THE EFFECT OF USING HERRINGBONE TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING NARRATIVE TEX.

THE EFFECTOF USINGHERRINGBONE TECHNIQUE

ONSTUDENTS’

ACHIEVEMENTIN READING

NARRATIVE TEXT

A THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

By:

WARDANA HASIHOLAN SIHOTANG

REGISTRATION NUMBER 2103121050

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

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ABSTRACT

Wardana Hasiholan Sihotang, 2103121050. The Effect of Using Herringbone Technique on Students’ Achievement in Reading Narrative Text. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan. 2016.

This study deals with the effect of Herringbone Technique on students’

achievement in reading narrative text. The objective of the study is to find out

whether this technique significantly affects the students’ achievement in reading

narrative text or not. This study was conducting by using experimental design. The population of the study was the students of grade XI of SMA YPK Andreas Sunggal in the academic year 2015/2016, where there were 2 classes of XI Science, they are XI IPA1 (the experimental group) and XI IPA2 (the control group). The experimental group (XI IPA1) was taught by using herringbone technique and the control group (XI IPA2) was taught by the conventional

method. The data of the study were obtained from the students’ score of reading

test. To determine the data, the researcher used Kuder Richardson formula (KR20). There are two data that used in this research, they are pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by applying t-test formula. After analyzing the data, the result of the study showed that t-observed was higher than t-table. It can

concluded that herringbone technique significantly affects on the students’

achievement in reading narrative text or in other words the hypothesis is accepted.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This thesis is submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for taking the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan.

During the process of completing this thesis the researcher has worked with a great number of people, through their guidance, suggestions, and comments for which the researcher would like to extend her sincere gratitude and special thanks to:

 Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., Rector of State University of Medan.

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Languages and Arts Faculty.

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department and his Thesis Examiner, Nora Ronita Dewi, S.S, M.Hum, Head of English Education Study Program

 Dr. Anni Holila Pulngan, M.Hum, his Thesis Consultant

 Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed, Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd his Thesis Examiners.

 All Lecturers who have taught his in this English Department,for giving knowledge, advices and amazing study experiences.

 Drs. Saleman P. Sianipar, M.Pd, the Principal of SMA YPK Andreas Sunggal and the the English Teacher for giving permission and helping the writer to do this research.

 Sabam W. Sihotang and Lisda Tumanggor, his beloved parents, Walfrindo Sihotang and Ayu Sihotang, his lovable siblings, and his big family who always supported the writer to be hard working to finish his study in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.

 His beloved friends,the students of English Department, Misida, Handika, David, Afdi, Jaka, Ucha, Dhina and also the other students in Extension, Regular, and Literature A, B, C 2010 for always be there when he needed their support and motivation.

Last but not least, the researcher resizes that his thesis still has some weakness and mistakes. Thus, he would be grateful to accept any suggestion and correction from anyone for the better writing.

Medan, March 2016 The Researcher,

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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. The Background of Study ... 1

B. The Problem of Study ... 3

C. The Objective of Study ... 3

D. The Scope of Study ... 3

E. The Significance of Study ... 3

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 5

A. Theoretical Framework ... 5

1. Reading ... 5

2. Reading Comprehension ... 6

3. Levels of Comprehension ... ₉

6. Herringbone Technique ... 14

a. Procedures of Herringbone Technique ... 15

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B. Relevant Studies ... 19

C. Conceptual Framework ... 20

D. Hypothesis ... ₂₁

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH ... 22

A. Research Design ... 22

B. Population and Sample ... 22

1. Population ... ₂₂

2. Sample ... ₂₃

C. The Source of Collecting Data ... 23

D. The Instrument of Collecting Data ... 23

E. The Procedure of Collecting Data ... 24

1. Pre-test ... ₂₄

2. Treatment ... ₂₄

3. Post-test ... ₂₆

F. Scoring the Test... 27

G. Validity and Realibility of The Test... 27

1. Validity of The Test ... ₂₇

2. The Realibility of The Test ... ₂₈

H. The Technique of Analyzing Data ... 29

CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS ... 30

A. Data ... 30

B. Data Analysis ... 33

C. Testing Hypothesis ... 37

D. Research Findings ... 37

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 39

A. Conclusions ... 39

B. Suggestions ... 39

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 The Example of Narrative Text ... 13

Table 3.1 Research Design ... 22

Table 3.2 Treatment of Experimental Group ... 25

Table 3.4 Treatment of Control Group ... 26

Table 4.1 The Result of Pre-Test and Post-Test of Experimental Group ... 31

Table 4.2 The Result of Pre-Test and Post-Test of Control Group ... 32

Table 4.3 The Mean Score of Experimental Group ... 34

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LIST OF FIGURE

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study

Reading has a great position in learning English in the class. It shown by the quantity of test that faced by the students in the National Examination in Indonesia. English National Examination in Indonesia has included 20 listening questions and 40 reading questions.

Reading is a foundation skill for learning, personal growth, and enjoyment. Students must be able to read and understand text in all formats (e.g. picture, video, and print) and all contexts is a key indicator to success in school and life. By reading comprehension, the students are able to gain information and to improve their knowledge. The goal of learning English is to enable the students in understanding the idea and meaning of the passage. Nunan (2003: 68) states that reading is a fluent process of readers combining information from a text and their own background knowledge and to build meaning.

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Most of the students get difficulties in learning reading comprehension. Based on the researcher’s observation in SMA YPK Andreas on grade XI, the researcher found that the students cannot comprehend a text because they are lack of vocabulary knowledge and they lack of a direct tool to help them in comprehending the text. The problems are most of the students still have problems in comprehending the text and getting the main idea of the text. In order to solve the problem, a good technique should be used. Does in this study it is determined to conduct a research by applying herringbone technique to improve

the students’ reading comprehension.

Most of the students get the score below Minimal Completeness Criteria (KKM) of English lesson for Senior High School. The score of reading test from the students can be seen in table 1.1.

Table 1.1 The Eleventh Grade (XI) Students’ Score of Reading Test

Semester Score Students Percentage

3

Bouchard (2005: 54) stated that herringbone technique is a teaching technique which provides a framework upon which the who, what, when, where,

why, and how questions to getting the details idea or the main idea of a passage.

By applying herringbone technique it is expected that the students will easily comprehend the text. Another benefit of using herringbone technique is to help the students organize the information and write a summary paragraph.

B. The Problem of the Study

Based on the background of the study, the problem of this study is

formulated as the following: “does applying herringbone technique significantly

affects the students’ reading comprehension in reading narrative text?”

C. The Objective of the Study

The objective of the study is to find out whether herringbone technique

significantly affects the students’ reading comprehension in reading narrative text.

D. The Scope of the Study

Based on the background above, this study will be limited to the effectiveness using herringbone technique in teaching reading comprehension on grade XI at SMA YPK Andreas Sunggal.

E. The Significance of the Study

As the study concerns with the used of herringbone technique to affect the

students’ reading comprehension, the finding of this study are expected to be

4

1. Theoretically, for the teacher to improve the quality of the students’ reading comprehension and for the researchers to use this study as reference for next researchers.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

After analyzed the data, it was found that Herringbone Technique affected

students’ reading comprehension. Based on the calculation of t-test which showed

that ttable at level significance of 0.05 with (df) 38, or 3.93>1.686 at level

significance of 0.05 with (df) 38. The students could improve their ability in comprehending the text when they were taught by using Herringbone Technique.

Due to the research finding of this study, it is obtained that the students who are taught reading narrative text by using Herringbone Technique have higher achievement than the students who are taught by using conventional method.It means that the hypothesis states that Herringbone Technique gives

significant effect on the students’ reading achievement in reading narrative text is

accepted.

B. Suggestions

Since teaching reading comprehension by using Herringbone Technique

has a significant effect to improve students’ achievement in reading narrative text,

it is suggested that:

1. English teachers to apply the Herringbone Technique in teaching reading comprehension particularly in reading narrative text.

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