MATERI 2 :
DASAR-DASAR
PERENCANAAN
SEBUAH PROYEK
PELATIHAN
Ratuagung’11
Referensi :
KISI-KISI
Who needs to be a part of your training project team and
what each will contribute to the project
Issues to address when planning a schedule for your
training project
How to realistically estimate the cost of your project.
In addition, worksheets at the end of this chapter can help
you plan a project
Because training projects happen within a business
context, before you begin designing and developing a
training course, you need to address three key business
questions that regularly arise during the project:
Who will be involved in the design and development of
your training program?
When will you finish the program?
WHO WORKS ON A
TRAINING PROJECT?
members of the sponsoring organization
MEMBERS OF THE SPONSORING
ORGANIZATION
Paying Client. This person (also called the
executive sponsor or benefactor) is the
executive who has responsibility for the project
Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). This
category includes one or more people who
developed the technical content to be
addressed by the training program
Legal Staff. A representative of the corporate
legal department can serve in this capacity.
Type of
Training
Typical SMEs
Product
Training Engineers, programmers, and scientists who designed and developed the product. In many organizations, marketing professionals who have played a role in developing and marketing the product also serve as SMEs.
Marketing Training
Marketing managers and staff (that is, people who develop sales strategies, create promotional programs, and oversee the salespeople in the field). In some cases, you may also consult with sales representatives in the field
Managemen t
Developmen t
Members of the HR staff and other managers who have responsibility for overseeing company policies, employee supervision, and succession planning.
SUBJECT MATTER
EXPERTS...2
Type of Training
Typical SMEs
(
Subject Matter Experts)
Medical Training Medical staff, engineers, and others involved in the service or product. For regulated products and services, members of the government regulation agency, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, may also serve as an external SME.
New Employee Orientation
Members of the HR staff and managers from areas addressed in the training
Manufacturing
MEMBERS OF THE
TRAINING ORGANIZATION
Manager:
The person within the organization for whom
you work that has overall responsibility for a project.
Managers assign projects, establish budgets and
schedules, secure resources for a project (such as
computers and prototypes of products), and resolve
problems with projects in progress
Curriculum planner:
The person who plans all of the
training in a particular subject area, determining which
courses to include, the content that each course
covers, related materials, resources needed to develop
this content, and overseeing the success of courses.
Course designer and developer:
The person who
performs the needs analysis; chooses and sequences
content; drafts the slides, instructor's notes, and
MEMBERS OF THE TRAINING
ORGANIZATION...2
Graphic designer: The person who designs the physical
appearance of the training materials and prepares art work
Illustrator: The person who prepares specialized drawings,
such as medical illustrations and drawings of new products.
Production personnel: The people who prepare training
materials for duplication. The skills needed for production vary, depending on the communications medium of the final product and may include desktop publishing, video, and audio skills
Training administrator: The person who oversees the
DESIGNING TRAINING IS A
TEAM EFFORT
five suggestions that will help you and
your team perform much more
efficiently (
Carliner
, 1995):
1.
Know yourself
2.
Before you start working together,
spend some time getting to know one
another
3.
Build respect for, and trust in, one
another.
4.
Initiate communication.
TEAM WORK
WHAT FACED?
Decisions.
One of the most common problems in
groups is members feeling that they have been left out
of the decision-making process. So, before any major
decisions are made, determine how you will make
them. By openly discussing the decision-making
process in your first meeting, you can avoid problems
later
Conflict.
What happens if the group can't reach
WHAT FACED?...2
Commitment. Discuss the degree of
commitment that you expect from each
group member. Like most aspects of
team work, each team member has a
different concept of commitment.
ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT
YOUR PROJECT
There are a few common issues that
affect the estimates of training projects.
The first is the stability of subject
matter.
The second common issue that will most
STABILITY OF SUBJECT
MATTER
The less stable the subject matter, the more likely that
you will need to completely revise sections that you
have already written
Identify, as specifically as possible, the aspects of the
subject matter that are not stable.
State what is not stable about the subject matter.
Identify the sections affected by the unstable subject
matter.
Determine how to respond to the instability.
Notes :
WHEN WILL YOU FINISH
THE PROGRAM?
ATURANNYA....
Setting the proposed schedule involves
performing the following activities in this
order:
Estimating the size of the project.
Estimating the total length of the project
(in number of workdays).
HOW MUCH IS THE
PROGRAM GOING TO COST ?
A budget is an itemized estimate of the
cost of producing the project. Because
the most significant cost is labor, and
you pay for labor by the amount of time
that you use it, much of the budget is
based on the length of the project,
which you determine when you estimate
the schedule
PROBLEM BUDGETING....
unanticipated costs: This category includes, for example,
permission fees for using illustrations and graphics in a course unless the materials were produced by a staff illustrator. Most course designers and developers usually forget to budget for these.
underestimated costs: Here's an example: When estimating
the budget, you assumed that you needed 450 copies of the student materials but you actually needed 925. The cost of the additional copies is unanticipated.
ANTISIPASINYA
Some proven ways to address these problems are
fudge factors:
A fudge factor is an additional
percentage built into a project to give you
additional
funding
should
unanticipated
problems arise. This is also called a
contingency.
Different organizations have
different levels of contingency.
tracking:
By carefully tracking how closely
