CONFIGURATIONS OF TENOR USED IN SETYA
NOVANTO’S UTTERANCES ON FREEPORT ISSUE
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By :
DIAH MUTIARA ISNAENI
Registration Number : 2122220005
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
ABSTRACT
Isnaeni, Diah Mutiara, 2122220005. Configurations of Tenor Used in Setya Novanto’s Utterances on Freeport Issue. A thesis, English Department,Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan,2016
This study aims to find out the configurations of tenor used in Setya Novanto’s uterances on Freeport Issue. It is conducted to figure out how is his involvement in term of compromising the contract expansion of Freeport Company in Indonesia. The data of this study was given data taken from internet. The source of data was the transcript conversation among Setya Novanto, Maroef Sjamsudin, and Muhammad Riza Chalid when they had meeting in SCBD Hotel, Jakarta on June 8th 2015 and the data analyzed was ninety eight utterances of Setya Novanto which were found in the conversation. Those utterances then analyzed by four aspects of tenor namely status, formality, contact, and affective involvement. After analyzing the data, it was found that from 16 Tenor configurations, Setya
Novanto’s utterances imply 8 of them. The most dominant configuration used by
him was [Informal,Equal,Frequent,(-)affective involvement] with 67 frequencies. Those configurations imply language deviation toward Indonesia President by uttering inappropriate personal pronoun and dubbing him an epithet. In term of linguistic features, he used ellipsis, figurative meanings, and borrowing words in this Freeport issue conversation because in fact, he had close relationship with his interlocutors. In summary, this conversation mainly discussed about arranging the plan to evoke Indonesia President, Joko Widodo to deal with the contract expansion of Freeport Company in Indonesia.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A great gratitude and praise the author would like presenting to the Almighty
Allah SWT because of his blessing and mercy, the author is achieved a chance to
conduct this thesis then complete it excellently as the partial fulfillments of
requirements for Sarjana Sastra degree at English Department, Faculty of Arts and
Languages, State University of Medan.
During completing this thesis, the author also has those whom she asked
guidances, helps, and supports to since its preparation until its finish. Thus, the
sincere appreciations are adressed for these following people :
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., The Rector of State University of Medan
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., The Dean of Faculty of Language and Arts (FBS) State University of Medan
Prof. Dr. Hj.Sumarsih, M.Pd., The Head of English and Literature Department as well as Dra. Meisuri, M.A., The Secretary of English and
Literature Department for their encouragement and motivation during the writer’s thesis writing.
H. Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum., The Head of Literature Study Program and Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., The Head of English
Education Program Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of
Medan
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd., The Administrator Staff of English Department, for helping the writer on compiling the fulfillments for this thesis
Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., P.hD, her first thesis advisor, who had been very attentive towards the writer’s writing by giving beneficial corrections,
comments and suggestions and Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd, her
second thesis advisor and also her academic advisor who kept reminding
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All lecturers in Faculty of Languages and Arts of State University of
Medan who had shared their knowledges and experiences both in
academic and non-academic field that were very useful for her personally.
Her beloved parents, Alm. Gatot Iskandar, B.E and Nafsiatun Addawiyah and her step father, Subagio, for their myriad endearments that became the writer’s trigger to complete this thesis on time and their
supports both psychologically and financially so she was be able to be
through this path and eventually reachs her bachelor degree
Her both sister and brother, Shinta Atikah Azharisna and Muhammad
Zuhra Tri Anggawan, who be the very good siblings dropping their kindnesses when facing her lament during her thesis completion
Her New Adults plus Bibup mates, Syulika Daulay, Ika Nurita Kinanti, Nina Meisahrina, Annisa Anggia Ayu Maghfira and Mutia Suri who always wrapped her in warmth whenever obstacles came up and ones
whose tremendous and sincere love that continiously blasting herself while finishing this thesis
Her Oldies Friends, Atika Syafnah Nasution, Bimby Sarah Soraya
Harahap, Cut Lela Casanova, and Osnalda Sitanggang for their opened hands and ears accepting herself whenever help was needed while
completing this thesis
Her classmates in English Literature B 2012, for the unforgettable
memories since she joined in four years ago.
The last but not least, Her half decade heartmate, Muhammad Fauzi, for
his forbearance assisting her, a splendid companion to be leant on, and
keep boosting up when her irregular mood existed during the completion
of her thesis.
Medan, June 2016
The author,iv
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Theoritical Framework………...……….9
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e. Intimate Style...28
4. Meaning of Utterances………...28
a. Kinds of Meaning………...….29
1). Lexical and Grammatical Meaning………...29
2). Denotative and Connotative Meaning………...30
3). Literal and Figurative Meaning……….30
b. Changes of Meaning………..31
5. Communication ...32
a. Types of Communication...33
b. Communication Process...34
6. Politic Communication...36
7. Description of Freeport Company...40
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CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion………..71
B. Suggestion ……….72
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices A………...………...75
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of StudyAn essential thing in human life is language. It is called essential due to
the role of it is very important to maintain human life. Without language,
human cannot hardly interact with others. The gestures obviously difficult to
interpret what people aimed because they oftentimes cannot represent the
intended goal specifically. Language varies “according to its uses as well as its
users, where it is used and to whom, and who is using it” (Holmes:2007).
Language, basically used by more than one person. It is caused by the
reality that the main function of language is for communicating. Therefore,
while language is used, it needs the addressee as the informant and the
addresser as the information taker. Both of those communicators will be
having in a context, where the topic talks about. Context can be defined as
anything that accompanies a text. By means, it always goes along with text.
Text in its use can be formed as written or spoken. In written form, it is
usually signalled by punctuation, while in spoken one, it involves the number
of speakers. (Saragih:2006) states that whom takes turn everything that said or
written form in context is reffered to as social context. In line with that,
(Sinar:2002) states that language construes the social contexts in which
language users live, and it is at the same time construed by the social context.
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context of situation. The role of situation consists of field, tenor and mode.
Field is used to analyze what the situation is . Tenor for analyzing who the
participants are involved, and Mode is used to analyze how the situation
happen.
Since globalization era appeared, technology is rapidly advanced. It brings
people getting faster to accomplish their tasks. To exemplify, the appearance
of mobile phone has reducted the use of either telephone or faximile which
earlier being favorite communication tool. The ease of using mobile phone
finally makes people move on to this more practical one. No matter what age
it is, either the young or old ones, they have their own mobile phone
nowadays. It is caused by the obvious phenomenon where the features of
mobile phone served very complete. Those like taking picture, recording
sounds and video, and playing music provided by a communication tool
named mobile phone.
This beneficiary apparently also approaches President of Freeport
company in Indonesia, Maroef Sjamsudin to record his conversation by using
his own mobile phone with Setya Novanto, The Head of The Representative
House of Republic Indonesia and Muhammad Riza Chalid, an Indonesia
enterpreneur while they had meeting related to the negotiation of Freeport
contract expansion in Indonesia in one of luxurious hotels in Jakarta in the
middle of 2015 ago.
Recording literally means a process to save someone pictures or voices in
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can be a video or even voice recording. It is said video recording if can be
both seen and listened. Comparatively, it is said voice recording if it only
enables to be listened.
In case of Freeport issue, Maroef Sjamsudin recorded their conversation
by only using voice recorder feature in his mobile phone. Thus, people can
only listen to their voices without seeing the faces of each. The name of Setya
Novanto whose position is as The Head of The Representative House of
Republic of Indonesia became very popular since his involvement in Freeport
issue revealed after The Indonesia Ministry of Human and Energy Resources,
Sudirman Said stated that there were important people involved in case of
easing Freeport contract expansion in Indonesia while he had conversation
with Najwa Shihab on Mata Najwa Program.
Based on transcript conversation among Setya Novanto and the two others
whose big roles in Freeport company; Maroef Sjamsoeddin and Muhammad
Riza Chalid, it is eventually known that Novanto suspected break his
profession because promising the private profit to specific people related to
this importance. Not only is that, he is also assumed profiteering the name of
Indonesia President, Jokowi and Vice President, Jusuf Kalla to smooth his
plan. ‘’Saya sih yakin itu karena Presiden sendiri kasih kode begitu dan itu
berkali-kali. Yang urusan kita di DPR , itu kita ketemu segitiga, Pak Luhut,
saya ,dan Presiden. Akhirnya setuju. Ngomongnya gini Presiden. Saya sudah
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semua. Ini belum tentu bisa dikuasai menteri-menteri, yang gini-gini. Enggak
ngerti malah Bapak.’’
‘’ I believe due to he has encoded it many times. The matter on DPR, We
three had already met, Mr. Luhut, President, and I. It has been agreed
afterward. I have met President, and he fixed it. Based on my experience, it is
for all of our success. I couldn’t ensure it could be governed by the ministries.
You wouldn’t understand instead.’’
Setya Novanto, in fact uses language deviation for addressing President,
Jokowi. Frst, because he dubs him kopping from dutch language which means
stubborn.
„‟Pengalaman saya ya Pak, Presiden ini agak kopping tapi bisa
merugikan semua.’’
‘’ Based on my experience, I can conclude that President is a stubborn who
can be harmful for all of us.
And second, he uses inappropriate reference to refer President. „‟Itupun
diatur gimana akhirnya Presiden bisa perintahkan Jusuf Kalla enggak datang.
Dia pindahkan kesana, pindah ada acara.‘’
‘’It had been settled earlier that President commanded Jusuf Kalla for not
coming. He moved to another event eventually.’’
Genuinely, he supposed to refer President by using ‟Beliau‟ because his
position is higher than him and is a leader in the country who has to be
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As Indonesian people, it has been an obligatory for knowing the situation
of our own country, especially in government field which the whole activities
related to citizenship conducted there. Indeed, the role to help government has
been being the duty of each citizen. This issue attracts the researcher‟s
attention because it consists of two sides who admit that both of them are in
the right position. The Indonesia Ministry of Human and Energy Resources as
the reporter of this issue believes that Setya Novanto had made a mistake in
ethics codes session related to his position as The Head of The Representative
House of Indonesia. In the other hand, Setya Novanto convinced that there
was no specific goal while he had conversation with Maroef Sjamsudin and
Muhammad Riza Chalid related about Freeport issue. He admitted that he had
worked based on its rule.
Thus, as a linguistic student, the researcher will play her role to help
government by analyzing the involvement of Setya Novanto on Freeport issue
based on his language, in this case is his utterances. Due to this analysis is
going to deepen Setya Novanto‟s role as one of participants in that
conversation, it will be analyzed based on configurations of Tenor in context
of situation.
Tenor, as the interpersonal meaning is more focused on the interaction
between addressee and addresser. It tends to the influence of they behaviour
and how the speakers convey their each point of views. In the other words,
tenor sees how participants in certain context work together to maintain the
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(Saragih:2014), Tenor consists of four points; namely, status,contact, affective
involvement, and formality.
In addition, Setya Novanto‟s utterances will be analyzed and elaborated by
each Tenor points, so that it can be known what is actually the goal of Setya
Novanto had a conversation with those people.
B. Problems of Study
In line with the background explained above, the problems of this study are
formulated as below :
1. What configurations of Tenor are described in Setya Novanto‟s utterances
addressed to two interactants related to his involvement on freeport issue ?
2. How are configurations of Tenor elaborated in Setya Novanto‟s utterances
related to his involvement on freeport issue realized in linguistic features ?
3. Why are the configurations of Tenor in Setya Novanto‟s utterances related
to his involvement on freeport issue objectively realized in the way they
are ?
C. Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problems, the objectives of this study are as follow:
1. To describe configurations of Tenor used in Setya Novanto‟s utterances
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2. To elaborate the realization of Tenor configurations in linguistic features
used in Setya Novanto‟s utterances addressed to two interactants related
to freeport issue
3. To reason for the use of Tenor configurations realized in Setya Novanto‟s
utterances addressed to two interactants related to freeport issue
D. Scope of the Study
This study is limited for analyzing the configurations of Tenor which are
indicated in Setya Novanto‟s utterances related to freeport issue that are
addressed to the two other interactants, Maroef Sjamsudin and Muhammad
Riza Chalid in a conversation. According to (Saragih:2014) There are four
configurations of Tenor, they are Status, Formality, Affective involvement,
and Contact. Thus, each utterances of Setya Novanto will be analyzed and
elaborated based on those configurations.
E. Significance of the Study
The researcher expects this study will deepen her understanding towards
Tenor configurations especially one which is realized in a conversation. It is
also expected that this study can add new horizon to linguistic theory and
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In addition, the findings of this study are definitely expected can give
more contribution to Indonesia government on revealing Setya Novanto‟s
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
The conclusions of this study can be drawn as follow:
1. There are 8 from 16 Tenor configurations realized in Setya Novanto’s
utterances in the conversation related to Freeport issue, they are :
[Formal/Equal/Frequent/+Affect] with 1 frequency
[Formal/Equal/Frequent/-Affect] with 21 frequencies
[Formal/Equal/Infrequent/-Affect] with 2 frequencies
[Formal/Unequal/Frequent/-Affect] with 2 frequencies
[Formal/Unequal/Infrequent/-Affect] with 1 frequency
[Informal/Equal/Frequent/+Affect] with 3 frequencies
[Informal/Equal/Frequent/-Affect] with 67 frequencies
[Informal/Unequal/Frequent/-Affect] with 1 frequency
2. The Tenor configurations of Setya Novanto imply language deviation
toward Indonesia President by uttering inappropriate personal pronoun
and dubbing him an epithet. In term of linguistic features uttered, he
uses ellipsis, figurative meanings, and borrowing words in this
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3. with his interlocutors. Thus it does not become a matter to him uses
those terminologies. The common language style used by him is casual
one because he oftentimes attaches laughter expression and interjection
into his utterances.
4. The most frequent Tenor configuration used by Setya Novanto is
[Informal/Equal/Frequent/-Affect] because he commonly talks about
his experiences with some important people in Indonesia and relates it
to his next plan persuading Indonesia President to expand the contract
expansion of Freeport Company in Indonesia.
B. Suggestion
Based on the conclusions above, the suggestions can be stated as follow:
1. To reveal the involvement of participants in a discourse, it is suggested
for the analyst to analyze the Tenor configurations realized in it.
2. Before analyzing Tenor configurations in a discourse, it is suggested
for the analyst to know the field of the context discussed.
3. For one(s) who want to conduct the similar analysis, it is suggested
that the analyst should have had a good comprehension about Systemic
Functional Language (SFL) before conducting it because the findings
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