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BAR CHART
1.
Ahmad Iltimas Ridho
2.
Ananda Putri Syaviri
3.
Deny Kurniawan
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column bar chart.
One axis of the chart shows the specific categories being compared, and the other axis represents a discrete value. Some bar graphs present bars clustered in groups of more than one (grouped bar graphs), and others show the bars divided into subparts to show cumulate effect (stacked bar graphs).
Parts of a Bar Graph
Graph Title--The graph title gives an overview of the
information being presented in the graph. The title is given at the top of the graph.
Axes and their labels--Each graph has two axes. The axes labels tell us what information is presented on each axis. One axis represents data groups, the other represents the amounts or frequency of data groups.
Grouped Data Axis--The
•Frequency Data Axis--The frequency axis has a scale that is a measure of
the frequency or amounts of the different data groups.
•Axes Scale-- Scale is the range of values being presented along the
frequency axis.
•Bars--The bars are rectangular blocks that can have their base at either
vertical axis or horizontal axis (as in this example). Each bar represents the data for one of the data groups.
•Graph Title--provides an overview of the type of information given in the
bar graph.
For the bar graph given, the title indicates that we are looking at data on:
Axes and their labels--The axes labels tell us what information is presented on each axis.
One axis represents data groups is labeled Price per Bushel. The other axis is labeled Quantity
Demanded.
Bar--rectangular blocks that can have their base at either the vertical axis or horizontal axis.
For this graph we can see that the base of the bars are on the horizontal axis. This means that the
grouped data axis is the horizontal axis and the frequency axis is the vertical axis.
•Vertical axis--This axis is the frequency axis and contains the quantity
demanded given in units of bushels.
•Grouped Data Axis--Since the the grouped data axis is always at the base
of the bars, the grouped data axis is the horizontal axis. The axis label tells us that along the horizontal grouped data axis we have the price per bushel, with each data group being a different dollar amount from $1 to $5.
Two important pieces of information we must determine are the:
type of data being counted, and
how the data is grouped.
•Frequency Data Axis--The scale is the range of frequency values shown on
the graph. The span of values represented is determined by the lowest and greatest values you wish to include on the graph.
When looking at this axis, look to see where the range begins and ends, as well as at the interval between tick marks. For a further discussion on scale, read the section on Scale.
The vertical axis is the quantity demanded given in units of bushels.
The first bar graph appeared in the 1786 book
The Commercial and Political Atlas
, by
William
Playfair (17591823). Playfair was a pioneer in
the use of graphical displays and wrote
extensively about them.
1. Determine the discrete range.
2. Examine your data to find the bar with the largest value. This will help you determine the range of the vertical axis and the size of each increment. Then label the vertical axis.
3. Determine the number of bars.
4. Examine your data to find how many bars your chart will contain. These may be single, grouped, or stacked bars.
5. Use this number to draw and label the horizontal axis.
ADVANTAGES:
1. Beautiful and neatly constructed diagrams/charts are more attractive then simple figures
2. Comparison is made easy and it will save time of the user to make quick comparison of large data. 3. You can record comparison between two things or objects.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Graph categories can be reordered to emphasize certain effects
2. Use only with discrete data
3. Limited space for labeling with vertical bar graphs
This chart shows the populations of some European countries in 2007. The country with the largest
population is Germany, with over 80 million people
whereas Estonia has the smallest population, at little
more than a million. Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia and Ireland all have
populations or ten million or less, while Greece has a
population of about eleven million. Apart from Germany,
the largest countries are Spain, France and Italy with
populations ranging from about forty-four to sixty-three
million. Together, the four largest countries account for
over eighty per cent of the population of the countries
shown.
This chart shows the populations of major European
countries in 1996 and 2007. In all countries except Poland the
population rose in this period. The largest rise was in Turkey
where the population increased from over 62 to over 73
million, whereas the smallest increase was in Germany
where the population of 82 million rose by a few thousand.
Spain also had a fairly large increase from 39.4 million to 44.5
million, and France was not far behind with an increase of
almost 4 million. In the other two countries, Italy and the
United Kingdom, population growth was more modest with
increases of about 2.3 and 2.8 million respectively. In Poland,
the population fell by half a million. Poland had the smallest
population in both 1996 and 2007. Although Spain and
Portugal had comparable populations in 1996, Spain’s
Amount Year $10,000 2010
$8500 2011
$5000 2012
1. Summary:
The bar graph shows that every year between and including 2010 and 2012, the money that has been invested has decreased 50%.
2. Data Table
3. Infographics
These images can hold massive quantities of information in a visual way. For a person who is blind or with low vision these images are troublesome.
