THE DISCRIMINATION OF JANE AUSTEN IN
MISS AUSTEN
REGRETS
FILM BY USING LIBERAL FEMINISM
Lala Nurbaiti Fadlah
NIM: 204026002781
ENGLISH LETTER DEPARTMENT
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
THE DISCRIMINATION OF JANE AUSTEN IN
MISS AUSTEN
REGRETS
FILM BY USING LIBERAL FEMINISM
A Thesis
Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Letters Scholar
Lala Nurbaiti Fadlah
NIM: 204026002781
ENGLISH LETTER DEPARTMENT
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
APPROVEMENT
THE DISCRIMINATION OF JANE AUSTEN IN MISS AUSTEN REGRETS FILM BY USING LIBERAL FEMINISM
A Thesis
Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Letters Scholar
Lala Nurbaiti Fadlah NIM. 204026002781
Approved by: Advisor
Elve Oktafiyani M.Hum NIP 197810032001122002
ENGLISH LETTER DEPARTMENT ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
ABSTRACT
Lala Nurbaiti Fadlah, the Discrimination
of
Jane Austen in Miss. Austen Regrets Film by Using Liberal Feminism. Skripsi. Jakarta: Adab and Humanities Faculty, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, July 2010.LEGALIZATION
Nama : Lala Nurbaiti Fadlah NIM : 204026002781
Title : The Discrimination of Jane Austen in Miss Austen Regrets Film by Using Liberal Feminism.
The thesis has been defended before the Letters and Humanities Faculty’s Examination Committee on July 21, 2010. It has been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Letters Scholar.
Jakarta, July 21, 2010
Examination Committee
Signature Date
1. Dr. H. M. Farkhan, M.pd (Chair Person) ………… ……… NIP. 196509192000031002
2. Drs. A. Saefuddin, M.pd (Secretary) ………… ……… NIP. 196407101993031006
3. Elve Oktafiyani M.Hum (Advisor) ………… ……… NIP. 197810032001122002
4. Dr. H. M. Farkhan, M.pd (Examiner I) ………… ……… NIP. 196509192000031002
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the next.
Jakarta, July 21, 2010
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, The most Gracious, The most Merciful.
First of all, the writer would like to grant the most gratitude and much thankfulness to Allah SWT, the Lord of the universe and the owner of my soul and life. She is sure that she cannot do anything without him. He provides us with all of His blessed in our life. Then, peace and blessing be upon our prophet Muhammad SAW and all of his friend and flowers.
The writer would like to express her highest gratitude to her family: Her father (H. Baihaqi), her mother (Hj. Uzlah), for giving support, spirit, prayers, hope, and all the contributions of the writer needs, until finished her study in the university. So, thank to her brothers: Ahmad Muttaqin and Muhammad Adzkarin for all their attention to her.
The writer would like to express her gratitude to her advisor Mrs Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum for her great patients and contributions in finishing this paper. Without her advices and critics, this thesis will mean nothing.
The writer wishes to say her gratitude to the following persons:
1. Dr. H. Abdul Wahid Hasyim, M. Ag, the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University.
2. Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M. Pd, the head of English Letters Department. 3. Drs. A. Saefuddin, M. Pd, the secretary of English Letters Department. 4. All lecturers of English Letters Department who have taught and educated the
5. All of the writer’s friends at English Letters Department, especially her classmates (Mba Ifa, Cut, Velma, Dedi, Yusuf, Ipul, Sule, Adit, Rahman, Krismantion, Aby, Budi, Dodo, Ridho, etc)
6. The writer’s best friends at English Letters Department, especially (Nina, Iyut, Opi) thanks for giving support, spirit when we always share everything our problems together.
7. The writer’s roommates in the rent house, Ifat, Ijah, Khoza, Kiki, Sri, Nida and Muthmainah for sharing idea and encouraging the writer in finishing this thesis.
8. Especially for her beloved, Muhammad Firdaus for giving support, spirits and motivation to finish her study in doing this thesis at Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University.
May Allah bless them all. Finally, the writer release that this paper is far from being perfect. Accordingly, the writer hopes any suggestion and criticism for this paper.
Jakarta, July 21, 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. Technique of Data Analysis ... 6
3. Unit of Analysis ... 6
4. Place and Time of the Research ... 7
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ... 8
1. Feminism ... 8
2. Liberal Feminism ... 10
3. Character ... 13
a. Major and Minor ... 14
b. Protagonist and Antagonist ... 15
4. Characterization ... 17
CHAPTER III: RESEAECH FINDINGS ... 19
A. Kind of discrimination happened to Jane Austen as the main character in Miss. Austen Regrets film ... 19
B. Jane Austen fights toward the discrimination ... 29
CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 35
A. CONCLUSION ... 35
B. SUGGESTION ... 36
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Study
Recently, there have been many discussions dealing with the women’s
rumor who want to be existence’s feminist or women’s right movement1. In a board understanding, feminism can be challenging, which include women and
men acting, speaking and writing women’s issues, rights and identifying social
injustice in the status quo. Feminism tells about a woman idea toward her rights,
equality, position and status between men and women in many life aspects, like
social area, politics, education, and economics. Since the 1980s, some feminists
have argued that feminist movement should address as global issues and
culturally specific issues. Other feminist have argued that gender roles are social
rather than biological phenomena2. “Feminists always have insisted that a woman need for men more than the basic uncomplicated need for love, affection,
companionship, etc”.3 This situation in society is calls patriarchy society.
1
Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_feminism retrieved 28 May 2009.
2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/feminism retrieved 28 May 2009
3
Jean curthoys, Feminist Amnesia: The Wake of Women’s Liberation (New York, NY 1997) P.26
In fiction, several women agree with a woman’s characteristics. A
woman has discriminated everything in the society for centuries. Here, Kamla
Bhasin’s and Night Said Khan’s opinion is "the discrimination of inductivity
happened for woman in family and society. It is considered with women who
make the difference in their life"4.
In 20th century, woman writes about her problem to make on improvement in society. The writings explained about point of views of a woman,
which is untouchable in the patriarchy society. In Mary Wollstonecraft’s book
entitled “Vindication the Right of Woman”, Mary refuses the Rousseau’s idea that
the differences between woman and man in ability, characteristics, and biological
aspects will determine someone’s position in the society. The idea of feminism
does not only come from women, but it comes from men too, as John Stuart Mill
in his book "The Subjection of Woman". Mill criticized that the treatment in
domestic sector as irrational and emotional activity. Mill’s opinions that a woman
emphasizes and eliminates all aspect that relates to domestic work can reach.
In this matter, the writer is interested in studying a film, which she tells about a woman’s regrets of her decision and she has not married in the age of
forty. In analyzing Miss. Austen Regrets film, directed by Jeremy Lovering. Mr.
Harris Bigg wants to propose Miss Austen to be his wife. Miss Austen would
4
accept it but her sister Cassandra, makes her doubt in decision. Her sister has
influenced to refuse Mr. Harris Bigg’s proposal. Moreover, she chooses to be the
professional writers to present her stories in the novel.
The professional writers are keeping the commitment and consistency
with their characters development.5 According to the writer that Miss Austen Regret’s film, represent as an honest strong woman with full of integrity who
makes a decision for writing instead of marrying without love. Her choices will
fight the manner society and disappoint with her family, adding pressure and
stress in her life. Therefore, all of her family give full of supports what Miss
Austen did as the writer. In her career, Miss Austen keeps her principles and
talents to be a professional writer and all of her family accepted her decision to be
a writer. Miss Austen cannot marry in the top of her career because of her sister;
Cassandra pushes her to focus on her writing.
Miss Austen reached her career by launching the first novel released in
the 1811 entitled “Sense and Sensibility”. The next years, she also released “Pride and Prejudice” in 1813, a film of romantic drama ever making. Moreover, the third novel released in 1814 entitled “Mansfield Park”. Moreover, the forth novel released in 1815 entitled “Emma”. She wanted to make her family happy to become a writer and her salary was given to her mother and sister.
5
Finally, Miss Austen decides to be alone because her sister, Cassandra.
Her regrets not marry with Mr. Harris Bigg. However, Miss Austen is very happy
because her feeling for him does not change until the end. Finally, Miss Austen
becomes the famous writer and unmarried woman. Moreover, the last words
before she dies, “this is given by God for me; I feel more happiness than what I
have properly gets." Miss Austen felt happy for her life, cause of her decision
becoming a novelist without someone special in her life until she dies in her
regrets. This reason, the writer analyzes the discrimination of Jane Austen as the
main character in “Miss. Austen Regrets” film using feminism liberal theory.
B. Focus of Study.
Based on background of study above, this research will focus to study
feminism approach at 'Jane Austen' as the main character in "Miss. Austen
Regrets" film written by Gwyneth Huges using the theory of liberal feminism.
This paper will study about a woman’s character presented in “Miss. Austen
Regrets” film.
C. Research Questions.
Based on background of study above, the writer has two following
1. What kinds of discrimination happened to Jane Austen as the main character
in Miss. Austen Regrets film?
2. How does Jane Austen fight toward the discrimination?
D. Objectives of Study
1. To know kind of discrimination happened to Jane Austen as the main
character.
2. To know Jane Austen fight toward the discrimination in Miss. Austen Regrets
film.
E. Significances of Study.
The writer hopes that literary research can give some significant
information about feminism approach for other students, so that it will be various
especially in liberal feminism concept.
F. Research Methodology.
This Research Methodology includes some aspects of research such as
method of research, data analysis, technique of analysis, and instrument of
1. Method of the Research
The writer tries to get an answer of the question that depicts in the
research question. The writer conducts the research by using the descriptive
qualitative methods to analyze data, and the data is taken from the scene of film
and note in the dialogue.
2. Technique of Analysis
Based on technique of data analysis from theory of liberal feminism,
literary criticism of study, the research uses qualitative method. In this film, the
writer tries to capture the frame and notes the script. The collected data analyzed
by comparing the data with the relevant theory.
3. Instrument of Research
The instrument of research is the writer herself by watching the film,
capturing the frame, as the evidence analysis, and all information related to the
research problems, like marking the scene and the dialogue of the film.
4. Unit Analysis
The unit analysis of the research is Miss. Austen Regrets film, directed
G. Time and Place Research
The writer conducted the research in year 2009 and took place in English
Letters Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University
Jakarta started from August until finish.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
1.
Feminism
As the writer explained before, the woman character as the main
character in “Miss Austen Regrets” film using feminism theory. In this chapter,
the writer discusses that feminism tells about women idea toward her rights,
equality, position and status between men and women in many life aspects, like
social area, politics, education, and economics. Feminism theory studies about
oppression aspects of women to the men itself. Feminism word was introduces in
the year 1890. Feminism term often presented prejudice, stigma, and stereotype
because of lack of understanding in the real meaning of feminism. The ability of
women to establish their career potency and intellectual between men and women
are equivalent.
The word ‘feminism’ itself either originated from the French word
feminisme in the nineteenth century, as a medical term to describe the
feminization of a male body or described women with masculine traits.6 Based on theory of feminism from movement liberation of women that the research can
focus at position and role of women character literature. A woman to left behind
6
Jane Pilcher and Imelda Whelehan. Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies. 2004 (London: SAGE Publications Ltd. 2004). P.48
all life aspect was including social activity and education. To pay attention the
factor of reader literature, mostly tells about the reader comments toward women
emancipation’s in literature. That feminism movement begins from an idea, which
among form of disclosure toward oppression ideology in the name of gender, the
search about the women oppression grew and it was meant to tell about the
creation of liberation was true. There was matter which researcher takes away
from feminism theory that was liberal feminism.
Feminism is the idea that women should have political, social, sexual,
intellectual and economic rights equal to those of men. It involves various
movements, theories, and philosophies, all concerned with issues of gender
difference, that advocate equality for women and the campaign for women's rights
and interests. The history of feminism can be divided into three waves. The first
wave was in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The second was in the
1960s and 1970s, and the third extends from the 1990s to the present. Feminist
theory emerged from these feminist movements. It is manifest in a variety of
disciplines such as feminist geography, feminist history and feminist literary
criticism.
The writer researches feminism, which is in the first wave feminism
refers to a period of feminist activity during the nineteenth century and early
rights for women and the opposition to chattel marriage and ownership of married
women by their husbands. However, by the end of the nineteenth century,
activism focused primarily on gaining political power, particularly the right of
women's suffrage.7 Several of women have opportunities to live free from fear and enjoy feeling any types of love, especially when they were married without
choice in childhood and have not recourse from bad marriage8.
Feminism tells about a main problem of feminism and its relevance
explained feminism was an unconsciousness of women oppression and
exploitation in the society whether in public sphere (work) or private sphere
(family) and a conscious conduct by women or men to change it.
2.
Liberal Feminism
Liberal feminism was born amid ferment in Europe over individual right
in a limited state with lines clearly between private lives and public actions,
including market activity. Public-private line drawn differently throughout the
world and in various world religions, spread with the extension of the modern
state during the colonial era. Liberal feminism, male and female alike, sought
legal change to educated women, to enfranchise them with political rights and to
7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism#History retrieved 21 july 2009.
8
create equal entitlement and playing field on which to compete for opportunities
and resources. 9
Liberal feminism describes the difference of liberal thought dominant in
western society, since the enlightenment and affirms that existing political
processes under democracy can address women’s subordinate social position10. For liberals the key of fight is access to education; following Mary
Wollstonecraft. It is argued that if men and women are educated equally in the
society. It follows that they will get equal access to society.
The liberal feminism views women owning place of freedom and
individually. The current information was explained that similarity and freedom
take root at dissociation and rationalities between private and public world11. A woman has to prepare herself, so that they can compete in the world in framework
“free computation" and have the same position with a man. This theory can
support in freedom and equivalence of rationalities. Women are rational creatures
who have ability to be equal with men, so that they have right to give it back to
men.
9
Kathleen Staudt. Policy Politics and Gender, (women gaining ground 1998), p.22
10
Jane Pilcher and Imelda Whelehan, Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies. Sage Publications London. Thousand Oaks. New Delhi 2004. p. 48
11
Based on the theoretical of liberal feminism about women equality with
men and these will be rationalities12. The right to move forward that is equal opportunity just given for men, in consequence, they claim that the equal right of
principle is immediate executed. Therefore, the opinion of liberal feminism that
patriarchal system has to be broken with the attitude. that is changed to reach
individual, especially a women attitude in her relation with men, and to make
upright that the women must be enough in various role, social, economics, and
politics, so that they will become same position with men in any aspects of life.
Liberal feminism is character, which is formed by an individualistic
pressure on right equality.13 Although liberal feminism said, that to push all equal between women and men in the society. In some cases especially related to
reproduction function, this current is still considered necessary in the existence of
difference. Therefore, liberal feminism opinions do not change structurally or
totally but it is enough by involving women in various roles, like social role,
economics, and politics.
This liberal position is broadly held to be the dominant, ‘common sense’
stance on feminism, applicable to the majority of women who identify as
‘feminist’ in some way, but it does not want to overturn the social status quo in
order to achieve better social conditions for women. In addition, liberal feminist
12
Euis Amalia, Pengantar Kajian Gender. Pusat Studi Wanita. Jakarta 2003. p. 93
13
would be more likely to accept limitation of terms that women and men might
well be suited to the separate spheres of home, the workplace and simply lobby
for greater recognition of housework and caring (the wages for housework debate
in the 1970s emerged largely from this position).14
Liberal feminism is the personal interactions of men and women as the
starting ground from which to transform society into a more gender-equitable
place liberal feminism and tends to have a neutral vision towards different gender;
it requires women to mold themselves for fit citizenship that it perceived to have
already been constructing in the welfare of men. Liberal feminism was rooted
thinking to the classic liberal that is individuals should be free to develop their
own ability in persuading the interest.
3.
Character
When the writer tells about character in terms of literary analysis, the
writer is concerned essentially with three separate but closely connected activities.
The writer is concerned, the first with being able to establish the nature,
personalities of the character themselves with our ability to understand the major
identifying intellectual, emotional, and moral qualities. Second, the writer is
concerned with the methods, techniques an author uses to create, develop, and
14
present characters to the reader. Third, the writer is concerned with whether the
characters presented are credible and convincing.
The character then is presumably an imagined person who inhabits a
story.15 The character is a role presented in the story, which has some sort of identity. Term of character itself rather understands, where the different as story
figures is presented through attitude, interest, desire, emotion and moral principle
owned the figure.
a.
Major and Minor Character
Major character or main character is a character, which is concerned with
threw hole of a story. Because major character or main character has most part
acting in a story and it is always relates to other characters and so very definitive
on the whole of plot development. It always presents as character, or relates to
incident and conflict, influence to important of plot development. In other side,
minor characters appearance is more or less in a whole story, unimportant, and
only presence if there is interrelatedness to main character or major character, in a
direct or indirect way.
15
b.
Protagonist and Antagonist Character
Protagonist character is the central character in the story, one who is face
with conflict.16 Watching a movie was watch for identify with character. It was given sympathy and emphatic involve in an emotional toward characters. The
terms protagonist, main character, a hero are variously defined and depended on
the source that may denote different concepts. In fiction, the story of the
protagonist may tell from the perspective of a different character. The principal
opponent of the protagonist is a character known as the antagonist, who represents
or creates obstacles that the protagonist must overcome. As protagonists, there
may be more than one antagonist in a story.
In other words, a person or groups of people who have opportunity
become the main characters. In the classic style of story where the action consists
of a hero, fights a villain can regards as protagonist and antagonist, respectively.
Antagonist character is any character or force in the story that presents or causes
conflict for the protagonist. Contrary with the popular belief, the antagonist is not
always the villain, but simply those who oppose the main character. In some
cases, the antagonist may be the main character. Such antagonists are usually
police officers or other law enforcement officials. Sometimes, antagonists and
16
protagonists may overlap; depending on what their ultimate objectives are being
considered.
c.
Flat and Round Character
A flat character is distinguished by lack of a realistic personality.
However, the description of a flat character may be details and riches in defining
characteristics. It falls short of the complexity associated with a round character.
Supporting characters are generally flat, as most minor roles do not require a great
deal of complexity. Character and actions are a flat character of flat characteristic,
monotonous, only one reflects certain characters.17 These characters are often the basis of flat characters, though elements of stock characters can be found in round
characters as well.
Round character is characters that are complex and realistic; they
represent a depth personality, which is imitative of life. They frequently possess
both good and bad traits, and they are may react unexpectedly or become
entangled in their own interior conflict. These characters have fully developed by
an author, physically, mentally, emotionally, and detailed enough to seem real. A
round character is usually a main character and develop over the course of the
story. Round character are actions often unexpected and given surprise effect at
watch.
17
4.
Characterization
A characterization is the creation of fictitious character it means, the
writer brings a character to life. A characterization in a literature is presentation of
the attitudes and behavior of imaginary persons in order to make them credible to
the author’s audience. A good idea of characterization, the art, craft, and method
of presentation or creation of fictional personages involves similar process.
In presenting and establishing character, characterization has two a basic
method or techniques at its disposal. One method is telling, the reliability of
exposition and direct commentary. The other method is the indirect, which
involves the writer’s stepping aside to allow the characters to reveal themselves
directly through their dialogue and use of name. In showing many burden of
character, analysis that is changed to the reader and need to infer character based
on the evidence provided in the narrative.
Characterization can be depicted usingname. Names are often providing essential clues that aid in characterization. Names can also contain literary
historical allusions that aid in characterization by means of association.18 Some characters are given names that suggest their dominant or controlling traits.
18
Characterization can be depicted trough the dialogue. Dialogue can
reveal the moods and personalities of the characters. The task of establishing
character trough dialogue is not a simple one, some characters are careful and
guarded in what they say, they speak only by indirection, and it must be inferred
from their words what they actually mean19.
In other choice that the writer of fiction called to make is the choice of a
method of characterization depends on a number of different circumstances.
Including the author’s temperament in the particular literary conventions of the
period in which he or she is writing, the size and scope of work, and the degree of
distance and objectivity. All these factors heavily influence the technique of
characterization.20 Characterization is the use of literary techniques to reveal the nature of a character. Characterization broadly refers to the description and
development of character.
19
Ibid. p. 28
20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. The characteristic of Jane Austen as the main Character in Miss Austen Regret’s film.
As the writer explained before, in the theoretical framework, analyzed
theory of feminism is liberal feminism related with a women character as the
main character. In this chapter, the writer discussed the character of Jane Austen
as the main character in Miss Austen Regrets film viewed from liberal feminism
theory.
Jane Austen came from a small family and lived in outskirts of city in
noble area. She got education from her father and brother, besides reading books.
Her family helped her and supported her to be a professional writer. She achieved
success as the writer, but not in love. However, as any proper female of the time,
she knew to hide her writing under blotting paper, as it was considered indecent to
be a female novelist.
Jane Austen was a novelist; brilliant witty, elegant, structured satirical
fiction marks the transition. She began writing novels partially earn her way. She
has received both praise and censure for her works from other writers. Her studies
were precise and witty. One could still find the representation of such characters
in an ordinary modern life.
In the film, Jane Austen was the main character and she told about her
life. Moreover, she was a single woman until someone proposes her becomes a
writer. Her character is categorized as round character because it was found a
change in her life. At the beginning of this film, she was happy as proposed by
Mr. Harris Bigg. However, her sister influenced her to change her mind to marry
him; therefore, she decided to be a writer. There are same dialogues, which
support about the condition of Miss Austen as the discrimination condition.
Jane : I was invited to stay here, at Fanny’s request, to help her make a decision about her Mr. Plumptre.
Mr. Bridges : I didn’t know he’d made her an offer.
Jane : How does a gentlemen’s failure to make an offer interfere with a lady’s ability to decide whether she likes him or not?
Mr. Bridges : and what lady flirts shamelessly all night, then lurks outside in the dark gawping and gossiping?
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 00:27:24)
From the dialogue above, we can see that Miss Austen’s discrimination
condition that she gets an allusion from Mr. Bridges about a woman in the
shrubbery. She got two women lurks in the dark gawping and gossiping. Initially
she had been invited by her niece to help her, and to make a decision about her
fiancé to Mr. Plumptre. Mr. Bridges was unrespectable to Miss Austen opinion
Miss Austen thought about the marriage made her could not support her
carrier. If she married, it will make her to be an unorthodox, subversive, and
liberal woman as her perspective of her life this was only a standard of the time.
Mr. Bridges thought that Miss Austen bought a negative thinking for her niece
such as hiding under brush and talking about someone.
Fanny : Just because you wrote that as a joke, it doesn’t stop it being true. He thinks we both laugh at him. He’ll never pluck up the courage to ask again. I’ve missed my only chance.
Jane : You could have my widower. All six children.
Fanny : Why do you always turn everything into a joke? This is real! It’s me, and all I want to be is a girl and be pretty and be beloved by John Plumptre and marry him like Anna married Ben. You haven’t got the first idea what it’s like.
Jane : Ben had a cousin who came to visit Hampshire one summer when I was 20, your age exactly. Tom Lefroy was going to be a lawyer, just like Mr. Plumptre. Shocking amounts of dancing went on, I remember. Shameless bouts of sitting together and gazing at each other. I was a horrible flirt. Does this ring any bells?
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 00:34:12)
From the dialogue above, Miss Austen could see from her niece’s face,
looked angry to her because according to her niece, she mocked at her niece
fiancé, Mr. Plumptre. She explained to her, and told about a widow and all her six
children, so that her niece was not angry to her. However, her niece was angry
with her. She tells to her that she explained about this was not a real joke. Her
niece wanted to be a pretty girl and beloved by Mr. Plumptre. She gave the
became a lawyer as Mr. Plumptre. She considers her niece who had same
experience with her.
The situation above Miss Austen tries to be wise at her niece, Fanny, to
believe her. She tells about Anna and Ben’s marriage, her cousin who had came
for visit to Hampshire at summer when her 20 year, exactly as her niece ages.
However, her niece had opposed for Miss Austen does not have the first idea.
Dr. Hadden : She marries the one she was destined for all along. (Hadden chuckling) Now, do you believe that, Miss. Austen? That destiny always provides us with a perfect mate?
Jane : I do. When I’m writing a novel. Fanny : So unromantic!
Dr. Hadden : Ah, but your Aunt’s heroines always get it right. Each one marries a wealthy man; each one marries him for love.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 00:55:04)
From the dialogue above, Miss Austen was in discrimination condition.
She got an allusion from Dr. Hadden about marriage. He assumed about her
perfect mate as her destiny. Moreover, she preferred to choose writing a novel
than married without she loved. Therefore, in this situation Miss Austen felt
bored to them because she did not like to see her niece closed to him. However,
Dr. Hadden said that even though she became a hero for it, he suggested
marrying with a rich man.
Jane : Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance.
Madam : But the fuss we make about who to choose… And love still dies and money still vanishes. And every women, spinster, wife, every women has regrets, so we read about your heroines and feel young again and in love and full of hope as if we can make that choice again.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 00:59:20)
Therefore, according to Miss Austen that the marriage could not give
opportunity as a writer and she would not be free. However, Miss Austen would
be liberal feminism, especially in her love and life. Here is Madam Bigeon
explained about what she said to Miss Austen that every women, spinster, wife
would be regret. Her novel is full of joy, young, and fresh. It has manipulated
them because it is different in reality.
Jane: Well, Fanny, now you’re become almost an aunt, you are a person of some consequence. You must excite great interest whatever you do. My dear, what it is?
Fanny: Mr. Plumptre’s got engaged to somebody else. You could at least try to be upset for me.
Jane: My dear, sweet, perverse Fanny. You did not choose to have him for yourself. Why not allow him to take comfort where he can?
Fanny: I would have chosen him, but too ruined it.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:03:32)
In the situation above, Miss Austen gave congratulation for her niece
who will become an aunt. Miss Austen said to Fanny that she is excited greeting
interest whatever she does. However, unexpectedly, Miss Austen was surprised
by disappointment face of her niece and she did not know who has done to her.
niece was disappointed. At least, Miss Austen did not try to upset for her niece
and she did not know if Mr. Plumptre is easily offended. However, her niece
cannot accept him because Miss Austen has ruined it.
Jane: I did not.
Fanny: You laughed at him. And every time I looked at him, I saw him through you eyes.
Jane: You frighten me out of my wits. You cannot let anything depend on the opinion of your maiden Aunt.
Fanny: Oh, don’t worry, I know that now. And at your time of life, making a spectacle out of yourself for that silly butterfly of a doctor…
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:04:07)
From the first Miss Austen said to her niece had to be careful because
she thought if her niece angry with her and made Miss Austen afraid of her wits.
Miss Austen’s suggestion did not let anything depend all of her opinion from her.
However, according to her niece, Miss Austen laughed at Mr. Plumptre and
thought about Miss Austen’s bad attitude because she feels disappointed to her.
However, this condition could not avoids by Miss Austen accepted the
discrimination from her family. This situation made Miss Austen felt insecure but
she tried to be strong for this problem. Whereas she hidden her problem because
she did not see by other person.
Fanny: … In front of everyone.
Fanny: How could I ever have thought you knew the first thing about real love?
In the dialogue above, her niece gave a bad judgment for Miss Austen.
she knew her fiancée who had canceled their engagement. She never thought if
her aunt knew the first thing about love fair.
Mrs. Austen: Reading? You won’t have time for that sort of childishness now, Anna. Take her from me a moment will you, Jane? There. Oh… Oh, not like that. She’s not a sack of potatoes. Look at the dear girl. Clever as the day is long, but give her a baby and she has no idea which end is up. Hardly like a woman at all.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:05:01)
In the dialogue above, her mother said to Miss Austen that reading a
novel was childish things but she could not carry a baby. Moreover, Miss
Austen feels unusual thing, So that her mother was angry with Miss Austen.
Therefore, a baby was not a sack of potatoes. Her mother felt dejection because
of her; she did not have idea for carrying a baby. According to her mother,
although a woman was clever, but she had to be clever arranged the household
too.
Mrs. Austen: My sons have always done their best for this family. But she is a selfish, selfish girl. I saw you with Mr. Bridges. Flirting like a silly girl. He’s a married man! If you wanted to be Mrs. Bridges, the vicar’s wife, you should’ve said yes when he asked you. Jane: That’s easy, I didn’t want to.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:13:59)
In this situation, her mother was very angry about Miss Austen cause of
her egoist, selfish and she had made a broken family. However, her sons always
done best for this family, but she blamed Miss Austen at all. Her mother ever
proposed Mr. Bridges to Miss Austen, but it was not easy to do it. Cause if she
married, of cause she would make the discrimination family. Her mother hoped
Miss Austen get married soon, with a rich man who has a big house for her
family.
According to her mother, Miss Austen threw her life away, her mother’s
life and all her sisters by her novel writing. Her mother’s argument about novel
writing was only a fancy idea and she said Mr. Harris Bigg was more than worth
with his stately home and his thousand acres. However, her sister defends on Miss
Austen and pitied of her because her sister very loved her.
Mrs. Austen: Yeah, 15 years. It’s engraved on my heart. Fifteen years since the night you let her run away like a spoilt child from marriage and security.
Jane: I couldn’t marry a man I didn’t love!
Mrs. Austen: Then why did you say yes to him? “Yes, Harris, I will be Mrs. Bigg.”
Jane: I made a mistake.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:14:42)
Her mother would be resentful and still save it. As long as 15 years, she
Austen but felt disappointed if remember her runaway from marriage and safe
from her problems. However, Miss Austen was trying for calm down her problem
and she would not marry one of men if she did not love. Her mother said if Miss
Austen could not marry with Mr. Harris Bigg. She should not say anything to her,
because she made a mistake and disappointed them.
Mrs. Austen: Your mistake was to get up the next morning and take your promise back.
Jane: What did you want me to do? Sell myself for money?
Mrs. Austen: We would’ve been rich. Yes. And what does that mean? Rich is just another word for safe.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:15:01)
In the dialogue above, her mother said that Miss Austen has done the
mistake in the next morning and took back her promise that she must improve her
promise for past away. Miss Austen did not want to promise back cause of seeing
her self for money, but her mother want to do it. Her mother has meant with these
riches just another word for safely that if they would be rich, they had safe from a
problem in their life.
Mrs. Austen: Don’t you protect her, you’ve done enough of that! You sacrificed all our security on a principle, Jane. And has it made you happy? Has it? Look at you. You’re ill. Nobody tells me anything, but I have eyes in my head. Oh, my poor lonely girl.
Her mother’s opinion for her sister does not help and protect Miss
Austen for this problem because she has done enough for it. Miss Austen has
sacrificed all her family because her principle, her search of safety from her
family. Her mother said, she was happy seeing her family suffered cause of her.
Her mother said about her look at herself. Miss Austen looks of sick and hopes
her mother becomes the best person outside. However, nobodies give her any
information about it but her mother keeps her eyes to watching her so that she
cannot move easily. Her mother thought that Miss Austen looked like a poor
lonely girl, who keeps her principles by writing her novel while it is all only an
imagination.
Fanny: Aunt Jane. Jane : Not now, Fanny.
Fanny: You said yes because he was rich and no because you didn’t love him. That’s so romantic.
Jane : Would you choose my life? You can be angry with me, Fanny, but don’t you dare feel sorry for me.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:16:05)
In this situation above, Miss Austen felt to be discriminated by her
mother cause of her life and principle. Her niece wanted to say anything to her but
she did not know what would to say. Fanny’s opinion about her aunt Jane, that the
story of her aunt was romantic, because rich man loves her aunt and she did not
love him. And Miss Austen said to her niece, if she chooses her life, she could be
Actually, Miss Austen angry to her life because her regrets on the answer
for Mr. Harris Bigg, but what would her niece wants to choose her life. What
would her niece do anything for this, but she did not feel sorry for her and she
could be angry with Miss Austen because her opinion. Here is Miss Austen
always in the discrimination with her family members about her principle. How
Miss Austen fight for the discrimination from her family to get the best position
in her heart’s family. Therefore, Miss Austen tries to fight from the discrimination
and she would do anything the best for her family.
B. Jane Austen fights toward the discrimination.
We can see that Miss Austen tries to fight from the discrimination by the
big her family. Therefore, Miss Austen fights what Mr. Bridges, her niece and her
mother say for her. Here is fighting for the discrimination from Mr. Bridges
because she offered moral guidance to her niece in the shrubbery is shamelessly.
Mr. Bridges: And what lady flirts shamelessly all night, then lurks outside in the dark gawping and gossiping?
Jane : Thank you for so freely sharing your poor opinion of my conduct and character. Good night, Mr. Bridges.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 00:27:37)
In the dialogue above that, Mr. Bridges has judged her for a woman who
was in the dark gawping and gossiping at night. His opinion is disgraceful
principle, hard character and blamed her. Finally, Miss Austen was angry to him
and said that his opinion was poor and bad. Therefore, she passed for sleeping in
bed.
Mr. Bridges: You can hide behind your clever words as much as you like. Jane : Good, because my clever words will soon be the only thing.
Putting a roof over my head. Or over my mother’s or my sister’s. I’m to be my own husband it seems. And their.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 00:33:23)
From the conversation above, we know that Miss Austen opposed Mr.
Bridges by saying to put a roof over her head, mother and sister. She would be her
own husband and the clever word would soon be the only thing. Moreover, Mr.
Bridges said that Miss Austen only could hide her self behind her clever words.
Fanny: You laughed at him. And every time I looked at him, I saw him through you eyes.
Jane: You frighten me out of my wits. You cannot let anything depend on the opinion of your maiden Aunt.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:04:07)
In the dialogue, Fanny was angry to Miss Austen because she laughed to
Mr. Plumptre. But Miss Austen tried to explain, Fanny believed to her about she
did not do anything by saying. But Fanny frightens her because she could let
anything depend on her opinion of her maiden aunt.
lose the house and everything we have. I want to shake off this awful tiredness and I can’t.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:08:16)
In the dialogue above, Miss Austen does not want anything but she
produced more money for her mother and her sister. However, she wants her
sister and mother safely. She would not be afraid if our brothers are going to lose
the house and everything but she will let go this awful tiredness. Actually, she
will make her mother and her sister happy with her intellectual, which she has.
Jane: Why should I be angry with you? I’m angry with myself. I can’t be ill. I have a book finish. There are so many characters in my head, so many stories, so little time.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:09:13)
In this situation above, Miss Austen was never angry with her sister and
family but she was angry with herself and Miss Austen has not get finished the
book, she could be ill or sick. Therefore, she had many stories; she felt that she
had so little time if she did something for writing.
Mrs. Austen: Yeah, 15 years. It’s engraved on my heart. Fifteen years since the night you let her run away like a spoilt child from marriage and security.
Jane : I couldn’t marry a man I didn’t love!
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:14:41)
In this situation above, Miss Austen disappointed her mother because she
always remember in the night about spoilt child’s Miss Austen but felt disappoint
if remember her runaway from marriage and safe from her problems. However,
Miss Austen could not marry with a man without love her.
Mrs. Austen: Your mistake was to get up the next morning and take your promise back.
Jane : What did you want me to do? Sell myself for money?
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:15:01)
Therefore, her mother only reminds her for taking back her promise and
her mistake that she had say yes to Mrs. Harris Bigg. In this situation, Miss
Austen tries to fight hardly explaining her mother how to do the best again, which
her mother wants. What Miss Austen do that was anything would like to do for
her mother but according to Miss Austen, the rich would not become them safely.
Cassandra : Because of me, you chose loneliness and poverty. Jane : Because of you, I chose freedom.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:18:32)
In the dialogue above, Cassandra feels guilty cause of Miss Austen
decision that loneliness and suffered. However, Miss Austen said yes for all of
this because of Cassandra was her sister and she chose freedom for it.
(Miss Austen Regret’s movie, 01:11:20)
In this situation above, Miss Austen never regrets because she not marry
with one who has proposed her like Mr. Harris Bigg and one of all those men
might have makes her happier than before doing it. She was enough happy and
did not end write a novel from writing her story, she was enough poor and the
time for her write a novel became limiting. Where she will be forever because her
ill that she feels. Moreover, she was going to leave her sister and her mother
without given them anything. However, Miss Austen very loves of her family,
especially for her mother and her sister.
Miss Austen fights the discrimination for her safety from around people
in her family. In addition, one of her regrets was not marry with Mr. Harris Bigg.
Therefore, this film was related by using liberal feminism theory. Moreover, there
are many correlations with Miss Austen as the main character of this film.
The views liberal feminism was placing that a woman owning freedom
fully and individually. Liberal feminism was rooted thinking to the classic liberal
that is individuals should be free to develop their own ability in pursue of interest.
Therefore, according to liberal feminism opinion, there was not change structural
by totally, but that was enough by involving a woman in various role, like social
role, economics, and politics. In the Miss Austen regrets, film related with liberal
freedom for developing her own abilities. Moreover, there are many dialogues in
relation between Miss Austen regrets film and using liberal feminism theory.
Finally, the discrimination in Miss Austen regrets film was using liberal
feminism, which has explained, and presented Miss Austen’s felt in the
discrimination with the people around, she was carrying strong fight against from
all her family. However, she only regrets for did not marriage with Mr. Harris
Bigg. When she looks out at night, she feels as if there is neither wickedness nor
sorrow in the world. She told that the delight of her life is her niece. Miss Austen
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
As the writer explained before that the discrimination of Miss Austen
regrets film, view from the dialogue using liberal feminism theory in chapter
three. The writer was makes a conclusion, included her characters and fights the
discrimination in her life from regrets. Miss Austen always down in the
discrimination by her family members about her principle and a novel writer.
Miss Austen fights in the discrimination by her family to get a good position in
heart of her family. Therefore, Miss Austen tries to fight from the discrimination
that she can do the best for her family.
In the film Miss Austen Regrets, Jane Austen is the main character, tells
about a woman’s regret of her decision about she never get married in the age of
forty. Miss Austen is a woman who has proposed to be wife by Mr. Harris Bigg.
Therefore, all of her family supports what Miss Austen as the writer. In her
career, Miss Austen keeps her principle that she will develop her talent for
becoming a professional writer, but not all her family fight for survival with her
decision to be a writer. Miss Austen can marry in the top of her career, because of
her sister Cassandra pushes her to focus on writing.
Finally, Miss Austen decides to be free because of her sister, Cassandra.
Her regrets caused by she could not marry with Mr. Harris Bigg, she felt very
painful. However, Miss. Austen feels very happy because her feeling for him
would never end and she keeps on her writing. She decides for becoming a
novelist without someone special in her life until she dies in her regrets.
B. Suggestion
From the conclusion above, the writer tries to show for the reader that
character of Jane Austen viewed from liberal feminism theory of literary criticism
correlating with fight the discrimination in her life from her regret. This research
is just one way of the meaning from a literature. Many ways can use to analyze
theory of liberal feminism and this feminism will study a woman character. The
writer suggests for the students of English Letters Department to continue this
research by exploring in the other kinds of feminism in liberal feminism approach
of the main character in the film: such as her delusion about Mr. Darcy in her
novel who write and sometimes brought to her really life. One of her regrets that
she cannot marry with Mr. Harris Bigg. This one the example of Miss Austen
BIBILIOGHRAPY
Euis Amalia, Pengantar Kajian Gender. Pusat Studi Wanita. Jakarta 2003.
James H. Pickering, Concise Companion to Literature. Macmillan State University Publishing ed., inc Newyork 1981.
Jane Pilcher and Imelda Whelehan, Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies. Sage Publications London. Thousand Oaks. New Delhi 2004.
Jean curthoys, Feminist Amnesia: The Wake of Women’s Liberation (New York, NY 1997)
Kamla Bhasin, Night Said Khan, Persoalan Pokok Mengenai Feminisme dan Relevansinya, Jakarta 1995.
Kathleen Staudt. Policy Politics and Gender, (women gaining ground 1998)
Martha C. Nussbaum, Women and Human Development. Cambridge University Press 2000.
Muhammad Farkhan, Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Cella. Jakarta 2006.
Muhammad Farkhan, Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. Cella. Jakarta 2007.
Prof. Dr. Burhan Nurgiyan, M.pd, Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Gajah Mada University Press 2005
Triton P.B. Kiat Sukses Menjadi Penulis, Yogyakarta, 2008.
Website:
Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_feminism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/feminism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism#History
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/feminisme
http://feminism.suite101.com/article.cfm/types_of_feminism
Http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picture of Jane Austen
1
movement 1. In fiction, several women agree with a woman of characteristic. A woman has discriminated everything in the society for centuries. Here,
Kamla Bhasin’s and Night Said Khan’s opinion is, "the discriminations of
inductivity happened for woman in family and society. It is considered with
women who make the difference in their life"2.
In 20th century, woman writes about her problem to make on improvement in society. The writings explained about point of views of a
woman, which is untouchable in the patriarchy society. In Mary
Wollstonecraft’s book entitled “Vindication of Right of Woman”, Mary
refuses the Rousseau’s idea that the differences between woman and man in
ability, characteristics and biological aspect will determine someone’s
position in the society.
1
Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_feminism retrieved 28 May 2009. 2
2
The idea of feminism does not only come from a woman, but it
comes from men too, as John Stuart Mill in his book "The Subjection of
Woman". Mill criticizes that the treatment in domestic sector as irrational
and emotional activity. Mill’s opinion that a woman emphasizes, eliminates
and all aspect that relates to domestic work can reach.
In this matter, the writer is interested in studying a film, which tells
about a woman’s regrets of her decision and she has not married in the age
of forty. In analyzing Miss. Austen Regrets film, directed by Jeremy
Lovering. Mr. Harris Bigg wants to propose Miss Austen to be his wife.
Miss Austen would accept it but her sister, Cassandra, makes her doubt in
her decision. Her sister has influenced to refuse Mr. Harris Bigg proposal.
Moreover, she chooses to be the professional writers to present her stories in
the novel.
Finally, Miss Austen decides to be alone because her sister,
Cassandra. Her regrets not marry with Mr. Harris Bigg. However, Miss.
Austen is very happy because her feeling for him does not change until the
end. Finally, Miss Austen becomes the famous writer and unmarried
woman. Moreover, the last words before she dies, “this is given by God for
me, I feel more happiness than what I have properly gets."
Miss Austen felt happy for her life because her decision becomes a
3
reason, the writer analyzes the discrimination of Jane Austen as the main
character in “Miss. Austen Regrets” film using feminism liberal theory.
B. Research of Methodology.
This Research Methodology includes some aspects of research such
as method of research, data analysis, technique data, and instruments of
research and analysis unit.
The writer conducts the researches by using the descriptive
qualitative methods to analyze data and the data is taken from scene of film
and note the dialogue. Based on technique of data analysis from theory of
liberal feminism, literary criticism of study, the research uses qualitative
method. The collected data are analyzed by comparing the data with the
relevant theory.
The instrument of research is the writer herself by watching the film,
capturing the frame, as the evidence analysis, and all information related to the
research problems like marking the scene and the dialogue of the film. The
unit analysis of the research is Miss. Austen Regrets film, directed by Jeremy
4
nineteenth century, as a medical term to describe the feminization of a male
body or described women with masculine traits.3
Feminism is the idea that women should have political, social,
sexual, intellectual and economic rights equal to those of men. It involves
various movements, theories, and philosophies, all concerned with issues of
gender difference, that advocate equality for women and the campaign for
women's rights and interests.
The history of feminism can be divided into three waves. The first
wave was in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the second was in
the 1960s and 1970s, and the third extends from the 1990s to the present.
Feminist theory emerged from these feminist movements.
3
5
2. Liberal Feminism
Liberal feminism was rooted thinking to the classic that individuals
should be free to develop their own ability and in pursuing the interest.
Therefore, liberal feminism opinions do not a change structural or totally but
it is enough by involving women in various role, like social role, economics,
and politics.
3. Character
Character is a role that presented in story, which has some sort of
identity. Term of character itself rather understands, the different as story
figures is presented through attitude, interest, desire, emotion, and moral
principle owned the figure.
a. Major and Minor Character
Major character or main character has most part acting in a story and it
is always relates to other characters and so very definitive on the whole of
plot development. In other side, minor characters appearance more or less in
a whole story, unimportant, and its only presence if there interrelatedness to
6
b. Protagonist and Antagonist Character
Protagonist character is the central character in the story, one who
is face with conflict.4 . Antagonist character is any character or force in the story that presents or causes conflict for the protagonist.
c. Flat and Round Character
A flat character is distinguished by lack of a realistic personality.
Round character is characters that are complex and realistic; they represent a
depth of personality, which is imitative of life.
4. Characterization
A characterization is the creation of fictitious character it means,
the writer brings character to life. A characterization in a literature is
presentation of the attitudes and behavior of imaginary persons in order to
make them credible to the author’s audience. A good idea of
characterization, the art, craft, and method of presentation or creation of
fictional personages involves similar process.
4
7
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Kind of Discrimination Happened to Jane Austen as the Main Character
in Miss Austen Regrets Film
As the writer explained before, in the theoretical framework analyzed
theory of feminism is liberal feminism related with a women character as the
main character. In this chapter, the writer discusses the character of Jane
Austen as the main character in Miss Austen Regrets film viewed from liberal
feminism theory.
In the film, Jane Austen was the main character and she told about her
life. Moreover, she was a single woman until someone proposes her becomes
a writer. Her character is categorized as round character because it was found
a change in her life. At the beginning of this film, she was happy as proposed
by Mr. Harris Bigg. However, her sister influenced her to change her mind to
marry him; therefore, she decided to be a writer.
The views liberal feminism was placing that a woman owning
freedom fully and individually. Liberal feminism was rooted thinking to the
classic liberal that is individuals should be free to develop their own ability in
pursue of interest. Therefore, according to liberal feminism opinion, there was
not change structural by totally, but that was enough by involving a woman in
8
In the Miss Austen regrets, film related with liberal feminism theory,
Miss Austen is a woman in various roles who wants to be freedom for
developing her own abilities. Moreover, there are many dialogues in relation
between Miss Austen regrets film and using liberal feminism theory.
In the beginning of this film, Miss Austen happily proposed by Mr.
Harris Bigg. However, her sister influenced her to change her mind to marry
him. Therefore, she decided to be a writer.
Firstly, Miss Austen is in the discrimination condition when she gets
an allusion from Mr. Bridges about a woman in the shrubbery and he gets two
women lurks in the dark gawping and gossiping. The point is she invited by
her niece to help her making a decision about her engage. However, Mr.
Bridges disrespectful treat from his poor opinion for Miss Austen but
disregard to him.
Secondly, Miss Austen is in the discrimination condition from her
niece that her niece is disappointed to her about her fiancée was engaged with
the other girl because of Miss Austen. According to her niece is Miss Austen
laughed at her fiancée. Therefore, her fiancée decided to cancel his
engagement with Fanny.
Thirdly, Miss Austen is in the discrimination condition when her
mother very angry with Miss Austen because according to her, Miss Austen is
