer review technique in teaching writing.
4. Other researcher
The researcher hopes this study can be used as reference for other researchers
who want to conduct a similar research with different topic.
1.6 The Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study uses peer review technique in writing and the
limitation of this study is using peer review technique in writing descriptive paragraph
in second grade of SMP Negeri 2 Purwoasri.
1.7 Definition of the Key Terms
There are several key terms that will be clarified in this research to avoid
misunderstanding and misinterpretation. The researcher defines the key terms as
follow:
1. Peer Review technique
Peer review designs to help someone become a better writer. There is an
interactive process of reading, commenting, and making suggestions on
ϳ
2. Writing
Writing is a process of putting ideas down on paper to transform thought into
words, to sharp main ideas, and give structure and coherent organization into
writing (Brown: 2001)
3. Descriptive Paragraph
A descriptive paragraph is to present a single, clear picture (description) of a
person, a place, a thing, an event, or an idea. Description is commonly used in
novel, short stories, and essay. In descriptive paragraph we can know the
situation that happened on there, especially to make a real observation. A good
description is a word picture; the reader can imagine the object, place, or
