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BAB III

METODE PENELITIAN

3.1 Jenis Penelitian

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan

kualitatif dimana kekuatan utama pada kegiatan meneliti adalah kemampuan memahami

situasi problematik di lapangan penelitian. Penelitian deskriptif adalah suatu cara atau

metode untuk membuat pencandraan sistimatis, factual, akurat mengenai fakta-fakta dan

sifat-sifat populasi atau daerah penelitian

Silalahi (2010: 284-285) menyebutkan bahwa kapasitas data dalam penelitian

kualitatif merupakan sumber dari deskripsi yang luas dan kokoh serta berisi penjelasan

tentang proses yang terjadi dalam lingkup setempat.

3.2 Penentuan lokasi dan waktu penelitian

Penelitian dilakukan diwilayah Desa Tonusu secara khusus sekitar wilayah

Kampungudang karena sebagian besar anggota masyarakat disana merupakan anggota

kelompok KSP.

Adapun aktifitas penelitian sudah dilakukan sejak tahun 2010-2011 meliputi

pengumpulan informasi-informasi seputar permasalahan masyarakat di Desa Tonusu dan

sekitarnya secara umum. Penelitian resmi dilakukan sejak bulan Desember 2011 sampai

Ferbuari 2012 dengan fokus amatan pada kajian proses pelembagaan nilai po sintuwu di

dalam koperasi simpan pinjam (KSP)

3.2.1 Pertimbangan metodis

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Sebagai pertimbangan praktis peneliti adalah penduduk asli Desa Tonusu.

Meskipun sejak menamatkan sekolah dasar (SD) penulis tidak lagi menetap di desa

tersebut, akan tetapi ikatan emosional dengan lokasi penelitian cukup membantu proses

penggalian data. Selain itu, penulis dapat dengan mudah untuk mengetahui atau

memahami perilaku masyarakat di Tonusu baik masyarakatnya, tokoh masyarakat dan

lembaga, sehingga hal-hal yang disebutkan dapat membantu penelitian

3.3 Unit Amatan dan Unit Analisa

Unit amatan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari :

• Masyarakat Tonusu. Sebagian besar masyarakat di Desa Tonusu merupakan Suku

Pamona yang memiliki latarbelakang nilai dalam bingkai falsafah hidup sintuwu.

• Tokoh masyarakat

• Pengurus dan Anggota Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam

Sedangkan unit analisa penelitian sebagai berikut :

• Ikatan-ikatan yang terbentuk oleh pengaruh falsafah hidup dalam beberapa

kegiatan penting.

• Kegiatan berkaitan dengan aktifitas masyarakat misalnya pernikahan,

pekerjaan-pekerjaan yang terkait pola pengolahan pertanian dan perkebunan

• Proses elaborasi nilai-nilai lokal ke Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam.

3.4 Teknik pengumpulan data

Dalam melakukan penelitian, maka teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan

penulis sebagai berikut :

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• Observasi1). Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk membuat beberapa hal yang penting

antara lain pembuatan denah pemukiman masyarakat juga beberapa denah penting

lainnya, aktifitas-aktifitas yang berlangsung dalam masyarakat,

pekerjaan-pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam sehari-harinya.

• Wawancara2). Kegiatan tersebut dilakukan dengan cara mengajukan pertanyaan

kepada informan kunci antara lain Ibu Pelia, Bapak Ito dan Bapak Bou, Papa Jesi

serta anggota dari Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam. Selain mewawancarai

informan kunci, penulis juga melakukan wawancara kelompok dengan beberapa

anggota dari Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam. Disamping itu, penulis juga

melakukan wawancara tidak langsung dengan cara membagikan kusioner. Metode

kuesioner ini membantu memberikan gambaran umum (bukan generalisasi)

keadaan ekonomi anggota kelompok, karena dari daftar resmi jumlah anggota 35

orang menurut data pengurus kelompok, peneliti berhasil memperoleh data secara

acak dari 25 anggota. Diakhir masa penelitian bulan ferbuari 2012, peneliti

memberikan hasil hardcopy pada pengurus kelompok sebagai data infentaris,

sekaligus memberikan tambahan lembaran kuesioner kosong untuk diisi oleh

anggota kelompok yang belum mengisinya. Sedangkan softcopy diolah oleh

peneliti sedemikian rupa seperti tercantum pada halaman lampiran pemasukan dan

pengeluaran.

3.5 Data Penelitian

1

Lihat Suyanto 2007

2

Lihat Koent jaranigrat 1997

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• Data Penelitian digambarkan pada uraian Tabel berikut

Jenis Data Sumber Data

Data Primer Anggota KSP dan pengurus

Informan kunci

Hasil rekaman wawancara

Dokumentasi visual (foto digital)

Data Sekunder Buku laporan kehadiran anggota

Buku Notulensi kegiatan

Buku Keuangan kelompok

Data kependudukan Desa Tonusu

Sejarah Desa Tonusu

Buku sejarah Pamona3)

3

Lihat buku Sigilipu (1972) dengan judul M berasi Polimbayo Lemba mPamona atau secara harafiah d iartikan m empelajari gambaran lembah pamona (tempat bermukimnya orang-orang Pamona)

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