BAB II
ISI DAN PEMBAHASAN KODE ETIK AHLI GIZI DI INDONESIA
Ahli Gizi yang dalam melaksanakan profesi gizi harus mengabdikan dirinya sepenuh hati dengan senantiasa bertaqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, menunjukkan sikap dan perbuatan terpuji yang dilandasi oleh falsafah dan nilai-nilai Pancasila, Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 serta Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga Persatuan Ahli Gizi Indonesia serta etik profesinya.
A. Kewajiban Umum
1. Ahli Gizi berperan meningkatkan keadaan gizi dan kesehatan serta berperan dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan dan kesejahteran rakyat
2. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban menjunjung tinggi nama baik profesi gizi dengan menunjukkan sikap, perilaku, dan budi luhur serta tidak mementingkan diri sendiri
3. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban senantiasa menjalankan profesinya menurut standar profesi yang telah ditetapkan
4. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban senantiasa menjalankan profesinya bersikap jujur, tulus dan adil
5. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban menjalankan profesinya berdasarkan prinsip keilmuan, informasi terkini, dan dalam menginterpretasikan informasi hendaknya objektif tanpa membedakan individu dan dapat menunjukkan sumber rujukan yang benar
6. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban senantiasa mengenal dan memahami keterbatasannya sehingga dapat bekerjasama dengan pihak lain atau membuat rujukan bila diperlukan 7. Ahli Gizi dalam melakukan profesinya mengutamakan kepentingan masyarakat dan
berkewajiban senantiasa berusaha menjadi pendidik dan pengabdi masyarakat yang sebenarnya
8. Ahli Gizi dalam bekerjasama dengan para profesional lain di bidang kesehatan maupun lainnya berkewajiban senantiasa memelihara pengertian yang sebaik-baiknya. B. Kewajiban Terhadap Klien
1. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban sepanjang waktu senantiasa berusaha memelihara dan meningkatkan status gizi klien baik dalam lingkungan institusi pelayanan gizi atau di masyarakat umum
2. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban senantiasa menjaga kerahasiaan klien atau masyarakat yang dilayaninya baik pada saat klien masih atau sudah tidak dalam pelayanannya, bahkan juga setelah klien meninggal dunia kecuali bila diperlukan untuk keperluan kesaksian hukum 3. Ahli Gizi dalam menjalankan profesinya senantiasa menghormati dan menghargai
kebutuhan unik setiap klien yang dilayani dan peka terhadap perbedaan budaya, dan tidak melakukan diskriminasi dalam hal suku, agama, ras, status sosial, jenis kelamin, usia dan tidak menunjukkan pelecehan seksual
4. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban senantiasa memberikan pelayanan gizi prima, cepat, dan akurat
5. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban memberikan informasi kepada klien dengan tepat dan jelas, sehingga memungkinkan klien mengerti dan mau memutuskan sendiri berdasarkan informasi tersebut
6. Ahli Gizi dalam melakukan tugasnya, apabila mengalami keraguan dalam memberikan pelayanan berkewajiban senantiasa berkonsultasi dan merujuk kepada ahli gizi lain yang mempunyai keahlian
C. Kewajiban Terhadap Masyarakat
1. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban melindungi masyarakat umum khususnya tentang penyalahgunaan pelayanan, informasi yang salah dan praktek yang tidak etis berkaitan dengan gizi, pangan termasuk makanan dan terapi gizi/diet. Ahli Gizi hendaknya senantiasa memberikan pelayanannya sesuai dengan informasi faktual, akurat dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenarannya
2. Ahli Gizi senantiasa melakukan kegiatan pengawasan pangan dan gizi sehingga dapat mencegah masalah gizi di masyarakat
3. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban senantiasa Peka terhadap status gizi masyarakat untuk mencegah terjadinya masalah gizi dan meningkatkan status gizi masyarakat
4. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban memberi contoh hidup sehat dengan pola makan dan aktivitas fisik yang seimbang sesuai dengan nilai praktek gizi individu yang baik
5. Dalam bekerja sama dengan profesional lain di masyarakat, Ahli Gizi berkewajiban hendaknya senantiasa berusaha memberikan dorongan, dukungan, inisiatif, dan bantuan lain dengan sungguh-sungguh demi tercapainya status gizi dan kesehatan optimal di masyarakat
6. Ahli Gizi dalam mempromosikan atau mengesahkan produk makanan tertentu berkewajiban senantiasa tidak dengan cara yang salah atau, menyebabkan salah interpretasi atau menyesatkan masyarakat
D. Kewajiban Terhadap Teman Seprofesi dan Mitra Kerja
1. Ahli Gizi dalam bekerja melakukan promosi gizi, memelihara dan meningkatkan status gizi masyarakat secara optimal, berkewajiban senantiasa bekerjasama dan menghargai berbagai disiplin ilmu sebagai mitra kerja di masyarakat
2. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban senantiasa memelihara hubungan persahabatan yang harmonis dengan semua organisasi atau disiplin ilmu/profesional yang terkait dalam upaya meningkatkan status gizi, kesehatan, kecerdasan dan kesejahteraan rakyat
3. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban selalu menyebarluaskan ilmu pengetahuan dan keterampilan terbaru kepada sesama profesi dan mitra kerja
E. Kewajiban Terhadap Profesi dan Diri Sendiri
1. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban mentaati, melindungi dan menjunjung tinggi ketentuan yang dicanangkan oleh profesi
2. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban senantiasa memajukan dan memperkaya pengetahuan dan keahlian yang diperlukan dalam menjalankan profesinya sesuai perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi terkini serta peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan
3. Ahli Gizi harus menunjukkan sikap percaya diri, berpengetahuan luas, dan berani mengemukakan pendapat serta senantiasa menunjukkan kerendahan hati dan mau menerima pendapat orang lain yang benar
4. Ahli Gizi dalam menjalankan profesinya berkewajiban untuk tidak boleh dipengaruhi oleh kepentingan pribadi termasuk menerima uang selain imbalan yang layak sesuai denga jasanya, meskipun dengan pengetahuan klien/masyarakat (tempat di mana ahli gizi dipekerjakan)
5. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban tidak melakukan perbuatan yang melawan hukum, dan memaksa orang lain untuk melawan hukum
6. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban memelihara kesehatan dan keadaan gizinya agar dapat bekerja dengan baik
7. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban melayani masyarakat umum tanpa memandang keuntungan perseorangan atau kebesaran seseorang
8. Ahli Gizi berkewajiban selalu menjaga nama baik profesi dan mengharumkan organisasi profesi
F. Penetapan Pelanggaran
Pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan kode etik ini diatur tersendiri dalam Majelis Kode Etik Persatuan Ahli Gizi Indonesia
G. Kekuatan Kode Etik
Kode etik Ahli Gizi ini dibuat atas prinsip bahwa organisasi profesi bertanggung jawab terhadap kiprah anggotanya dalam menjalankan praktek profesinya.
Kode etik ini berlaku setelah hari dari disahkannya kode etik ini oleh sidang tertinggi profesi sesuai dengan ketentuan yang tertuang dalam anggaran dasar dan anggaran rumah tangga profesi gizi.
KODE ETIK AHLI GIZI DI AMERIKA A. Fundamental Principles
1. The dietetics practitioner conducts himself/herself with honesty, integrity, and fairness.
2. The dietetics practitioner supports and promotes high standards of professional practice. The dietetics practitioner accepts the obligation to protect clients, the public, and the profession by upholding the Code of Ethics for the Profession of Dietetics and by reporting perceived violations of the Code through the processes established by ADA and its credentialing agency, CDR
B. Responsibilities to the Public
3. The dietetics practitioner considers the health, safety, and welfare of the public at all times.
The dietetics practitioner will report inappropriate behavior or treatment of a client by another dietetics practitioner or other professionals.
4. The dietetics practitioner complies with all laws and regulations applicable or related to the profession or to the practitioner’s ethical obligations as described in this Code.
a. The dietetics practitioner must not be convicted of a crime under the laws of the United States, whether a felony or a misdemeanor, an essential element of which is dishonesty.
b. The dietetics practitioner must not be disciplined by a state for conduct that would violate one or more of these principles.
c. The dietetics practitioner must not commit an act of misfeasance or malfeasance that is directly related to the practice of the profession as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, a licensing board, or an agency of a governmental body.
5. The dietetics practitioner provides professional services with objectivity and with respect for the unique needs and values of individuals.
a. The dietetics practitioner does not, in professional practice, discriminate against others on the basis of race, ethnicity, creed, religion, disability, gender, age, gender identity, sexual orientation, national origin, economic status, or any other legally protected category.
b. The dietetics practitioner provides services in a manner that is sensitive to cultural differences.
c. The dietetics practitioner does not engage in sexual harassment in connection with professional practice.
6. The dietetics practitioner does not engage in false or misleading practices or communications.
a. The dietetics practitioner does not engage in false or deceptive advertising of his or her services.
b. The dietetics practitioner promotes or endorses specific goods or products only in a manner that is not false and misleading.
c. The dietetics practitioner provides accurate and truthful information in communicating with the public.
7. The dietetics practitioner withdraws from professional practice when unable to fulfill his or her professional duties and responsibilities to clients and others.
a. The dietetics practitioner withdraws from practice when he/she has engaged in abuse of a substance such that it could affect his or her practice.
b. The dietetics practitioner ceases practice when he or she has been adjudged by a court to be mentally incompetent.
c. The dietetics practitioner will not engage in practice when he or she has a condition that substantially impairs his or her ability to provide effective service to others.
C. Responsibilities to Clients
8. The dietetics practitioner recognizes and exercises professional judgment within the limits of his or her qualifications and collaborates with others, seeks counsel, or makes referrals as appropriate.
9. The dietetics practitioner treats clients and patients with respect and consideration. a. The dietetics practitioner pro-vides sufficient information to enable clients and others
to make their own informed decisions.
b. The dietetics practitioner respects the client’s right to make decisions regarding the recommended plan of care, including consent, modification, or refusal.
10. The dietetics practitioner protects confidential information and makes full disclosure about any limitations on his or her ability to guarantee full confidentiality. 11. The dietetics practitioner, in dealing with and providing services to clients and
others, complies with the same principles set forth above in “Responsibilities to the Public” (Principles #3-7).
D. Responsibilities to the Profession
12. The dietetics practitioner practices dietetics based on evidence-based principles and current information.
13. The dietetics practitioner presents reliable and substantiated information and interprets controversial information without personal bias, recognizing that legitimate differences of opinion exist.
14. The dietetics practitioner assumes a life-long responsibility and accountability for personal competence in practice, consistent with accepted professional standards, continually striving to increase professional knowledge and skills and to apply them in practice.
15. The dietetics practitioner is alert to the occurrence of a real or potential conflict of interest and takes appropriate action whenever a conflict arises.
a. The dietetics practitioner makes full disclosure of any real or perceived conflict of interest.
b. When a conflict of interest cannot be resolved by disclosure, the dietetics practitioner takes such other action as may be necessary to eliminate the conflict, including recusal from an office, position, or practice situation.
16. The dietetics practitioner permits the use of his or her name for the purpose of certifying that dietetics services have been rendered only if he or she has provided or supervised the provision of those services.
17. The dietetics practitioner accurately presents professional qualifications and credentials.
a. The dietetics practitioner, in seeking, maintaining, and using credentials provided by CDR, provides accurate information and complies with all requirements imposed by CDR. The dietetics practitioner uses CDR-awarded credentials (“RD” or “Registered Dietitian”; “DTR” or “Dietetic Technician, Registered”; “CS” or “Certified Specialist”; and “FADA” or “Fellow of the American Dietetic Association”) only when the credential is current and authorized by CDR.
b. The dietetics practitioner does not aid any other person in violating any CDR requirements or in representing himself or herself as CDR-credentialed when he or she is not.
18. The dietetics practitioner does not invite, accept, or offer gifts, monetary incentives, or other considerations that affect or reasonably give an appearance of affecting his/her professional judgment.
Clarification of Principle:
a. Whether a gift, incentive, or other item of consideration shall be viewed to affect, or give the appearance of affecting, a dietetics practitioner’s professional judgment is dependent on all factors relating to the transaction, including the amount or value of the consideration, the likelihood that the practitioner’s judgment will or is intended to be affected, the position held by the practitioner, and whether the consideration is offered or generally available to persons other than the practitioner.
b. It shall not be a violation of this principle for a dietetics practitioner to accept compensation as a consultant or employee or as part of a research grant or corporate sponsorship program, provided the relationship is openly disclosed and the practitioner acts with integrity in performing the services or responsibilities.
c. This principle shall not preclude a dietetics practitioner from accepting gifts of nominal value, attendance at educational programs, meals in connection with educational exchanges of information, free samples of products, or similar items, as long as such items are not offered in exchange for or with the expectation of, and do not result in, conduct or services that are contrary to the practitioner’s professional judgment.
d. The test for appearance of impropriety is whether the conduct would create in reasonable minds a perception that the dietetics practitioner’s ability to carry out professional responsibilities with integrity, impartiality, and competence is impaired. E. Responsibilities to Colleagues and Other Professionals
19. The dietetics practitioner demonstrates respect for the values, rights, knowledge, and skills of colleagues and other professionals.
a. The dietetics practitioner does not engage in dishonest, misleading, or inappropriate business practices that demonstrate a disregard for the rights or interests of others. b. The dietetics practitioner provides objective evaluations of performance for
employees and coworkers, candidates for employment, students, professional association memberships, awards, or scholarships, making all reasonable efforts to avoid bias in the professional evaluation of others.
KODE ETIK AHLI GIZI DI KANADA A. Responsibilities to The Client
Principle 1. To maintain integrity and empathy in professional practice : a. Client-Centred Provision of Service
1. Place the clients best interests as the primary professional obligation.
2. Respect the wishes of the client and his/her appropriate others within the obligations of the law and CDO’s standards of practice.
3. Make every effort to communicate effectively with clients.
4. Use language that is respectful in written and verbal communication. 5. Seek out and share information with the clients so that :
a) they are able to make an informed decision or choice; and
b) they are able to take advantage of any resources or programs that would benefit them or assist them in meeting their needs.
6. Respect the clients’ right to have physical modesty and psychological privacy protected.
7. Not derive physical, emotional or financial advantage from the clients, their property, their reputation or employment.
8. Ensure that competition in the practice is carried out with integrity, honesty and does not compromise quality of service.
b. Freedom from Prejudice
9. Treat all individuals equitably, regardless ofgender, age, health status, religion, ethnic origin, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, sexual orientation or other characteristic listed in the Ontario Human Rights Code or that is similarly irrelevant to equitable treatment.
c. Limiting Treatment of Services
10. Listen to and appreciate the clients’ values, opinions, needs and ethno-cultural and religious beliefs in order to offer them appropriate services.
11. Recommend only services or treatments (or action plans) that are necessary for my client’s well-being and relate to the goals or objectives developed with the client.
12. Terminate an activity or treatment when it becomes clear that the treatment or activity is more harmful than beneficial or when it is shown to be ineffective in producing the desired outcome.
d. Fees for Services Rendered
13. Be responsible for charging a fair and reasonable fee and charge only for professional services
14. Inform clients of the fee for the service and available methods of payment prior to providing the service.
15. Avoid offering a reduction for prompt payment of an account. e. Honoring Commitments
16. To the best of the knowledge, only enter into agreements or contracts which allow me to act in accordance with the law and CDO’s Standards of Practice which include the Code of Ethics.
17. Honour all promises or commitments made verbally or in writing unless serious and unexpected circumstances intervene.
f. Ensuring Provision of Service
18. Continue professional services that are needed unless, a) the client requests the discontinuation; or
b) alternative services are arranged, or
c) the client is given reasonable notice to arrange alternative services.
19. If the client requests discontinuation of service and is deemed competent according to the Health Care Consent Act, I will inform the client of the risks and consequences of discontinuing service before doing so.
g. Honest Representation
20. Accurately represent the own and the associates’ qualifications, experience and affiliations in all spoken or written communications.
21. Permit the use of the name for the purpose of verifying that dietetic services have been rendered only if I have provided or supervised the provision of those services.
22. Properly credit the contribution and work of others.
23. Use “RD/Dt.P.” only when registration with the College of Dietitians of Ontario is current.
24. Not hold myself out to be someone who is qualified to practise in Ontario as a dietitian or in a specialty of dietetics when registration with CDO is not current. 25. Avoid using the title “doctor” or any variation or abbreviation or equivalent in
another language in the course of providing or offering to provide health care unless I am a member of the College of Chiropractors, Optometrists, Physicians and Surgeons, or Psychologists of Ontario or the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario.
26. Provide accurate ongoing information as required by the College of Dietitians of Ontario.
h. Record Keeping
27. To the best of the knowledge, avoid false entries, misleading statements, prolonged delays or omissions in any records relating to the practice.
28. Respect the client’s right to health records as outlined in CDO’s Professional Misconduct Regulations (Record Keeping and Reports section).
Principle 2. To strive for objectivity of judgment in such matters as confidentiality and conflict of interest
a. Conflict of Interest
29. Arrange for another dietitian and withdraw from the situation when the client’s wish conflicts with the personal values such that I cannot provide appropriate service.
30. Avoid or disclose a real or perceived conflict of interest in which the professional judgment could be compromised.
b. Client Confidentiality
31. Provide nutrition treatment to the client once informed consent is obtained and respect the client’s wishes when he/she refuses the treatment.
32. Divulge confidential information without consent only when authorized or required by law. This would include circumstances of disclosure for the purpose of eliminating or reducing a risk to an individual’s health or safety if there are reasonable grounds to believe the risk is significant.
33. Refrain from collecting (i.e actively requesting) information which is irrelevant or unnecessary to providing dietetic service. In areas that may be questionable, document reasons for collecting the information.
34. Develop practices which ensure confidentiality of service records; comply with pertinent legislation and assist to improve agency practices in this regard.
Principle 3. To work co-operatively with colleagues, other professionals and lay persons a. Seeking Consultation
35. Keep informed of the expertise of dietitians and other professionals with whom I work or consult. Exchange knowledge and refer clients to them when clients would benefit from their expertise.
36. Seek the opinion of an appropriate colleague (i.e, to clarify a practice issue, a nutritional diagnosis or treatment plan, or when the client requests it). When requesting the opinion of a colleague.
b. Acting as a Consultant
37. Report to the referring health professional all pertinent findings, recommendations and nutrition-related services provided to the client.
c. Working as Part of a Professional Team
38. Provide service as a member of a professional team, showing respect for its members, recognizing their expertise, sharing information with them and planning collaboratively with them regarding quality service to the client.
39. Discuss and work through consent issues, ethical conflicts and concerns with the professional team.
40. Discuss resource allocation with the professional team so that they can be involved in resolving a problem.
41. Ensure that the action plan is consistent with the overall plan of the team. When the overall plan of the team is inconsistent with the goals of the client, advocate on the client’s behalf.
42. Place the needs of the clients first, but also consider the philosophy and policies of the employer.
43. Encourage and collaborate with the employer to develop and update policies and standards in order to improve the quality of service provided to the clients.
Principle 4. To obtain informed consent, for our invasive or experimental procedures a. Informed Consent
44. Take all reasonable steps to ensure that consent is not given under conditions of coercion or undue pressure.
45. Recognize that informed consent results from collaborating with the client or substitute-decision maker. This entails fully informing the client of the related treatment and obtaining a clear indication that the client understands.
46. Assure, in the process of obtaining informed consent from both capable and incapable clients, that I follow CDO’s Guidelines for the Health Care Consent Act.
47. Explain to the clients their right to information and help them obtain additional information as needed.
48. Assist clients in understanding information especially when ethno-cultural or literacy issues apply.
49. Respect informed, voluntary decisions and choices even when they may conflict with the personal opinion.
50. Respect the right of individuals to discontinue service or participation in a research study at any time. Be sensitive to nonverbal indications of a desire to discontinue and seek confirmation from the individual or substitute decision maker.
51. Discuss the clients’ direct questions with the professional team and advocate for clients’ right to receive relevant information.
52. Recognize and avoid discussing health related information which is beyond the scope of expertise and avoid doing so.
B. Responsibilities to Society
Principle 5. To maintain a high standard of personal competence through continuing education and an ongoing critical evaluation of professional experience.
a. Compliance with Standards of Practice
53. Comply with CDO’s Standards of Practice, including regulations, rules and the Code of Ethics.
54. Refrain from practising when a physical or mental condition or incapacity (e.g., substance abuse) affects the ability to provide appropriate dietetic service. Practitioners will report to the appropriate regulatory body any regulated professional who is practising while incapable.
55. Consider seriously any concerns others may express about the professional ethics in an attempt to reach an agreement on the issue and if needed, change the practice accordingly.
b. Commitment to Quality Practice
56. Always practise with the knowledge and skills of which I am capable.
57. Explore alternative ways of providing quality service within CDO regulations. In the case of clinical practice, the dietitian should usually favour options that minimize the risk of harm to clients.
58. Accept only those responsibilities which I am competent to perform.
59. Disclose pertinent limitations to the employer and obtain further training when asked to assume responsibilities beyond the present level of competence.
60. Commit myself to continuous self-evaluation and professional development. 61. Keep myself up-to-date with the knowledge and skills appropriate to the practice
setting through a variety of learning opportunities and resources.
62. Seek and accept relevant and objective feedback from peers, clients, supervisors and employers.
63. Demonstrate knowledge of advances in research and incorporate relevant results into the practice.
64. Acknowledge and correct all errors in the practice as soon as they are identified. 65. Develop, promote and participate in accountability processes and procedures
related to the work.
Principle 6. To protect members of society against the unethical or incompetent behavior of colleagues or other fellow health professionals
a. Proper Representation of Knowledge and Credentials
66. Protect the skills, knowledge of dietetics and credentials of dietitians from being misused, misrepresented or used incompetently and act quickly to address any misuse.
67. Not assist another person in violating any dietetic registration requirements or aiding another person in misrepresenting herself/himself as an “RD”.
b. Prevention of Client Abuse
68. Prevent or correct practices that are discriminatory or are physically, verbally, emotionally, sexually or financially abusive of clients.
c. Mandatory Reporting
69. If there is the potential for serious and immediate risk of harm to client(s) or when the client’s rights are being violated, report this immediately to the appropriate regulatory body.
Principle 7. To ensure that our publics are informed of the nature of any nutritional treatment or advice and its possible effects
a. Providing Accurate Nutrition Related Information
70. Represent substantiated information and interpret controversial information without personal bias, recognizing that legitimate differences of opinion exist. 71. Not recommend or promote the use of nutritional supplements or other agents
whose complete formulas are not available to the dietetic profession, nor use “secret remedies”. Recommended supplements must be authorized or recognized as approved safe by government legislation.
72. Not recommend vitamin, mineral or nutritional supplements for improper use. 73. Not hold out to the public as exclusive to me any agent, method or technique I
employ; nor hold out that any technique I employ is the only technique to deal with a concern.
74. Not advertise products or services in a false or misleading manner.
75. Inform the client when personal values prevent the recommendation of some form of therapy.
b. Respecting the Clients’Choices
76. Recognize that the clients have the right to decline the service or to request the opinions of other dietitians.
Principle 8. To support the advancement and dissemination of nutritional and related knowledge and skills
a. Advocacy and Lobbying
77. Speak out, in a manner consistent with this Code, when I possess expert knowledge that bears on important societal issues being studied or discussed. 78. Advocate for needed health policy and resources by working with individuals,
groups, other health professionals, employers or the government.
79. Explain the value of dietitians to clients, and advocate for input into policies relating to client service.
b. Promoting Excellence in Dietetics Through Research
80. Advance and support nutrition and health promotion and research.
81. Secure patents, trademarks and copyrights only on the condition that they are not used to restrict research, practice or the benefits of the material.
c. Conducting Research
82. Ensure that research participants are informed of and completely understand the benefits and risks before partaking in the study.
83. Ensure that research participants are informed of the purpose of the research study and if agree to participate, provide them with a copy of their informed consent agreement.
84. Recognize that the clients have the right to reject or withdraw from a research project at any time and I will ensure that the quality of service provided afterwards is not affected by their choice.
85. Establish valid inclusion and exclusion criteria for selection of research participants.
86. Ensure that confidentiality and anonymity of the research participants is maintained.
87. Ensure that research participants have an opportunity to voice their concerns or ask questions throughout the duration of the study.
88. Ensure that research participants are removed from the study at any point when the participants are thought to be at risk or harm by continuing to participate. 89. Collect only data that is relevant to the research.
90. Ensure that the research results are not falsified in any way. C. Responsibilities to The Profession
Principle 9. To support others in the pursuit of professional goals a. Providing Feedback and Support
91. Support and contribute to the continuing education and the professional development of employees and colleagues.
92. Provide objective, unbiased evaluations of candidates for professional memberships, awards, scholarships or job advancements. Make all reasonable efforts to avoid bias in any kind of professional evaluation of others.
93. Empower and provide support for peers and colleagues to develop to their full potential and recognize their contributions (i.e, mentoring).
Principle 10. To support the training and education of future members of the profession a. Responsibility as a Mentor/Educator
94. Empower students and interns to develop to their full potential and recognize their contributions.
95. Assume overall responsibility for the professional activities of students, interns, trainees and avoid assigning tasks to anyone who cannot perform them competently.
96. Make no attempt to conceal the status of a student, trainee or intern.
97. As much as possible, provide or arrange for adequate working conditions, timely evaluations and experience opportunities for students, trainees and interns. 98. Provide or arrange for a safe working environment for students and interns, free
from discrimination and potential abuse, such as physical, sexual, financial or verbal abuse.
99. Ensure that all students, interns are not coerced in their selection and fulfillment of their educational goals.
100. Perform the teaching duties on the basis of careful preparation so that the instruction is current and scholarly.
101. Present instructional information accurately, avoiding bias in the selection and presentation of information and publicly acknowledge any personal values or bias which influence the selection and presentation of information.
b. Responsibility to Promote Ethical Practice
102. Assist in the development of those who enter the discipline of dietetics by helping them to acquire a full understanding of the ethics, responsibilities and needed competencies of their chosen area(s).
103. Ensure that the students, trainees or interns understand the Code of Ethics. I will serve as a role model for them by applying the Code of Ethics to everyday practice situations and preparing students for the ever changing aspects of ethics in dietetic practice.
Principle 11. To involve myself in activities that promote a vital and progressive profession a. Advancing Dietetic Standards and Knowledge
104. Uphold the profession’s responsibility to society by promoting and maintaining high standards.
105. Participate in ethical and ongoing dietetic research to advance the profession and for incorporation into dietetic practice.
106. Be sensitive to the needs, current issues and problems of society when determining research projects and program development.
b. Advancing the Regulation of the Profession
107. Assist the profession in improving its standards and values by identifying issues for CDO that are relevant to the provision of safe, effective and ethical nutritional care; bringing to the attention of the College ethical issues which require clarification or development of new guidelines or standards; and assisting in the continuous review of the Code of Ethics and other standards to assure relevance and comprehensiveness.
108. Co-operate with health regulatory bodies in the investigation of complaints against health professionals.
c. Supporting or Participating in Professional Activities
109. Get involved, as much as possible, in organizations, committees, or activities which promote personal and professional growth or the nutritional health of the public.
Perbandingan Antara Kode Etik di Indonesia, Amerika dan Kanada
Prinsip Indonesia Amerika Kanada
Kewajiban Integritas dan empati √ √ √
terhadap Klien (responsibilities to the clients)
pendapat
Bekerjasama secara kooperatif √ √ √
Menjaga keamanan informasi
klien √ √ √ Kewajiban terhadap Masyarakat (responsibilities to the society) Kompetensi personal √ √ √
Perlindungan dari perlakuan tidak
etis √ √ √
Informasi mengenai gizi √ √ √
Dukungan terhadap kemajuan dalam bidang gizi terkait pengetahuan dan keahlian
√ √ √ Kewajiban terhadap Profesi, Teman Kerja dan Mitra Kerja (responsibilities to the profession, Colleagues and Other Professionals)
Mendukung tujuan yang
professional √ √ √
Mendukung pelatihan dan
edukasi pada anggota baru - √ √
Melibatkan diri dalam kegiatan yang memajukan profesi gizi
√ √ √
Bila dilihat dari isi kode etik secara keseluruhan, kode etik di Indonesia, Amerika dan Kanada, terdapat persamaan, yaitu pada pertanggungjawaban yang meliputi pertanggungjawaban kepada klien, masyarakat dan profesi. Dari kewajiban-kewajiban tersebut, terdapat beberapa prinsip yang juga hampir sama. Beberapa prinsip tersebut antara lain integritas dan empati ahli gizi, objektivitas dalam memberikan pendapat, kerjasama secara kooperatif, menjaga keamanan informasi klien, kompetensi personal seorang ahli gizi, perlindungan masyarakat dari perlakuan yang tidak etis dari tenaga kesehatan lain, dukungan terhadap kemajuan dalam bidang gizi terkait pengetahuan dan keahlian, dukungan terhadap tujuan yang professional, dukungan terhadap pelatihan dan edukasi pada anggota baru, dan melibatkan diri dalam kegiatan yang memajukan profesi gizi. Dari beberapa prinsip tersebut, terdapat salah satu prinsip yang tidak terdapat di dalam kode etik di Indonesia. Prinsip tersebut adalah dukungan terhadap pelatihan dan edukasi pada anggota baru. Hal lain yang membedakan kode etik antara di Indonesia, Amerika dan Kanada adalah sistematika bahasa
dan rinci atau tidaknya isi dari kode etik tersebut. Bila dilihat dari segi bahasa, kode etik di Indonesia tidak dijelaskan per prinsip melainkan langsung dijelaskan per poin kode etiknya. Sedangkan pada kode etik di Amerika dan Kanada, terdapat beberapa prinsip, kemudian prinsip tersebut dijabarkan kembali ke dalam poin-poin, sehingga lebih rinci.
BAB III PENUTUP 3.1 Kesimpulan
Secara garis besar, terdapat kesamaan dalam aspek pertanggungjawaban antara kode etik di Indonesia, Amerika dan Kanada, yaitu pertanggungjawaban kepada klien, masyarakat dan profesi. Hal yang membedakan adalah ada beberapa prinsip yang tidak dijelaskan atau tercantum dan bahasa yang digunakan dalam penulisan kode etik antara satu negara dengan negara lain.
3.2 Saran
Jika dilihat dari perbandingan kode etik di Indonesia dan negara lain, kode etik di Indonesia sudah cukup bagus, baik isi dan bahasa yang digunakan. Namun penyusunan kode etik di Indonesia masih menggunakan bahasa yang panjang lebar dan masih kurang sistematis. Selain itu, bila perlu dapat pula ditambahkan poin tambahan atau pengubahan dalam kode etik tersebut agar dapat memajukan profesi gizi di Indonesia dan mampu bersaing dengan profesi gizi di negara lain.
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang
Pada saat ini, permasalahan gizi di Indonesia semakin banyak, baik gizi buruk, gizi lebih dan berbagai penyakit degeneratif yang diakibatkan pola hidup yang kurang sehat. Untuk itu, diperlukan peran ahli gizi yang berkompeten dan menjunjung tinggi etik professional dalam menghadapi masalah terkait gizi tersebut yang kian hari kian meningkat. Sehingga dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam upaya pelayanan kesehatan terkait masalah gizi dan agar dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan gizi bagi masyarakat.
Selain itu, adanya perdagangan bebas di tingkat Asia melalui Asian Free Trade Aggreement (AFTA) mendorong para tenaga gizi di Indonesia untuk mampu bersaing secara global dengan tenaga gizi dari negara lain. Sehingga diperlukan untuk menciptakan tenaga gizi yang professional dan mumpuni sesuai dengan standar professional gizi di tingkat internasional.Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, diperlukan sebuah standar profesi gizi agar dapat digunakan oleh para tenaga gizi di Indonesia dalam melakukan kewenangannya sebagai seorang tenaga kesehatan terkait gizi. Selain itu, diharapkan pula mencetak para tenaga gizi yang professional, kompeten dan menjunjung tinggi etika.
1.2 Rumusan Masalah
1. Bagaimana isi kode etik profesi gizi di Indonesia? 2. Bagaimana isi kode etik profesi gizi di Amerika? 3. Bagaimana isi kode etik profesi gizi di Kanada?
4. Bagaimana perbandingan isi kode etik profesi gizi di Indonesia, Amerika dan Kanada?
1.3 Tujuan
1. Untuk mengetahui isi kode etik profesi gizi di Indonesia. 2. Untuk mengetahui isi kode etik profesi gizi di Amerika. 3. Untuk mengetahui isi kode etik profesi gizi di Kanada.
4. Untuk mengetahui perbandingan kode etik profesi gizi di Indonesia, Amerika dan Kanada.
1.4 Manfaat
1. Dapat memberikan gambaran profesi gizi di Indonesia beserta kode etik yang harus dilaksanakan.
2. Dapat memberikan gambaran profesi gizi di negara lain beserta kode etiknya. 3. Dapat membandingkan antara kode etik profesi gizi di Indonesia dengan kode etik
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
American Dietetic Association (ADA). 2009. Registration Code of Ethics for the Profession of Dietetics and Process for Consideration of Ethics Issues.(Online), (http://www.bu.edu/sargent/files/2009/09/ADA-Code-of-Ethics-8-13.pdf), diakses 1 Mei 2015.
Dietitians of Canada. 2009. Code of Ethics For The Dietetic Profession In Canada. (Online), (http://ethics.iit.edu/ecodes/node/4290), diakses 1 Mei 2015.
Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2007. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No 374/Menkes/SK/III/2007 tentang Standar Profesi Gizi. (Online), (http://www.rsuab.com/book/kmk374gizi.pdf), diakses 1 Mei 2015.
