rd
THE 3 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION
AISTEEL
AND
EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Supported and Coordinated by:
Postgraduate School
State University of Medan
North Sumatera, Indonesia
Organized by:
Indexing By :
PROCEEDINGS
Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan - Indonesia
03-04 October 2018
Vol. 3, December 2018
Vol. 3, December 2018
2018
i
Proceedings of The 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on
Transformative
Education
and
Educational
Leadership
(AISTEEL 2018)
“
Education, Learning, and Leadership Innovation
”
Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia
October 3-4, 2018
Editorial Board
Editorial-in-Chief
Dr. Juniastel Rajagukguk, M.Si (State University of Medan, Unimed)
Deputy Editor
Dr. Saronom Silaban, M.Pd (State University of Medan, Unimed)
International Advisory Board / Scientific Committee
Prof. Dr. Kala Saravanamuthu (University of Newcastle, Australia)
Prof. Arjen EJ Wals (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)
Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd (Unimed, Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Aytekin Isman (Sakarya University, Turkey)
Prof. Peter Charles Taylor, Ph.D., Med., B.Sc., Dip.Ed (Murdoch University, Australia)
Prof. Dr. Mukhlas Samani, Ph.D (Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Jailani bin Md. Yunos (University Tun Hussein on Malaysia)
Prof. Dr. Nurahimah Mohd. Yusuf (UTM, Malaysia)
Assoc. Prof. Dr Pedro Isaias (University of Queensland, Australia)
Assoc. Prof. Elisabeth Taylor, Ph.D (Murdoch University, Australia)
Dr. Bambang Sumintono, M.Ed (Universiti Malaya, Malaysia)
Dr. Isma Widyaty, M.Pd (UPI, Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Syahrul R, M.Pd (UNP, Indonesia)
Prof. Amrin Saragih, MA., Ph.D (Unimed, Indonesia)
Assoc. Prof. Ade Gafar Abdullah, M.Si (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Eng. Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd (Universitas Negeri Semarang)
ii
Proceedings of the 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on Transformative Education
and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018)
Preface
The 3
rdAnnual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership
(AISTEEL 2018) was held in Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City-Indonesia on 3-4 October 2018.
This seminar is organized by Postgraduate School, Univesitas Negeri Medan and become a routine
agenda at Postgraduate program of Unimed now.
The AISTEEL is realized this year with various presenters, lecturers, researchers and students from
universities both in and out of Indonesia participating in, the seminar with
theme “Education,
Learning and Leadership Innovation.”
The plenary speakers coming from various provinces in Indonesia have been present topics covering
multi disciplines. They have contributed many inspiring inputs on current trending educational
research topics all over the world. The expectation is that all potential lecturers and students have
shared their research findings for improving their teaching process and quality, and leadership.
The third AISTEEL presents a keynote speaker and 4 distinguised invited speakers from Australia,
Singapore, Taiwan, and Malaysia. In addition, presenters come from various Government and Private
Universities, Institutions, Academy, and Schools. Some of them are those who have sat and will sit in
the oral defence examination.
There are 326 articles submitted to committee, some of which are presented orally in parallel sessions,
and others are presented through posters. The articles have been reviewed by double blind reviewer
and 198 of them were accepted for published by Atlantis Press indexed by International Indexation.
Meanwhile 83 papers were published in online International Proceedings indexed by Google Scholar.
The Committees of AISTEEL invest great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the
conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.
Grateful thanks to all of members of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative
Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018) for their outstanding contributions. Thanks
also given to Universitas Negeri Medan for published this volume.
The Editors
iii
Table of Contents
Titles and Authors
page
Design of Physical Practicum Tools on Rotational Dynamics Matter with
Scientific Concept
1
Fretty Doharni Ritonga; Nurdin Bukit; Betty M.Turnip...
Analysis of the Leading Sector and Its Effect on the Economy in Pakpak Bharat
Regency
6
Dinar Melani Hutajulu; M. Nasir; Arwansyah
...Analyze the Characteristic and Factors Cause of Bullying Behaviours in Early
Childhood
12
Fadhilah Syam Nasution; Anita Yus; Aman Simaremare...
Play Finger Painting in Creative Art Model to Help Smooth Motoric
Development and Creativity of Group a in Kindergarten at Aek Loba Pekan
Village
18
Lola Wita Harahap; Sri Milfayetty; Rosmala Dewi...
Maintenance of Gayonese Kinship Terms by Gayonese Minority Migrants in
Jabodetabek
22
Desi Purnama Sari; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Berlin Sibarani...
Effect of Functional Training and TRX Suspension Training on Body
Composition member Golden Fitness and Spa
26
Rafliansyah; Nurhayati Simatupang; Albadi Sinulingga...
Interpersonal Metaphor Used in the Boss Baby Movie
29
Khairuni Syafitri; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Anni Holila Pulungan...
Speech Act in Indonesia Lawyers Club: KPK vs Novanto
32
Theresia Fransiska Sidabutar; Zainuddin; Busmin Gurning...
The Effect of Instructional Strategy and Style Ofthinking Secuential on Students
Outcome MAN Medan
36
Siti Aisyah Hanim; Tiur asih siburian; Darwin...
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Models and Self Efficacy on Student
Mathematics Learning Outcomes
39
Sabdo Puji Rahayu; Mukhtar; Keysar Panjaitan...
Ideational Grammatical Metahpor in Reading Texts for Senior High School
English Textbooks
43
Diemam Ferzhawana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Zainuddin...
Effect of Soft Modification on Student Learning Results PAB 13 Kwala Begumit
Private Vocational School
47
Iskandar Fahmi...
Differences in Metacognitive Ability of Students Through Learning Realistic
Mathematics Education and Problem Based Learning in Pangkalan Susu Senior
High School
51
Chairi Mutia Lubis; Waminton Rajagukguk; Kms.M.Amin Fauzi...
Development of Interactive Learning Media Projection of Working Drawing on
Students of Class X TKR in SMK Markus 2 Medan
56
Irwan Panggabean; R. Mursid; Samsidar Tanjung...
Metaphor of Modality in Donald Trump’s Speech in
United Nation General Assembly 2017
60
Nursyah Handaya; Siti Aisyah Ginting...
Traditional Sport Of Silek Tuo In Minangkabau Community (a study of Silek tuo
iv
Prima Nanda; Sabaruddin Yunis; Agung Sunarn...
Improved Student’s Generic Science Skills With The Application of Cooperative
Learning Models Based on Batak Culture
66
Rika Sari Indah Harahap; Derlina; Rahmatsyah; Sahyar; Bornok...
Management Development Athletes of Shorinji Kempo North Sumatra Region
71
Arti Kurniaty Bangun...
Efforts to Improve Learning Results Free Basketball Shot (Free Throw) Through
The Application of Teaching Style Inclusion
75
Bob Rahmat Manalu... ...
Development of Egosan Engineering Extension Models with Straight Sticking in
Pencak Silat
77
William Filipus; Amir Supriadi; Tarsyad Nugraha...
The Development of Interactive Learning Media of Athletic on Physical
Education in SMP Negeri 15 Medan
81
Akhmad Khaidir; Budi Valianto; Tarsyad Nugraha...
The Effect of Learning Model and Self-Reliance Learning toward Science
Learning Outcomes
84
Rohima; Mukhtar; Samsidar Tanjung...
The Effect of Learning Method and Kinesthetic Perception on The Learning
Outcomes of Lay Up Basketball
88
Saiful Adrian; N
urhayati Simatupang; Suprayitno………....
Analysis Of Physical Education Teacher Management Skills In State Elementary
School Sub-District Medan Tembung
91
Syahrul Effendi Nasution; Amir Supriadi; Albadi Sinulingga...
Innovation Of The Speed Model Using Running With The Ball Techniques In
Football
95
Julio Roberto; Amir Supriadi; Novita... ...
The Development of Penetration Drill Training Technique of Wrestling Sport
99
Ihsan Idris Silalahi; Jan Bobby Nesra Barus...
Speech Function of Anies Baswedan’s
Speech in Approval Ceremony as the
Governor of Jakarta in the Period of 2017-2022
102
Ahmad Rifa’i Ritonga; Sumarsih
... ...
Development of Web-Based Learning Media to Enhance Writing Capability of
Biography Text of Student Class X SMA
105
Rencus B. Sinabariba, Tiur Asi Siburian, Mutsyuhito Solin...
Implementing the Teaching Supervision by Principals in Improving the
Performance of Teachers in Aceh Besar
109
Said Ashlan... ... ...
Female Principal Leadership
115
Hendro Widodo; Hengkang Bara Saputra... ...
The Ways of Rohingya Teenagers in Medan Realized Their Language Attitude
120
I Wayan Dirgayasa; Rahmat Husein; Lonni NurIffah Nasution...
Metaphor in Umpasa of Saurmatua Toba Batak Ceremony
124
Heppy Yersin Digita Purba; Rahmad Husein; Anni Holila Pulungan...
The Influence of Part Method, Whole Method and Determination Exercise
Methods on Improving Exercise in the Sports Branch of Pencak Silat Single Art
Category of College Students SPDKK (Art of Kencana Kwitang Self Defense)
Deli Serdang Year 2018/2019
127
Mawar Sari... ... ...
v
Philosophy
of Rakut Sitelu
Desi Haryati Nianggolan...
Evaluation of Implementation of Sustainable Professional Development (PKB)
for Junior High School Physical Education Teachers to Increase Professionalism
in Tebing Tinggi City
135
Mhd Fazar Afandi...
Development of Innovative PJOK teaching materials on floor gymnastics
materials to improve learning outcomes of Grade Students at Junior Hight School
138
Bangun Saragih...
The Influence of the Discovery Learning Model assisted with Image Media and
Motivation Against Civics Learning Outcomes of Students in Class IV of Public
Elementary Schools 055980 Aman Damai 2017/2018
142
Heryansyah Ginting; Dede Ruslan; Reh Bungana Br.Perangin-angin...
Development of science teaching materials based on Science Technology Society
(STM) and its influence on learning outcomes of fourth grade students of MIN
Medan Tembung
149
Diah Hafizhotul Husna; Nuraini; Ramlan Silaban...
The Improvement of Cooperative Learning Model Application Skill in Numbered
Head Together Through Clinical Supervision of Art Teacher in SDN 060886
Medan Baru
154
Unita Vitta Omas Sianturi; Martua Manullang; Rosmala Dewi...
Gold of North Sumatera Program Coach Performance
159
Suyono; Hariadi; Supryetno...
Transitivity Systems Analysis of Bilingual Civic 3 Education Textbook for Grade
XII
163
Jusup Sitepu; Anni Holila Pulungan; I Wayan Dirgeyasa Tangkas...
The Lecturer Performance Development of the STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena
Banda Aceh
169
Saiful Bahri...
The Interference of Batak Mandailing Language to Indonesian (In The Interaction
At The Seventh
Grade Students Of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Al-Azhar
Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Padang Sidimpuan)
175
Siti Jahria Sitompul; Abdurrahman Adisaputera; Sumarsi...
The Influence of Microbiology Dictionary and Microbiology Textbook
Utilization in the Contextual Learning Framework on Biology Students Higher
Order Thinking Skills
177
Kiki Rizqi Sahara; Hasruddin; Ashar Hasairin...
The Differences of Learning Style and St
udents’ Creativity to Students’
Achievement in Dribbling the Ball in Playing Football of Seventh Grade Students
of SMP Ar
–
Rahman Percut
180
Muammar Afif Marpaung; Imran Akhmad; Rahma Dewi...
Development of Gobag Sodor Game Model to Increase Interest in Elementary
Students
184
Siska Nova Undari...
The Influence of Research-Based Learning with Portfolio Assessment on Science
Process Skills in Microbiology Course for Biology Program Students
187
Saudah Rahmayanti; Hasruddin; Tumiur Gultom...
The Influence of Teaching Style and Confident Against the Results of a Study of
Shooting in the Game of Football (Experiment Studies the Self Check Style and
vi
Tembung Sabilina)
Muhammad Syaiful; Ramadhan Harahap...
Development of Mirror Writing Teaching Materials Based on Class XI Media
Literation of Lolomatua 1 State High School
195
Yanida Bu'ulolo; Biner Ambarita; Marice...
The Development of Teaching Materials for Technology- Assisted Procedure
Text in Vocational High School
197
Nova Andarini; Biner Ambarita; Malan Lubis...
Development of Adobe Flash Based Floor Gymnastics Media Learning on Health
Sport Education Lesson
201
Hardiansyah...
The Effect of Learning Approach and Linguistic Competence Capability Reading
The English Narative Text of Student SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan.
206
Sukriyah Batubara; Keysar Panjaitan...
……….
Analysis Effect of Household Consumption, Investment and Labor to Economy
Growth In Sumatera Utara
209
Richna Handriyani; Arwansyah; Sahyar...
Idioms Translation Strategies in Pasung Jiwa Novel English Version
213
Hariyanto; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih...
Code Mixing in Novel: A Case of Indonesian Literary Work
216
Nurul Hidayanti Hasibuan; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih...
Logico-Semantic Relation in Presidential Debate Between Hillary Clinton and
Donald Trump
221
Annisa Risma Khairani Lubis; Della Fransiska Ginting; Jumino Suhadi...
Semiotic Meanings in Cigarette Advertisement Texts
227
Rodearta Purba; Zainuddin; Amrin Saragih...
Modality as Hedging Device in the US Presidential Election Debate
232
Roobby Hamdanur; Anni Holila Pulungan; Zainuddiin...
The Improving Mathematical Communication Ability Through Realistic
Mathematical Approach Based on Toba Batak Culture
235
Aman Sanusi Siregar...
Speech Functions of Doctors and Patients on Medical Consultation Process
239
Resti Citra Dewi; Anni Holila Pulungan, Sumarsih...
The Development of Venturimeter Instrumentation in Dynamic Fluid
243
Zahrani Dalimunthe; Rahmatsyah; Derlina...
Lexical Metaphors in Onang-onang of Bobby and Kahiyang Tortor Dance
246
Siti Rahma Ritonga; Anni Holila Pulungan; Didik Santoso...
The Discourse Markers in President Joko Widodo’s Speeches in KTT APEC
China in 2015
249
Syahbuddin Nasution1; Busmin Gurning; I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas...
Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for AISTEEL Conference
Proceedings
Translator’s Strategies in Transferring Cultural Values in Ratatouille
Film
254
Femy Septiani; Anni Holila Pulungan...
Lexical Metaphor In Printed Car Advertisements
258
Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih...
Political Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump Political Speech
263
Elisa Silviani Siregar; Prof. Dr.Zainuddin, M.Hum; Prof.Dr. Sri MindaMurni,
MS... ...
vii
Nurliana Harahap; Mahendra Ginting Manik; Indah Listiana...
Appraisal of Healthy Product Advertisement on Television
274
Nurun Nazipah Harahap; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Rahmad Husein Napitupuluh...
Lexical Metaphor in Andrea Hirata’s “The Dreamer” Novel
277
Nurul Sa’adah; I Wy. Dirgeyasa; Siti Aisyah Ginting
...
Impoliteness Strategies Used by Governor Candidates of DKI Jakarta in Governor
Election Debate 2017
281
Sri Minda Murni; Busmin Gurning
……
...
Intertextuality in Travel Umroh Advertisement
287
Afifah Nurul Khoirot Nasution; Anni Holila Pulungan; Eddy Setia...
Intertextuality on Oral Discourse in Sari Matua Batak Toba Ceremony
290
Dyan Yosephin Hutagalung; Anni Holila Pulungan; Rahmad Husein...
The Effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel to Creatine Kinase
Serum in Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Fatigue from Swimming
293
Rika Nailuvar Sinaga; Jumadin IP; Zulaini...
Analysis of Technology Utilization to Measure The Throw Distance of The Ball
on Hammer Throw
296
Riki Prastian; Agung Sunarno; Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun...
The Interactions of Social Stratification and Karonese Register in Giving Pedah
Pedah Perjabun
300
Elkana Putra Tarigan; Amrin Saragih; Siti Aisyah Ginting...
Implementation Management Training Volleyball Club of Pertamina Year 2017
305
Reza Wibowo; Sanusi Hasibuan; Budi Valianto...
Lexical Metaphor in Printed Car Advertisements
308
Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih...
Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension
Ability In Descriptive Text
Through Flashcard
309
Aisya Hartati...
The Role of Teacher’s Training Model and Technological Approach to the
Improvement of Teachers’ Professionalis
312
Intan Sufiah Batubara...
The Difficulties of Students at the Second Year of St.Thomas 3 Senior High
School Medan in Translating English Idioms into Indonesian
315
Fitri Susi Sinurat...
The Effect Of Applying The Great Wind Blows Strategy On The Students’
Vocabulary Mastery
321
Gisca Irdayana Lubis...
Attitude of Examiners in Thesis Convocation
325
Mara Sutan Siregar...
Politeness Strategies in Mandailing Wedding Ceremony
329
300
The Interactions of Social Stratification and Karonese
Register in Giving
Pedah Pedah Perjabun
1)
Elkana Putra Tarigan
Student of English applied Linguistic Study Program Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
kanatigan@gmail.com
2)
Amrin Saragih,
3)
Siti Aisyah Ginting
2&3 )
Lecturers of English Applied Linguistic Study Program Universitas NegeriMedan, Indonesia
Abstract— Indonesia is well known for its variety of tribes, traditional languages, culture and society. It grounds this research to observe and elevate the wealth of traditional culture and language of Indonesia. This research deals with the reflections of social stratification toward the Karonese register in giving pedah pedah perjabun (giving valuable advices in traditional wedding ceremony of Karo by family members of bride and groom). The objectives of this research are to investigate the social stratification and register in the Karonese speech community. The research problems concerns with social stratification and Karonese Register due to the existence of some differences. This study is conducted by using qualitative descriptive design. The data are taken from some records of traditional wedding ceremony of Karonese. The analysis shows that age and occupation are the factors in causing the variety of Karonese language. The result displays two reflections of social stratification toward Karonese register, namely (1) different occupation and age tend to make the variety of lexis, and (2) similar occupation but different age tend to make the variety of grammar. Based on the occupation, register of agriculture is the most frequent used in giving pedah pedah perjabun
Keywords— Register, Social Stratification, Karo Language, Pedah Pedah Perjabun.
I. INTRODUCTION
Studying on language, social, and culture and relationship among of them are valuable issue due to the importance or human communication or interaction in this world. The variety of society and culture tend to influence the variety of language since the different necessity of communication. It triggers this research to expose whether the variety of language exist in same culture, language but different background of speakers. .
Wardhaugh (2000)1the relationship between language and
society with the goal of being a better understanding of the structure of language and how language functions in communication and sociology will be discovered how social can be better understood through the study of language. In establishing a social interaction, people tend to use their own languages based on their purposes or using. Absolutely, it reflects the variety of society deals with variety of languages. It is the basis for this study to investigate such phenomenon of ethnic register and social stratification in Karo, as one of hundreds of Indonesia traditional language
This study analyzes the reflection of social stratifications toward register in Karonese speech community in giving
pedah pedah perjabun.Saragih (2014) 2 the society may also vary in terms of functions done by members of society which means that member of society vary with respect to their activities, for instance what they do in society. Thus, the society may be categorized in terms of their professions such as doctor, teachers, engineers, lawyers, farmer, etc. Variety of language used by doctors is different from that used by farmers. Similarly the variety of language in seminars is different from that used in gossip. Therefore, this study deals with register, diatypic or functional variety of language. Other words, it explains the register based on the function done by the members of society in Karonese speech community.
Differences among group of society are reflected in the
variety of language used or register. Christopher (2013) 3
social stratification is a society’s categorization of people into
socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation, income, wealth, social status, and derived power ( social and political). It is the relative social position of persons within a social group, category, and geographic region and social unit. It refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in hierarchy. Social stratification refers to a class of people who have certain similarities in the area of society such as economy, employment, education, status, and caste.
Ferguson (1994) 4explains registers are characterized by
vocabulary differences either by the use of particular words or by the use of words in particular kind of language being produced by the social situation, other factor connected to the situation in which language is being used, occupation also has linguistics effect. In accordance with that, social stratification or different occupation tends to cause register. Many researchers have been conducted to investigate the reflection of social stratification toward register. Idris Aman (2009) investigates the social variation of Malay language spoken in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia focusing on their accents. He
finds that 5 the Malay of Kuching has their own accent which
is different from other Malay accent or the standard national accent. Jassem (2013)investigates the special of use English by Moslem scholars in different fields of inquiry which has been termed Islamic English. The result of this research
indicates that6 the Islam English is not only real as much as
301 varieties including lexis, grammar, topic, style, and audience,
code switching and Arab city. Thus, it marks as a register, variety or dialect of English which expresses their social and cultural identity. Rahajeng (2013)analyzes of register in the
show of Reog Nawangsih indicates that7 the form register
which consisted of singular and complex and the function of register in that show covers three purposes, instrumental, imagination and information.
The finding of this research deals with the form of
Karonese register in giving pedahpedahperjabun which is
reflected in the interaction of social stratification. Some registers can be found in Karonese speech community, such as register of farmers, register of public transportation driver, register of trader and register of Christian preacher. This study shows that different occupation tends to cause the variety of lexis and different age tends to cause the variety of grammar. In accordance with this case, this research aims to find out how social stratification reflects the register in traditional language of Karonese
II. THEORITICAL BASIS
A. Sociolinguistics
Spolsky (2010) 8 sociolinguistics is the study of the link
between language and society, language variation, and attitude
about language. Moreover, Trudgill (2000) 9 it is the study of
the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context on the way language is used.
1
It is the study of stylistics and social variation of language. There are probably three relationships between language and society. First, the social structure may either influence or determine linguistics structure and behavior. Second, linguistics structure and behavior may either influence or determine social structure. Third, language and society may influence each other. Other words, sociolinguistics studies how all aspects of society have an effect on language, and how language has an effect on society Based on the above explanation, sociolinguistics covers three domains, namely: society, language, the relation society and language.
B. Register
In traditional sense, register is variety of language used for particular purpose or particular setting. It contains two important variables: purpose and setting. It suggests that the resources of language can be variously used based on the goal of communication as well as the speech context. These
distinctive features of register are elaborated in Halliday’s
concept about register (2001) 10register is the collective term
for various situational and functional aspects of a text. In other
words, register is the term of sum text’s subject matter, its
purpose, its mode, its genre, and the relationship that exists between its participants
Yule (2006) considers11 register as conventional way of
using language that is appropriate in a specific context which may be identified as situational (e.g. at church), occupational (e.g. among lawyers), or topical (e.g. talking about language).
Register consists of several kinds viewed from different points of view. Cristoph Schubert (2016). The form of register covers
three majors’ components, namely12
1) Situational context. It is concerned to seven
characteristics; they are participants, relations among participants, channel, and production of circumstance, setting, communicative purposes, and topic.
2) Linguistics features. It covers vocabulary features, content world classes, function word classes, derived words, verb features, pronoun features, reduce form and structure, prepositional phrase, coordination, main clause types, noun phrase, adverbial, complement clause, word order choices, and special features of conversation ( for example pauses and repetition)
3) Functional relationship between first two components
C. Social Stratification
3
social stratification is a society’s categorization of people
into socio economic strata, based upon their occupation, income, wealth, social status and derived power (social and political). Other words, it is the relative social position of person within a social group, category, geographic region, and social unit. Social stratification is defined as a system by which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. It is one of the important factors in the interpretation of the literary discourse.
Max Weber (2002) introduces 13three independent factors that
form stratification, which are class, status and power. Class deals
with a person’s economic position society based on birth and
individual achievement. Status deals with a person’s prestige,
social honor, or popularity in society. Power refers to a person’s ability to get their way despite their resistance of others particularly in their ability to engage social change.
D.Karo Society and Language
Karoneseis most interested in agriculture. Karonese society was born as agricultural society, since years ago Karo society had been able to cultivate their farmland. They go to farmland
with some people (aron) or with their family to plant the rice,
corn, vegetables, andfruits. Aron is a group of people who
(expensive), merga shows the identity and also determination
ofkinship systems of Karonese. According to the decisionof K a r o Cultural Congress in the 1995 Berastagi, one of the
decisions i s that there is five merga contained in Merga
Silima, they are Ginting, Karo-karo,Tarigan, Sembiring, and Perangin-angin
Karo language is an Austronesia language that is spoken in Indonesia. Karo language users usually say Karo language as
302 dialect of Julu, Teruh Deleng, Singalor Lau, Jahe and Liang
Melas. Prinst (2002)14Singalor Lau dialect is used in Juhar,
Tigabinanga, Singgamanik, Laubaleng, and Perbesi. Jahe
dialect (Hilir) is used in Karo Jahe (Deli serdang –Medan and
artially in Langkat (Hulu)). Liang melas dialect is used in Lau melas district. Julu dialect in Kabanjahe sub dictrict, Simpang Empat, TigaPanah and Berastagi. This research take one location in Teruh Deleng (Tigan derket).
E. PedahPedahPerjabun
Itis a part of traditional wedding ceremony of Karonese.
Basically, pedah pedah means advices that contain some wise
words and Perjabun means marriage. Other words pedah
pedah perjabunis a giving valuable advice and congratulation
to bride and groom from Sangkep geluh(family). Based on
interview, Batin sitepu (traditional leader of karo) defines that it is words or sentences utteranced family of bride and groom in traditional wedding ceremony of Karonese which contains advice and views of life.
In traditional wedding of Karonese, Pedah pedahis
delivered by sangkep geluh consisted of kalimbubu(wife’s
family or members of man’s mother lineage), anak
beru(father’s sister’s family) and sembuyak( man from the
same clan). Furthermore, BatinSitepu explains that Pedah
pedah that delivered by all family members have same meaning and purposes. They commonly advise the bride and groom in order to have better future life. They also teach about new sight refers to social, culture, religion and even the relationship between the bride and groom. In this research,
pedahpedahperjabun is analyzed based on register theory that
utterance by kalimbubu
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study will be conducted by using descriptive
qualitative design. Bogdan and Biklen (2006)15 description in
qualitative design is a description of the characteristics the data accurately in accordance with the nature of the data itself. The subjects are the Karonese people and called as informant. They are Karonese people or Karo native speakers who involve to traditional wedding ceremony of Karonese. They are chosen purposively in accordance with social stratification, different occupation (farmer, bus driver, trader, medical practitioner, and Christian preacher) and age (adulthood and old age). According to World Health Organization (WHO)
2009, lifespan can be divided into five phases. 0 – 5
categorized as baby, 6 – 11 categorized as childhood, 12 – 17
categorized as teenage, 18 – 40 categorized as adulthood, and
41 – more categorized as old age. The descriptive qualitative
research has natural setting as the direct source. This study analyzes the phenomenon that occurs in Tanah Karo, it is about social stratification and register. The design can be seen in the table 1.1
The object of this research is register or the variety of lexis and Grammar of Karonese language in Tanah Karo that produced by the subject (informant) of Karonese people in traditional wedding ceremony of Karonese. That register is
specified in giving pedah pedah perjabun by family members
of bride and groom
The data of this research are the registers of karonese
people in giving pedah pedah perjabun in traditional wedding
ceremony of Karonese.. The data of this study are collected by applying procedure proposed by Miles and Huberman (2014). First, the researcher does some preparation or observation before conducting the research such as preparing the tools needed, list of data informant, the instrument of data, and approaching the subject. In this case, it will be performed by collecting Compact Disk (CD) of traditional wedding
ceremony of Karonese. It is focused on event of giving pedah
pedah perjabun. Second, the researcher conducts interview to get the data. As far as the places of data collection are concerned, they will be selecting keeping in view the concentration of Karonese speakers belonging to different social groups. It will be conducted in traditional wedding ceremony of karonese in CD. In order to get data as natural as possible, the researcher visits some places at Tigan derket district, Tanah Karo where the people from different social background or different occupational group of speech community. The speakers belonging to different social groups namely, farmer, bus driver, trader, office goers ( teachers, civil servant) are approached and asked them some questions related to their respective occupations or professions will be recorded in natural way. Third, the researcher transcribes and confirms the data revealed. To make it more vivid, technique of collecting data will be conducted as follows
1. Turn on the CD of traditional wedding ceremony
repeatedly. It focused on event of giving Pedah pedah
perjabun
2. Choose the subject based on age and occupation then transcribe their spoken in the CD into text
3. Collect the data that refers to register then select them to be categorized
303 IV.ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Social Structure of the Karonese Speech Community
Geographically, karonese people live in the high land of Karo, surrounded by two mountains, Sibayak and Sinabung.
Moreover, Karo district is also part of Bukit Barisan(mountain
chains) so it has fertilized land. Therefore, Karo community is majority farmers. In order to make their living and earn their bread, Karonese People like other living societies of the world have entered different occupation or profession. The main occupational groups of Karonese speech community are farmers, traders, driver, and Christian preacher and other profession. Generally, farmers and driver have lower education than the other profession. They commonly graduate from junior or high school. Traders, Christian preacher and other profession commonly graduate from college or university.
Based on traditional culture of Karonese, Karo People are also stratified in accordance with their traditional philosophy,
rakut sitelu. It is kinship system of karonses which is implemented in daily life and some traditional ceremony. It is
consisted of three part of community. Thye are 1) Kalimbubu.
It means members of a man’s mother’s line age; they are
parents and brothers and other agnatick in of the wives of the
men of the ruling line age. Kalimbubu is considered as visible
god so they must be respected in daily life or traditional
ceremony. 2) Sembuyak. It is called as brother who has same
clans or family name. Sembuyak is considered as best mate to
share everything 3) Anak Beru. It
isusedforbrothers-in-law,marriedwomenoftherulinglineage,plustheirhusbandsand
their husband’s agnatick in or descendants. Father’s sisters’
families are alsocalledanakberu. They are considered as peace
maker when there is problem among Sembuyak. Moreover, in
some traditional ceremonies, they have responsibility to organize it
well and serve Sembuyak and Kalimbubu well.
The social stratification in Tanah Karo appears in two elements namely, 1) occupation ( it covers farmer, trader, driver and Christian preacher and age ( adulthood and old age) and 2) the
base philosophy of Karo, Rakutsitelu, stratified karonese speech
community into three parts, kalimbubu, sembuyak, anakberu.
They tend to cause register or the variety of language in giving
pedah pedah perjabun
B. Register among the Karonese Speech Community in Giving Pedah Pedah Perjabun
Register is the direct outcome of social stratification because language and society are related to each other. The social heterogeneity of Karonese speech community is prominently in the linguistics behavior of Karonese speakers and lead them to vary considerably in the use of their language at various levels of linguistics. The register among Karonese speech community in
giving pedah pedah perjabunat the level of lexicon has been found
in accordance with social stratifications, occupation and age. Among Karonese speech community, the register used by one particular occupational or professional group is not only
missing in the lexicon of other occupational or professional group, but has also found mutually unintelligible among different groups of speakers. The example showing variations due to the varying use of different register in giving pedah pedah perjabun are given blow
.1. Register of farming
TABLE I: Karonese Register Of Farming
No. register Meaning
1 mberih Abundant cattle breeding
2 mbuah Abundant harvesting plant
3 ngeroroi To pick the grass at the rice field
4 aron Partner in looking after the plants
5 merdang Time to plant the corp
6 galungi Bump land in ride field
7 ngerabi To clean the bush
8 tandes Sharp
9 ngelebeng To make hole in order to plant onion,
corn and so on
10 ngerambas To hit the grass
11 julu Up
12 jahe Down
13 peliasken To bury the wild grass at rice field
14 maspas To harvest the paddy
15 nenggala To clean the land by using buffalo
16 barbari To clean the small wild grass
17 neldek To plant the paddy
18 muro To watch the paddy out from bird
19 narsari To separate the good and bed rice
20 ngerodap To spray plant by using pescticda
21 sanggar A kind of wild plant
2. Register of trading
TABLE II: Karonese Register Of Trading
No register Meaning
6 Perenggerengge Trader
7 melungen No buyers
8 kutangen Lost
9 kidon Profit
304
11 merga Expensive
12 kiloak To search ex stuffs
3 Register of driver
TABLE III: Karonese Register Of Driver
No register Meaning
6 namping Passengers who stand on the bus
7 bonggal No passanger
8 rulah The car is broken
9 siantuken The car get accident
4.Register of Christian Preacher
TABLE IV: Karonese Register Of Christian Preacher
No register Meaning
1 pertibi The world
2 perbeben Problem
3 serayan Service
4 Kesahsibadia Holy spirit
5 sinituriken Preached by
6 Mampa-
mampa
Having no goal
7 Picetukor Get a lot of problem
8 Beritasimeriah New testament
9 Padansimale Old testament
10 perpulungen Christian community gathering
11 Pedah Advice
C. The Variety of Grammar due to Difference Age
It is a linguistics fact that languages do change and vary with age. One of the influences of age toward language is the difference of grammar. Adulthood (17 40) and old age (41 -65) tends to make different grammar. A farmer (25years old)
congratulates to bride and groom by saying ‘I bas
momensibahagiaenda, sealamat man banduduana…..’ (in this nice moment, happy weeding for you). On the other side, a
farmer (51 years old) says that ‘perpulungensimeriahukur,
jumpabulanrasmatawawiibasperjbundu’ (in this nice moment,
wish u meet moon and sun). This case shows that old age uses metaphor in giving congratulation by saying moon and sun which refers to the happiness of life.
A trader (30 years old) says that ‘……..runtungkam bas
perjabunndu…….’. (wish you luck in your new life). While, a trader (53 years old) does the same thing but has different
grammar, ‘…….dibatamberekenmelalarezeki man bandu….’(
God bless you with abundant profit in your life). Based on this case, age tends to cuase the variety of Karonese grammar in
giving pedahpedahperjabun
V. CONCLUSIONS
In accordance with the data, discussion and finding of social stratification and Karonese register in giving
pedahpedahperjabun,it can be concluded 1). Social stratification in Karo is consisted of two bases, namely
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