The Meiobenthos Abundance as Bioindicators of Tangerang Coastal TWaters

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THE MEIOBENTHOS ABUNDANCE AS BIOINDICATORS

OF TANGERANG COASTAL WATERS

LUSITA MEILANA

DEPARTMENT OF AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE SCIENCE

BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BOGOR

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

Hereby I declare that the undergraduate thesis entitled "The Meiobenthos Abundance as Bioindicators of Tangerang Coastal Waters" is true of my work with the directives of the supervisor committee and has not been submitted in any form to any college. Sources of information derived or quoted from the work published and unpublished from other writers have mentioned in the text and listed in the references at the end of this paper.

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ABSTRACT

LUSITA MEILANA. The Meiobenthos Abundance as Bioindicators of Tangerang Coastal Waters. Supervised by MAJARIANA KRISANTI and YUSLI WARDIATNO.

Sediment at five stations along 54 points on Tangerang coastal waters were investigated to study meiobenthos abundance as bioindicators and the relationship between grain size and TOC. They were analyzed using N/C ratio and Spearman rank correlation. Sediment samples were collected during April and August 2013 and identified to the different taxa level. Nematodes were dominant taxa (90.81%), followed by Polychaeta (3.14%), Copepods (3.07%), Sarcomastigophora (2.46%), and Oligochaeta (0.53%) in all sampling sites. The meiobenthos was primarily represented by Nematodes amount 2029 ind/10 cm2. Meiobenthos diversity, dominancy, and evenness were not significantly different among the five sites. The density of meiobenthos organisms are positively correlated with the grain size and negatively correlated with TOC. The values of N/C ratio >1 indicated that Tangerang coastal waters have highly polluted by organic matter.

Keywords: bioindicators, meiobenthos, organic matter, sediment, Tangerang coastal waters

ABSTRAK

LUSITA MEILANA. Kepadatan Meiobentos sebagai Bioindikator di Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang. Dibimbing oleh MAJARIANA KRISANTI dan YUSLI WARDIATNO.

Pengambilan contoh sedimen dilakukan pada lima stasiun di 54 titik sepanjang wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang untuk mengetahui kelimpahan meiobentos sebagai bioindikator dan korelasinya terhadap grain size dan TOC. Analisis dengan menggunakan rasio N/C dan Spearman rank correlation. Sedimen diambil pada bulan April dan Agustus 2013 serta diidentifikasi pada level taksa yang berbeda. Lima taksa dominan yang ditemukan yaitu Nematoda 90.81%, Sarcomastigophora 2.46%, Polychaeta 3.14%, Copepoda 3.07%, dan Oligochaeta 0.53% di semua lokasi. Nematoda adalah jenis yang paling mendominasi sebanyak 2029 ind/10 cm2. Nilai keanekaragaman, dominansi, dan keseragaman tidak berbeda jauh di lima lokasi penelitian. Meiobentos berkorelasi positif dengan grain size dan negatif dengan TOC. Rasio N/C >1 mengindikasikan bahwa pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang telah tercemar bahan organik.

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This undergraduate thesis is

submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the bachelor degree of fisheries

on

Departement of Aquatic Resources Management

THE MEIOBENTHOS ABUNDANCE AS BIOINDICATORS

OF TANGERANG COASTAL WATERS

DEPARTMENT OF AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE SCIENCE

BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BOGOR

2014

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Title : The Meiobenthos Abundance as Bioindicators of Tangerang Coastal

TWaters

Name : Lusita Meilana NIM : C24100003

Major : Department of Aquatic Resources Management

Approved by

Dr Majariana Krisanti, SPi MSi First Supervisor

Dr Ir Yusli Wardiatno, MSc Second Supervisor

Dr Ir M Mukhlis Kamal, MSc Head of Department

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PREFACE

Praise to Allah, the most gracious and merciful. The writer could finish undergraduate thesis with the title “The Meiobenthos Abundance as Bioindicators of Tangerang Coastal Waters”. This undergraduate thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the bachelor degree of fisheries at Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Fisheries and Marine Faculty.

In finishing this undergraduate thesis much help in the form of guidance, suggestions, and corrections have been given to the writer. In this respect, the writer is greatly indebted to:

1. Bogor Agricultural University that has given chance to study. 2. BIDIK MISI Scholarship that has given fund to study at IPB.

3. PT. Kapuk Naga Indah and LPPM that have given fund to finish this research.

4. Dr Ir Yunizar Ernawati, MS as academic supervisor.

5. Dr Majariana Krisanti, SPi MSi and Dr Ir Yusli Wardiatno, MSc as supervisors, who have given valuable guidance, helps, and advices during the processes of writing this undergraduate thesis to the writer.

6. Dr Ir Isdradjad Setyobudiandi, MSc as examiner, Dr Ir Niken Tunjung Murti Pratiwi, MSi as education commission of Department of Aquatic Resources Management.

7. Beloved Father and Mother (Sutiyo and Dwi Setiya Wati), also sister (Novita Sastrawati) for their encouragement to finish this undergraduate thesis.

8. Tangerang team mates (Special for Akrom Muflih who has helped much). 9. Big family of Biomicro Laboratory (Special for Ibu Siti), Productivity and

Water Environment Division, as well as the entire Administration Department staff of Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University. 10.Great family of Department of Aquatic Resources Management batch 46,

47, 48, SDP 2013.

11.Every single person that cannot be mentioned, for their guidance and suggestions.

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LIST OF TABLES

1 Classes of sediment texture according to Wentworth scale in samples

composed sediment (LPPM 2013) 4

2 Total density (ind/10 cm2), diversity (H’), evenness (E), and dominancy (C) index of meiobenthos taxa in the five sites 7 3 Total numbers of meiobenthos density (ind/10 cm2) and percentage of

most abundant taxa (Nematodes and Copepods include both adults

and nauplii) at five stations 9

4 P statistic and correlation value for Spearman rank correlation (average abundances of five taxa contrasted with environmental

factors) ... 10

LIST OF FIGURES

1 Sampling area and location of stations: Kronjo (K), Mauk (M), Rawakidang (R), Tanjungpasir (T), and Dadap (D), sub-stations (K01-K09, M01-M06, R01-R15, T01-T15, and D01-D09) with composed of three replicate cores K1 (K01-K03), K2 (K04-K06), K3 (K07-K09), M1 (M01-M03), M2 (M04-M06), R1 (R01-R03), R2 (R04-R06), R3 (R07-R09), R4 (R10-R12), R5 (R13-R15), T1 (T01-T03), T2 (T04-T06), T3 (T07-T09), T4 (T10-T12), T5 (T13-T15), D1 (D01-D03), D2 (D04-D06), D3 (D07-D09) stations (map sources: WGS 1984) 2 2 Total Organic Carbon (TOC%) concentrations in sediment according

to Walkley & Black (LPPM 2013) 5

3 Proportion of five most meiobenthos abundance in April and August 7 4 Average numbers of major meiobenthos taxa (±SD) in the five study

areas (April and August), Kronjo (K), Mauk (M), Rawakidang (R),

Tanjungpasir (T) and Dadap (D) 8

5 Pearson cluster analysis of observations ((a) = April, (b) = August) for group average clustering of meiobenthos genera at Kronjo (K), Mauk (M), Rawakidang (R), Tanjungpasir (T) and Dadap (P) stations with

composed of three replicate cores 9

LIST OF APPENDIXES

1 Abundance of meiobenthos 15

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INTRODUCTION

Marine and coastal areas are very important for the majority of the Indonesian population. Amount 60% of the total Indonesia population, living, and active in that areas (Dahuri 1995). Tangerang coastal waters are one of coastal areas that face constant pressure in the form of ecological pollutants. Its originating from human activity such as: fisheries, mining, commercial, residential, social, and industrial plant (Ariyani & Sue 2009). This area has depleted over the past year, putting residents in the coastal areas at risk of tidal waves and sea rise published by Jakarta Post (2010). Land use patterns and characteristics created by human initiative have affected surface and groundwater quality, air quality, wildlife habitat availability and quality, climate, and also ecosystem structure. These impacts are becoming more significant when the human population growth and the ability to exploit natural resources has been improving (Khosla et al. 1995 in Kumurur 2002).

Damage to aquatic environment occurs due to the pollution from anthropogenic activities will affect the lives of aquatic biota such as plankton, benthos and fish (Sudarso et al. 2009). One of the impacts examples is waste heat from the power plant. It causes the water temperature increase and dangerous for benthic organisms (Huboyo et al. 2007). Moreover, excessive material inputs from other human activity, also can lead to the phenomenon of sediment grain size changes and can threaten benthic community change (Williams 1987 in Anggraeni 2002).

Benthic organisms are good bioindicators to monitor the impact of pollution on the environment quality, especially meiobenthos due to the presence of abundant in the fine sediments in bottom waters from the littoral zone to the basal zone (Susetiono 2000; Romimohtarto & Juwana 2001; Lampadariou et al. 2005; Prakitri 2008). Meiobenthos in marine sediments, has very important ecological roles such as caterers for a variety of higher tropic levels, plays an important role in the biodegradation of organic matter, facilitates biomineralization of organic matter, improve nutrient regeneration, nourish bottom waters, contributes to the interactive effects of marine other through competition, symbiosis, predation, and associations. High sensitivity to anthropogenic inputs, pollutants, and very important role, make meiobenthos become a good organism for studies of pollution and used as bioindicators in assessing the marine environment condition (Lee et al. 2000; Beier & Traunspurger 2001; Mistri et al. 2002; Stead et al. 2005; Mirto et al. 2000 in Wardiatno et al. 2012; Raffaelli 2000 in Wardiatno et al. 2012; Smith et al. 2001 in Wardiatno et al. 2012; Buat 2006 in Wardiatno et al. 2012).

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study Sites

The study area (Fig.1) includes five different stations along the Tangerang coastal waters: Kronjo (K), Mauk (M), Rawakidang (R), Tanjungpasir (T), and Dadap (D). The first study area is Kronjo. Kronjo has run off from two streams (Sipanjang and Cipasilian). The second site is Mauk, has run off from three streams (Cimandiri, Cileuleus, and Cimauk). The third site is Rawakidang has run off from two streams (Cirarab and Cisadane ordo). A next site is Tanjungpasir has run off from one stream (Cisadane). Dadap has run off from Kali Dadap and Kali Kamal (Jakarta), that location opposite the mouth of the Muara Angke Harbor.

Tangerang coastal waters are located in Eastern part of the Banten Province. Geographical located at 106o20'-106o43' East Longitude and 6o00'-6o20' South Latitude. This area is a shallow and has large tidal range characteristics and also small tilt. That caused the waves did not break in one part of the tidal flats for a long time. It made the rise and low tide more effectively in sediment transport process in tidal flat than compared with wave. Sediment distribution in tidal flats showed that the high tidal flats were dominated by mud and the low tidal flats were dominated by sand (Lanuru & Suwarni 2011).

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3 Tangerang coastal water includes parts of the Java Sea has average temperature ranged 21.5°C-34.1°C. The highest temperature in October and December amount 35.4 °C, minimum temperature in August amount 20.2°C. The humidity and light intensity in average about 79.9% and 54.5%. The highest rainfall occurred in June and November was 17 mm, and the rainfall was 10.9 mm in a year. The rainfall season in January with the 24 days and in August 3 days only. Average wind speed in a year was 3.5 km/h, with a maximum speed of 24 km/h (BPS 2012).

Sampling Method and Treatment of Samples

Primary data (meiobenthos) and secondary data (grain size and TOC) from LPPM (2013) were taken. Sampling was carried out in April and August 2013. In each station, five stations (K, M, R, T, and D) with 54 sub-stations (K01-K09, M01-M06, R01-R15, T01-T15, and D01-D09) were sampled for meiobenthos and sediment analysis. Sediment samples were obtained using Van Veen grab (opening size: 25 x 45 cm) with opener in up part. At each location, the grab was deployed three times. Particle size distribution was determined and the sediment fractions were defined according to the Wentworth scale (Gray & Elliott 2009).

Subsamples for meiobenthos analyzed were collected in triplicate using a sediment corer (minicorer: 2 inch internal diameter) and these samples were taken from Van Veen grab opener. Samples were fixed in 4% neural formaldehyde solution and treated in Bio micro laboratory, Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB: Samples of organisms were extracted from coarser sediments and other debris by manual and retained on a 35 μm and 60 μm mesh sieve. Meiobenthos was stained with Rose Bengal solution, sorted, and counted into the different major taxa under a microscope (Leonardis et al. 2008). Standard identification keys “Guide to Identification of Marine and Estuarine Invertebrates” was used for taxonomic based on morphological characteristics (Gosner et al. 1971).

Data Analysis

Number of species and the numbers of individuals per species were analyzed with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (Krebs 1998). Simpson dominance index (Krebs 1998) was used to determine the dominant biota species or dominate much and evenness index was used to determine the level of similarity among species (Krebs 1998). Total density was defined as the total number of individuals (ind/10 cm2) overall per area. Taxa density was defined as the average of individual types in each type of the station, and generally counted in the density calculation of meiobenthos ind/10 cm2. Pearson cluster analysis of observations was applied to determine the contribution of higher meiobenthos taxa to the dissimilarity between the areas or to determine the same type of taxa abundance number in stations. It was performed using Minitab 15.

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Copepods can indicate the intensity of organic contamination. The high ratio of N/C (N/C >1) indicates the presence of organic pollution (Susetiono 2000). One-way ANOVA test was used to determine the significantly different among the five sites. Simple regression analysis, to determine for main component that gives high effect to Nematodes and Copepods. Spearman rank correlation was applied to describe the correlation between abundance of meiobenthic communities and environmental factors (grain size and TOC), it was performed using SPSS 20.

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5 Figure 2 represent the concentrations of TOC in sediment according to Walkley & Black, They have different concentrations between one station and other, the higher was at D1 amount 2.88% and the lower at R2 amount 0.38% with number of average in all sites were 1.22% in April. The higher concentrations at M2 amount 2.43% and the lower at K2 amount 0.14% with number of average in all sites were 1.67% in August.

Fig. 2 Total Organic Carbon (TOC%) concentrations in sediment according to Walkley & Black (LPPM 2013)

Total density of five the most abundant taxa (Nematodes 90.81%, Sarcomastigophora 2.46%, Polychaeta 3.14%, Copepods 3.07%, and Oligochaeta 0.53%) for all sampling sites are. Station R was the most abundant site than other sites, amount 447 ± 180.26 SD ind/10 cm2 in April and 482 ± 197.61 SD ind/10 cm2 in August. Furthermore, in station D the less abundant meiobenthos, amount 56 ± 14.37 SD ind/10 cm2 in April and 122 ± 50.39 SD ind/10 cm2 in August (Table 2).

In all sampling sites, the meiobenthos showed low values of diversity (H’), evenness (E) and high dominancy (C), H’ ranged from 0.31 (K) to 0.89 (D) in April, and from 0.26 (K) to 0.45 (M) in August. The evenness (E) ranged from 0.15 (K) to 0.49 (D) in April and in August 0.16 (K) to 0.28 (M). The dominant (C) ranged from 0.46 (D) to 0.88 (K) and in August ranged from 0.79 (M) to 0.90 (K) (Table 2). The one-way ANOVA test revealed that meiobenthos

Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’), Simpson evenness (E) and dominancy (C) indicates based

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represent 2.53% in April and 45 ind/10 cm2 amount 3.45% from five dominant taxa according temporal side (Fig.3, Fig.4, and Appendix 1).

The highest Nematodes abundance represent 93% with 450 ind/10 cm2 in station R and the lowest Nematodes represent 43% with 23 ind/10 cm2 in station D. Station D in April recorded the highest abundance value for Sarcomastigophora taxa amount 55% with 30 ind/10 cm2. The present study indicated that considerable changes occur in the community structure associated with organic enrichment (Fig.2).

Nematodes and Copepods were the most important taxa of meiobenthos communities. High value of Nematodes percentage show dominant taxon at all sampling sites (Table 3 and Fig.3) ranged from 96.66% (R) to 98.19% (M) in April and 91.69% (M) to 97.99% (D) in August. However, Copepods percentage in April ranged from 1.81% (M) to 4.09% (D) and 2.01% (D) to 8.31% (M) in August. The N/C values were high (N/C ratio greater than 1) in each sites. They were ranged from 28.93 (R) to 54.26 (M) in April and in August ranged from 11.03 (M) to 48.67 (D) showed in Table 3.

The result for simple regression analysis Nematodes abundance has correlation with TOC (p=0.01, R2=0.35) only in April. This organic matter is having an effect on meiobenthos community. On the contrary in August, these variables do not give an effect on Nematodes abundance (p>0.05). However, Copepods abundance data in August showed a main correlation value with two variables (grain size and TOC), only grain size (p=0.002, R2=0.44) are having an effect on Copepods abundance. Different from the result in April, these variables do not give an effect on Copepods abundance (p>0.05). It means that the relationship between Copepods community and environmental variables are generally weak. All the result indicated that the environmental variables measured from sediment composition, or some variable correlated with it, is most important in influencing changes in community at this site.

Similarity dendrogram, constructed from averaged abundance of meiobenthos. The resulting dendograms of the cluster analysis are represented in Fig.5. All stations were separated, made seven clusters in April but five substations did show any significant differences in group. Six clusters in August with three substations did show any significant differences because clearly separated from the other substations. This grouping occurs because each station has the same type of taxa abundance number.

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April August

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9 Table 3 Total numbers of meiobenthos densities (ind/10 cm2) and percentage of most abundant taxa (Nematodes and Copepods include both adults and nauplii) at five stations

April August

K M R T D K M R T D

Total (ind/10 cm2)

119 57 426 220 24 169 161 462 345 117

N/C 35.20 54.26 28.93 46.79 23,43 43.64 11.03 37.51 24.18 48.67 N (%) 97.24 98.19 96.66 97.91 97.66 97.76 91.69 97.40 96.03 97.99 C (%) 2.76 1.81 3.34 2.09 4.09 2.24 8.31 2.60 3.97 2.01

N=Nematodes, C=Copepods

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(b)

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Table 4 P statistic and correlation value for Spearman rank correlation (average abundances of five taxa contrasted with environmental factors)

Environmental Variables Correlation P-value

Grain size 0.54* 0.01

TOC -0.41* 0.04

*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (1-tailed).

Discussion

In this study, Nematodes were generally the most abundant meiobenthic group amount 2029 ind/10 cm2 (91%) in all sites and the silt (Md=0.0055-0.0544 mm) fractions was the main sediment components at all sites. It shows that the Nematodes have the most widely distribution capabilities and high tolerance to poor environmental conditions. This result is consistent with previous data by Deudero & Vincx (2000), Xiaoshou et al. (2004), Lampadariou et al. (2005), Leonardis et al. (2008), Kumary (2008), Sandulli et al. (2010), Sharma et al. (2012), Miljutin et al. (2012) with more than 39% until 100% in Nematodes numbers. According to Nybakken (1992) the factors that give an effect to the life of interstitial organism as meiobenthos are granular particle size, hydrological characteristics, season, oxygen, sediment, and nutrients. Once again by Coul & Chandler (2001), meiobenthos are closely associated with this muddy-sediment geochemical soup, as they spend their entire life cycle there and have limited ability to leave. Giere (1993), Coul & Chandler (2001) emphasized that finer sediment being preferred by Nematodes and the courser often by Harpacticoids. Nematodes tends to be more tolerant to pollution and can survive in low oxygen as reported by Gee et al. (1985), Warwick et al. (1988), Bejarano et al. (2005), Wolff (1983) in Wardiatno et al. (2012).

Nematodes abundance indicates that the Tangerang coastal waters had significantly higher depositions that will ultimately depleting the oxygen content due to the decomposition of organic matter. Pennak (1978) mentioned that the Nematodes are able to live in an anaerobic condition for several weeks and the eggs have a high durability, may still hatch after months of not getting oxygen, after several freeze and thaw. Sediment grain size cannot be separated from the surrounding environment that helps the formation of sediments, such as sediment source components derived from the mainland as abrasion, erosion or wastes which carried by the river to the coast. In other words there has been a processing of high pollution, thought come from industries, domestic, fisheries, and community settlements. In fact, this result is consistent with previous data by Prakitri (2008) in Jerambah and Buding streams showing that Nematodes were indication of organic matters pollution.

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11 Besides Nematodes, the second dominant of meiobenthos types was Polychaeta (3.14%) amount 74 ind/10 cm2 in all sites, and the highest at station R amount 34 ind/10 cm2. This station has a grain size range of larger size (0.0084 mm-0.1015 mm). It is suspected that the Polychaeta is a type of meiobenthos, like environment with a high sand and low organic C content. This is supported by Marhaeni (1999) that Polychaeta was found in many environments with low redox, high sand content, low salinity, high temperature, high pH, and low organic C physicals, chemical, and biological factors (Susetiono 1999). Nematodes are detritus feeder therefore enrichment of organic matter increasing the number. Whereas Copepods are microalgae or diatom grazers, they are very sensitive with the presence of oxygen and reacts negatively to the presence of organic load (Susetiono 2000). In the present study, N/C ratios were high >1 in all sites. It indicates that the presence of organic pollution high in Tangerang coast, intensity of organic contamination was occurred in this area. Espoused by the result of simple regression analysis, Nematodes abundance has correlation with TOC (p=0.01, R2=0.35). Nevertheless, Copepods have correlation with grain size (p=0.002, R2=0.44). Normally, Copepods density increases as sediment particle size increases. Type of substrate texture associated with the circulation of water that supply the oxygen content and organic matter content as nutrient (Giere 1993).

The low diversity, evenness, and high dominance close to 1 in average numbers (Table 2) throughout the sampling locations Kronjo, Mauk, Rawakidang, Tanjungpasir and Dadap indicated that meiobenthos coast has experienced a disturbance of normal water conditions (Brower & Zar 1997). Giere (1993)

explained that silt has low H’ (diversity index) and high C (dominancy index).

Taking place around rivers and coastal areas, anthropogenic activities have increased metal contamination in waters and increase dominance, which only specific type of meiobenthos groups are able to survive, in this study was Nematodes.

Based on the results of the Spearman rank correlation between meiobenthos and environmental factors (grain size and TOC) meiobenthos are significant correlated to the physic-chemical conditions of the sediment and TOC. The existence of meiobenthos organisms are affected by grain size which is a habitat for meiobenthos. Generally, the correlation between the structure and the distribution of sediment meiofauna very strong, which dominated from various factors. It is often directly related to the dominance and diversity of meiofauna (Gray & Buchanan 1984 in Giere 1993).

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of benthos. The content of organic matter in the sediments is closely related to the type of sediment. The abundance of meiobenthos correlated by waters quality condition, especially the contents of organic matter and substrate conditions that support and comfort to meiobenthos life (McLachlan et al. 1981 in Giere 1993).

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusions

Five most abundant taxa found in proportion were Nematodes 90.81%, Sarcomastigophora 2.46%, Polychaeta 3.14%, Copepods 3.07%, and Oligochaeta 0.53%. Tangerang coastal waters have highly polluted by organic matter indicated by presence of Nematodes taxa as the most abundant and dominated meiobenthos types, also the high value of the N/C ratio at all sites. The density of meiobenthos organisms are significant positive correlated with the grain size and negative with TOC.

Recommendation

For future study analysis which should be conducted are: determine the specific species that can become bioindicator, especially from Nematodes taxa and continue researches about the effect of the pollutions for meiobenthos life specifically.

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APPENDIXES

Appendix 1 Abundance of meiobenthos Taxa abundance (Ind/10 cm2) in April

No Abundance Nematodes Sarcomastigophora Polychaeta Copepods Oligochaeta

1 K1 47.02 0.00 1.59 0.49 1.59

Taxa abundance (Ind/10 cm2) in August

No Abundance Nematodes Sarcomastigophora Polychaeta Copepods Oligochaeta

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Appendix 2 Documentation of the research

Fig 1. Nematodes Fig 2. Oligochaeta

Fig 3. Copepods Fig 4. Sarcomastigophora

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Writer name is Lusita Meilana, second child from two and Born on May 2th 1992 at Pematang Tahalo, Lampung. Father name is Sutiyo from Wonogiri and mothers name is Dwi Setiya Wati from Boyolali. Sister name is Novita Sastrawati.