THE DIFFERENCE OF STUDENTS LOGICAL REASONING LEVEL THAT HAS TAUGHT WITH USING EXPOSITORY STRATEGY
AND INQUIRY STRATEGY IN SMP N 1 TANJUNG MORAWA AT VIII CLASS 2014/2015
by:
Zulika Rahmi YS ID 4103312010
Mathematics Education Study Program
A THESIS
Submit to Fulfill the Requiretments for Getting the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
DEPARTMENT of MATHEMATICS
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
iv Rajagukguk, M.Pd as his thesis supervisor for his advice, encouragements,
suggestions and knowledge that have been contributed to help the writer in
compiling this thesis so that this thesis could be finished. May God always bless
her and his family now and forever. The writer’s special thanks are expressed to
Mr. Dr. Zul Amry, M.Si. Ph.D, Mr. Elvis Napitupulu M.S , Mrs. Danny Haris,
Mr. Togi, M.Pd as her thesis consultants for their advice, encouragements,
suggestions and knowledge that have been contributed to help the writer in
compiling this thesis.
The writer also give thanks to Mr Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar, M.Si as the Rector
of State University of Medan and also to Mr. Prof. Dr. Motlan Sirait, M.Sc., Ph.D.
as the Dean of FMIPA UNIMED, and to Mr. Prof. Dr. Herbert Sipahutar, M.Sc as
the Vice Dean of FMIPA in State University of Medan who help the writer in the
compiling of this thesis.
The writer’s sincerest thanks are expressed also to Mr. Dr. Edy Surya, M.Pd as the head of Mathematics Department for his management department and
valuable guidance in the arrangement of this thesis, and also for Mr. Drs. Yasifati
Hia, M.Si as the secretary of Mathematics Department for his guidance given. The
writer doesn’t forget to express special thanks also to Mr. Prof. Dr.rer.nat Binari
Manurung, M.Si as the coordinator of Bilingual Program for his contribution to
help the writer in compiling this thesis. Big thanks to all the lecturers of
Mathematics Department and all administrative staff at the faculty, department
v
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are also for her beloved brothers Zikri Akbar for his support, motivation and pray
so that he is able to face the problems during her academic years at the university.
This thesis was compiled from the strength given by all his best friends
Hidayatul Kamila, Fitria Falni and big thanks for Dwi Ardy Dermawan. Her
thanks are sxpressed for the strength, spirit, and endless friendship ever. All his
classmates in bilmath10, Abdul, Anggi, Dian, Dwi, Elfan, Erlyn, Kikie, Ana,
Mila, Lia, Maria, Martyanne, Meiva, Melin, Surya, Nelly, Petra, Riny, Rully,
Sartika, Sheila, Siti, Wulida, are given thanks for the togetherness, spirit, and our
friendship. For all his pplmate in SMP N 1 Tebing Tinggi especially for #BKB
Vika, Melani, Vita, Rully, and Milaare given thanks for the motivation to compile
this thesis. And the next one the special thanks for Puguh Santoso Amd for big
support since process of thesis .
Finally, the writer should give a big effort to prepare this thesis, and the
writer knows that this thesis has so many weaknesses. The writer needs some
suggestions to make it better. At last, may this thesis can be helpful and improve
our knowledge.
Medan, August 2014
The writer,
THE DIFFERENCES OF STUDENTS’ LOGICAL REASONING THAT HAS THAUGHT WITH USING EXPOSITORY STRATEGY AND INQUIRY STRATEGY
IN SMP N 1 TANJUNG MORAWA Zulika Rahmi Ys (IDN 4103312010)
ABSTRACT
This research is quasi-experiment. The purpose of this research was to know if student’s logical reasoning with using inquiry strategy is better than student’s logical reasoning with using expository strategy at SMP N 1 Tanjung Morawa.
The sample of this research is consist of 2 clsses from all students in SMP N 1 Tanjung Morawa. They are VIII-3 Class as Control Class consist of 30 students and VIII-5 Class as Experiment Class consist of 36 students. Control class used Expository Strategy, whereas Experiment class used Inquiry strategy. Collecting data technique of this research was the logical reasoning test that has given in the end of learning either in experimental class or control class. The type of this test is easy, medium and difficult test.
Before doing hypothesis test, it would be done normality and homogeneity test. From the result of test, sample was taken from normal distribution and homogeneus population. For data analysis of experimental class it was used t-test with significance level α=0.05 , obtained that tcalculation > ttable then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.
It can be conclude that student’s logical reasoning in Inquiry strategy is better than student’s logical reasoning in expository strategy at SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background 1
1.2.Problem Identification 7
1.3.Problem Limitation 8
1.4.Problem Formulation 8
1.5.Research Objectives 8
1.6.Research Benefit 9
1.7.Operational Definition 9
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1.Theoretical Framework 11
2.1.1. Learning understanding 11
2.1.2. Mathematical Reasoning Ability 13
2.1.3. Kinds of Reasoning 15
2.1.3.1. Inductive Reasoning 15
2.1.3.2.Deductive reasoning 17
2.1.4. Indicator of Mathematical Reasoning 18
2.1.5. Metacomponents of Mathematical Reasoning 19
2.1.6. Reasoning With Mathematical Analogues 21
2.1.7. Reasoning By Analogy In Solving Problems 22
2.1.8. Learning Strategies 22
2.1.8.1.Inquiry learning strategy 22
2.1.8.2.Expository Learning Strategy 29
2.1.9. Linear System Of Two Variables 32
CHAPTER III
REASERCH METHODOLOGY
3.1.Location and Time Research 36
3.1.1. Population and Research Sample 36
3.2.Variable of Research 36
3.2.1. Independent variable 36
3.3.Research Instrument 37
3.4.Types of Research 37
3.5.Research Design 37
3.6.Research procedures 38
3.7.Data Collection Techniques 40
3.7.1. The validity of the test 40
3.7.2. Reliability test 40
3.7.3. The level of questions difficulty 41
3.7.4. Differential Power 42
3.7.5. Tests of mathematical reasoning abilities 44
3.7.6. Analysis of reasoning abilities 46
3.8.Data Analysis Techniques 47
3.8.1. Normality test 48
3.8.2. Homogeneity test 48
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1.Research Result Description 52
4.1.1. Understanding of Mathematical concept Ability Test 52 4.1.2. The description of Students Logical Reasoning 53
4.2.Analysis of Research Data 54
4.2.1. Analysis of Logical Reasoning Test 54
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1.Conclusion 62
5.2.Suggestion 62
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1 (LESSON PLAN I / Inquiry Strategy) 63
Appendix 2( LESSON PLAN II / Inquiry Strategy) 72
Appendix 3 ( LESSON PLAN III / Inquiry Strategy) 82
Appendix 4 ( LESSON PLAN I / Expository Strategy) 91
Appendix 5( LESSON PLAN II / Expository Strategy) 100
Appendix 6 ( LESSON PLAN III / Expository Strategy) 110
Appendix 7 ( SAS 1 ) 119
Appendix 8 (
Rubric SAS 1
) 122Appendix 9 (SAS2 ) 125
Appendix 10 (
Rubric SAS 2)
130
Appendix 11 (SAS 3 ) 134
Appendix 12 (
Rubric SAS 3)
137
Appendix 13 (Post Test ) 140
Appendix 14 (Rubric of Post Test ) 143
Appendix 15 (Blue Print of Post Test) 147
Appendix 16 (Normality Test) 148
Appendix 17 (
Test of Homogeneity of Variance)
149
Appendix 19 ( The Different Level of Test) 151
Appendix 20 ( The Difficulty Level of Test ) 153
Appendix 21 (The Result of Validity Test ) 155
Appendix 22 (
Observation Sheet
)
157
Appendix 23 ( Table of Reability Test) 161
Appendix 24 (
r Product Moment Table
) 163CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
a. Conclusion
Based on the analysis and discussion of research, it can be conclude that
Students logical reasoning that has taught using Inquiry strategy is better than students’ logical reasoning that has taught using expository strategy at SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa. The percentage of indicators of logical reasoning i.e Students can
determine the relationships within a pattern, Students can draw a general conclusion,
Students can make a conclusion of an argument by using the principle of modus
tollens. Students can make a conclusion of an argument using modus ponens
principle, and Students can make a conclusion of an argument by using the principle
of syllogism. And after doing the inquiry strategy and expository strategy, it find that
inquiry strategy have the higher value of some indicators than expository strategy to
measure the logical reasoning of students.
b. Suggestion
Based on the result of research and the above conclusion, the researcher
submits some suggestion, as follows:
1. Inquiry strategy can be as consideration to teachers in enhancing junior high school students’ logical reasoning of mathematical concept ability.
2. Learning process of mathematics by using inquiry strategy needs longer time
since in its learning, students get the information by them self and with
teachers as guide, so it needs preparation to touch the logical reasoning of
students and using the time with effectively.
3. For further researcher, result and instrument of this research can be used as
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BIOGRAPHY
Zulika Rahmi Ys was born in Kisaran, the 8th May 1992. Her father named Yusri
S.Ag and her mother named Sri Rahayu S.pd. She is the firt of 2 children.
In 1996 she accepted in SDN 013849 Siumbut Baru until 2003. After that she’s
continiued her study in SMP Nnegeri 1 Kisaran until 2006. And from 2006 until 2009 she’s
studying in SMA Negeri 4 Kisaran. In 2009 she accepted in Mechanic of Industry’s
Department , Faculty of Technique. And in 2010 she accepted in Bilingual Class Mathematic
Education, Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, University