THE PARATAXIS AND HYPOTAXIS CONSTRUCTION IN CLAUSE
COMPLEXES FOUND IN THE BACKGROUND OF SKRIPSI
WRITTEN BY THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
COMPLETED IN 2011
By
ANA RESA
NIM. 2007-32-132
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2012
THE PARATAXIS AND HYPOTAXIS CONSTRUCTION IN CLAUSE
COMPLEXES FOUND IN THE BACKGROUND OF SKRIPSI
WRITTEN BY THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
COMPLETED IN 2011
SKRIPSI
Presented to The University of Muria Kudus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Completing the Sarjana Program In English Education
By ANA RESA NIM. 2007-32-132
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2012
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Sarjana skripsi of Ana Resa (NIM. 2007-32-132) has been approved by the thesis advisors for the further approval by the Examining
Committee.
Kudus, February 2012
Advisor I
Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M. Pd NIS. 0610713020001020
Advisor II
Titis Sulistiyowati, SS, M. Pd NIP. 19810402 200501 2 001
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Sarjana skripsi of Ana Resa (NIM. 2007-32-132) has been approved by the Examining Committee as a requirement of the Sarjana
Degree in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language.
Kudus,
Thesis Examining Committee
Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd , Chairperson
NIS. 0610701000001207
Titis Sulistiyowati, SS, M. Pd , Member
NIP. 19810402 200501 2 001
Drs. Muh. Syafei, M. Pd , Member
NIP. 19620413 198803 1 002
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo , SS, M.Pd , Member
NIS. 0610701000001187
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M. Pd NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Motto:
• If we want to be succesfull in all sides of our life, always remember these
three key words : patient, generous, and honest ! (the writer)
Dedication:
I dedicate my skripsi to:
A
llah SWT the Almighty and my Prophet
Muhammad, peace be upon on him
M
y entire family, for all prayers which have been
said and all spirit given
M
y incredible husband and My little angel Aira
A
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful, in this
occasion, I would like to express my gratitude to the God, Allah S.W.T., who has
given me mercies and blessing so that I can accomplish this skripsi entitle “The
Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in Clause Complexes Found in the
Background of Skripsi Written by the Students of English Education Department
of Muria Kudus University Completed in 2011”.
There are many people who give their own contribution during my
struggle to complete this skripsi. So that in this special occasion, I would also like
to convey my special gratitude to them. They are:
1. Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher
Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University
2. Fitri Budi Suryani, S.S. M.Pd the Head of English
Education Department
3. Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M. Pd., my first advisor who
gives me his best effort I could never imagine before
4. Titis Sulistiyowati, SS, M. Pd as my second advisor
who already gives me wise suggestions in completing this skripsi
5. All of the lecturers who taught me during studying at
the Faculty.
6. My beloved parents, brothers, and the entire families
who give me everything and give endless supports
I hope that it will be useful for those especially who are in the field of
education.
Kudus,
ABSTRACT
Resa, Ana. 2012. The Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in Clause Complexes Found in The Background of Skripsi Written By The Students of English Education Department of Muria Kudus University Completed in 2011. Skripsi. English Education Department. Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Muria Kudus University. Advisor Lecturer: (I) Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd (II) Titis Sulistiyowati, SS, M. Pd
Key Words: Parataxis, Hypotaxis, and Background of Sripsi
Writing final project or also known as “skripsi” in the university especially the University of Muria Kudus is a must for students who major English to get sarjana degree. Such as other writing activities, when students write a skripsi, they have to turn over in mind the sentences that they have produced, since it is kind of written text which extremely needs to be grammatically correct and coherent to others. Skripsi itself contains some chapters and one of them is introduction. Background section of skripsi is a kind of text, in this case, a written text. In the term of text, both spoken and written texts consist of clauses which are connected with conjunctions to form clause complexes. Each clause complex forms and combines into paragraph which tied by cohesion to create good meaning. This research basically comes to the facts mentioned above.
The purpose of this research is to find out which of parataxis or hypotaxis that is dominantly used in constructing clause complexes which are found in the background of skripsi written by the students of English Education Department of Muria Kudus University Completed in 2011 and to find the implications of the use of parataxis and hypotaxis constructed in clause complexes which are found in the background of skripsi written by the students of English Education Department of Muria Kudus University Completed in 2011.
This is a descriptive qualitative research. This research describes parataxis and hypotaxis found in the skripsi background of the students of English Education Department of Muria Kudus University by splitting the clause complexes into clause, identifying its taxis relation whether it is parataxis or hypotaxis, giving formulaic explanation, and stating conclusion for the last step. It means that this research does not have a hypothesis and such that it does not need to perform a hypothesis testing.
The result shows that after analyzing the parataxis and hypotaxis in the four bakgrounds of skripsi, I summarize that the writers use both parataxis and hypotaxis to construct clause complexes. In other words, the writers construct clause complexes paratatically and hypotactically. The occurrence of parataxis and hypotaxis in each bakcground of skripsi is different. The first background
skripsi uses 28 parataxis and 70 hypotaxis. In the second background of skripsi, I count that there are 14 parataxis and 27 hypotaxis. Meanwhile, in the third background of skripsi, there are 24 parataxis and 55 hypotaxis. The last, in the fourth background of skripsi, I retrieve that the writer uses 17 parataxis and 47 hypotaxis. By calculating the taxis, I determined that between parataxis and hypotaxis, the writers have tendency to use hypotaxis. It has some implications i.e they have good English competence since they have no difficulties in realizing ideas into writing and use various style of constructing clause complexes either parataxis or hypotaxis to make themselves as quailified as native speakers of
English, they want to make their writing as the same as what native speakers of English do by hypotatically constructing the text and they want to present their arguments as sub-ordinate to others to emphasize the greater or lower functional importance of the messages they carry on rather than explain the messages in sequence of order.
ABSTRAKSI
Resa, Ana. 2012. Parataxis dan Hypotaxis yang di Konstruksikan pada klausa kompleks yang di temukan di latar belakang skripsi yang di tulis oleh mahasiswa program studi pendidikan bahasa inggris fakultas keguruan dan ilmu pendidikan universitas muria kudus yang di buat pada tahun 2011.Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muria Kudus. Dosen pembimbing: (I) Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd (II) Titis Sulistiyowati, SS, M. Pd
Kata Kunci: Parataxis, Hypotaxis, dan latar belakang skripsi
Menulis tugas akhir atau yang juga dikenal sebagai skripsi di Universitas khususnya di Universitas Muria Kudus adalah sebuah keharusan bagi mahasiswa yang mengambil jurusan bahasa inggris untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana. Seperti halnya aktivitas menulis lainnya, ketika mahasiswa menulis skripsi, mereka harus mempertimbangkan dengan seksama kalimat yang mereka tulis, karena skripsi
adalah teks tertulis yang memang harus benar secara tata bahasa dan koheren satu sama lain. Skripsi itu sendiri terdiri dari beberapa bab dan salah satunya adalah latar belakang. Latar belakang skripsi adalah teks, dalam kasus ini, teks tertulis. Dalam istilah teks, baik teks lisan maupun tertulis terdiri atas beberapa klausa yang dihubungkan dengan konjungsi untuk membentuk klausa kompleks. Setiap klausa kompleks membentuk dan mengkombinasikan menjadi paragraf yang diikat dengan untuk kohesi untuk menbentuk makna yang baik. Penelitian ini pada dasarnya berasal dari fakta yang tersebut diatas.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan yang mana dari
parataxis ataupun hypotaxis yang paling banyak digunakan dalam membangun klausa kompleks yang ditemukan di latar belakang skripsi yang di tulis oleh mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muria Kudus yang di buat tahun 2011 dan menemukan apa implikasi (maksud) dari penggunaan
parataxis dan hypotaxis yang di bangun dalam klausa kompleks yang ditemukan di latar belakang skripsi yang di tulis oleh mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muria Kudus yang di buat tahun 2011.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian diskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini membahas parataxis dan hypotaxis yang ditemukan di latar belakang skripsi yang di tulis oleh mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muria Kudus dengan memisahkan k;ausa kompleks menjadi klausa-klausa, menidetifikasi hubungan taxis-nya apakah parataxis atau hypotaxis, memberikan alas an yang berterima dan menyatkan kesimpulan sebagai langkah terakhir. Hal ini berarti bahwa penelitian ini tidak memiliki hipotesis dan pleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini tidak perlu untuk menyebutkan pengujian hipotesis.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setelah menganalisa
parataxis dan hypotaxis di empat latar belakang skripsi, saya menyimpulkan bahwa penulis menggunakan parataxis maupun hypotaxis untuk membangun klausa kompleks. Dengan kata lain, penulis membangun kluasa kompleks secara
parataxis maupun hypotaxis. Kejadian parataxis dan hypotaxis di setiap latar belkang skripsi tentulah berbeda. Latar belakang pertama menggunakan 28
parataxis dan 70 hypotaxis. Pada latar belakang kedua, saya menemukan ada 14
parataxis dan hypotaxis. Sementara itu, pada latar belakang ketiga, ada 24
parataxis dan 55 hypotaxis. Yang terakhir, pada latar belakang keempat, saya
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 Background of the Research... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems... 6
1.3 Objectives of the Research... 7
1.4 Significance of the Research... 7
1.5 Scope of the Research... 8
1.6 Definition of the Terms... 8
CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Discourse Analysis ... 10
2.3.1 Types of Clause ... 15
2.3.1.1 Independent Clause ... 16
2.3.1.2 Dependent Clause ... 17
2.3.1.3 Embedded Clause ... 18
2.3.2 Types of Relationship between Clauses ... 19
2.3.2.1 Taxis ... 20
2.3.2.1.1 Parataxis ... 20
2.3.2.1.2 Hypotaxis ... 21
2.4 Background of Skripsi ... 22
2.5 Review of Previous Study ... 23
2.6 Theoretical Framework ... 24
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Design of the Research ... 26
3.2 Data and Data Source ... 27
3.3 Data Collection ... 27
3.4 Data Analysis ... 28
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEACH 4. 1 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in Clause Complexes Found In The Background of Skripsi Written the Students of English Education Department of Muria Kudus University Completed in 2011 ... 32
4.1.1 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the First Background of Skripsi ...Entitle “The Process Types Found in Barack Obama’s Speech At Cairo University” by Nafik ... 33
4.1.2 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the second Background of Skripsi Entitle “The Reading Comprehension of the Eleventh Year Students of SMA N 1 Bae Kudus in the Academic Year 2010/2011Taught by Using Reciprocal Teaching” by Valentina... 36
4.1.3 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the Third Background
of Skripsi Entitle “Teaching Speaking to the Fourth Semester Students of English Education Department of Teacher Training
4.1.4 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the Fourth Background
of Skripsi Entitle “Teaching Listening Comprehension
by Using Dictogloss to the Tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Bae
Kudus in the Academic Year 2011/2012” by Endhartiningtias... 40
4. 2 The Implication of the Using of Parataxis and Hypotaxis
in Clause Complexes Found in the Background of Skripsi
Written by the Students of English Education Department
of Muria Kudus University Completed in 2011 ... 42
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in Clause Complexes
Found In The Background of Skripsi Written the Students of English Education Department of Muria Kudus University
Completed in 2011 ... 45
5.1.1 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the First
Background of Skripsi ... 47 5.1.2 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the second
Background of Skripsi ... 50 5.1.3 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the Third
Background of Skripsi ... 52 5.1.4 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the Fourth
Background of Skripsi ... 55 5.2 The Implication of the Using of Parataxis and Hypotaxis
in Clause Complexes Found in the Background of Skripsi
Written by the Students of English Education Department
of Muria Kudus University Completed in 2011 ... 57
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion ... 61
6.2 Suggestion ... 62
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 64
APPENDICES ... 66
STATEMENT ... 135
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
4.1 The Amount of Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction
in the First Background of Skripsi ... 35 4.2 The Amount of Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction
in the Second Background of Skripsi ... 37 4.3 The Amount of Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction
in the Third Background of Skripsi ... 39 4.4 The Amount of Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction
in the Fourth Background of Skripsi ... 41 4.5 The Calculation of the Labeled Data ... 43
4.6 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the the First Background
of Skripsi entitle “The Process Types . Found in Barack Obama’s Speech at Cairo University”... 73
4.7 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the Second Background
of Skripsi . . .entitle “The Reading Comprehension of the Eleventh Year Students of SMA N 1 Bae Kudus in the Academic Year
2010/2011 Taught by Using Reciprocal Teaching”... 95
4.8 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the Third Background
of Skripsi Entitle “Teaching Speaking to the Fourth Semester Students . .of English Education Department of Teacher Training
and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University in Academic
Year 2010-2011 by Using Effortless At English System”... 107
4.9 Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the Fourth Background
of Skripsi Entitle “Teaching Listening. Comprehension by Using Dictogloss to the Tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Bae Kudus
in the Academic Year 2011/2012”... 124
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
1. The First Background of Skripsi entitle “The Process Types
Found in Barack Obama’s Speech at Cairo University”... 66
2. Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the the First Background
of Skripsi entitle “The Process Types . Found in Barack Obama’s Speech at Cairo University”... 73
3. The Second Background of Skripsi entitle “The Reading Comprehension of the Eleventh Year Students of
SMA N 1 Bae Kudus in the Academic Year2010/2011
2011Taught by Using Reciprocal Teaching”... 91
4. Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the Second Background
of Skripsi . . .entitle “The Reading Comprehension of the Eleventh Year Students of SMA N 1 Bae Kudus in the Academic Year
2010/2011 Taught by Using Reciprocal Teaching”... 95
5. The Third Background of Skripsi Entitle “Teaching Speaking to the Fourth Semester Students of English Education
Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Muria Kudus University in Academic Year 2010-2011
by Using Effortless At English System”... 102
6. Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the Third Background
of Skripsi Entitle “Teaching Speaking to the Fourth Semester Students . .of English Education Department of Teacher Training
and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University in Academic
Year 2010-2011 by Using Effortless At English System”... 107
7. The Fourth Background of Skripsi Entitle “Teaching Listening Comprehension by Using Dictogloss to the Tenth Grade
8. Parataxis and Hypotaxis Construction in the Fourth Background
of Skripsi Entitle “Teaching Listening. Comprehension by Using Dictogloss to the Tenth Grade Students of SMA 1 Bae Kudus
in the Academic Year 2011/2012”... 124
