THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTS’ EDUCATION LEVEL BACKGROUND TO THE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
(A Study at 7th Grade of Junior High School 1 Limpung Batang In the Academic Year of 2010/2011)
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Gaining The Degree of Bachelor in English Language Education
By
SOKHIFATUN
Student’s Number: 073411045
EDUCATION FACULTY
ii
THESIS PROJECT STATEMENT
I am, the student with the following identity:
Name : Sokhifatun
Student Number : 073411045
Department : English Language Education
Certify that the thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely responsible for
the content of this thesis. Other writer’s opinions or findings included in the thesis are quoted or cited in accordance with ethical standards.
Semarang, October 11th 2011
Sokhifatun
iii
ADVISOR NOTE Semarang, October 11th 2011
To
The Dean of Education Faculty
Walisongo State Institute for Islamic Studies
Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb.
I inform that I have given guidance, briefing and correction to whatever extent
necessary of the following thesis identification:
Title : The Influence of Parent’s Education Level Background
To The Student’s English Learning Achievement Nama of Student : Sokhifatun
Student Number : 073411045 Department : Tadris
Filed of Study : English Language Education
I state that the thesis is ready to be submitted to Education Faculty Walisongo State Institute for Islamic Studies to be examined at Munaqosah session.
Wassalamu’alaikum wr. wb.
Advisor I
iv
ADVISOR NOTE Semarang, October 11th 2011
To
The Dean of Education Faculty
Walisongo State Institute for Islamic Studies
Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb.
I inform that I have given guidance, briefing and correction to whatever extent
necessary of the following thesis identification:
Title : The Influence of Parent’s Education Level Background To The Student’s English Learning Achievement
Nama of Student : Sokhifatun
Student Number : 073411045 Department : Tadris
Filed of Study : English Language Education
I state that the thesis is ready to be submitted to Education Faculty Walisongo State Institute for Islamic Studies to be examined at Munaqosah session.
Wassalamu’alaikum wr. wb.
Advisor II
v
KEMENTERIAN AGAMA R.I.
INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI WALISONGO FAKULTAS TARBIYAH
Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka (Kampus II) Ngaliyan Semarang Telp. 024-7601295 Fax 7615387
RATIFICATION Thesis with the following identification:
Title : The Effectiveness of Making a Simple Television
Advertisement to Improve Students’ Motivation in
Teaching Speaking Procedure Text. Name of Student : Umiyatun
Student Number : 073411042 Department : Tadris
Field of Study : English Language Education
Had been ratified by the board of examiners of Education Faculty of Walisongo State Institute for Islamic Studies and can be received as one of any requirement for gaining the Bachelor Degree in English Language Education.
Semarang, December 13th, 2011
THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS Chair Person,
Dr. Hj. Nur Uhbiyati, M.Pd. NIP: 19520208 197612 2 001
Secretary,
Muhammad Nafi’ Annury, M.Pd.
NIP: 1969107 199603 1 001
Examiner I,
Dr. Musthofa, M.Ag. NIP: 19710403 199603 1 002
Examiner II,
Siti Tarwiyah, M.Hum. NIP: 19721108 199903 2 001
Advisor I,
Muhammad Nafi’ Annury, M.Pd.
NIP: 1969107 199603 1 001
Advisor II,
vi ABSTRACT
Title : The Influence of Parent’s Education Level Background to The Student’s English Learning Achievement A Study at The Seventh Grade Students of SMP 1 Limpung Batang
Writer : Sokhifatun
Student Number : 073411045
The thesis discussed the influence of parents’ education level background to the students’ English learning achievement. The background of the study was the distinction of parents’ education level background (high level education and low level education) which will influence the students’ English learning achievement. Parents with high education level background usually will have strong believe in their abilities to help their children learn. Therefore, it will
influence students’ learning achievement in school. The study was aimed at responding the following question: (1) how is the parents’ education level background at 7th grade of student of SMP 1 Limpung Batang in the academic year 2010/2011?, (2) how is the students’ English learning achievement at 7th grade of students of SMP 1 Limpung Batang in the academic year 2010/2011?, (3) Is there significant influence of parents’ education level background to the students’ English learning achievement at 7th grade of students of SMP 1 Limpung Batang in the academic year 2010/2011? The study was conducted at seventh grade of SMP 1 Limpung Batang in the academic year of 2010/2011. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the writer conducted the research through quantitative approach. The data were calculated statistically by one predictor analysis. The data were collected through documentation and questionnaire.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ميحرلا نمحرلا للها مسب
(In the name of God, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful)
I do thank Allah who has given me insight and strength to finish this research completely. Shalawat and Salam for the Prophet Muhammad who brings us from the darkness to the brightness.
The writer realized that the are many people who are already helped
her in arranging and writing this thesis directly or indirectly. In this chance, the writer would like to express my gratitude for all them.
1. Dr. Suja’i, M.Ag. as the dean of Tarbiyah Faculty.
2. Dra. Siti Mariam, M.Pd. and Drs. Mahfud Junaidi, M.Ag. as the advisor for
their patience in giving great motivation, helpful corrections and suggestion to improve this thesis during the consultation.
3. Siti Tarwiyah, M.Hum. As the head of English Department.
4. All lectures in Tarbiyah Faculty who has given the knowledge patiently. 5. Hj. Ummi Aufa Abdullah Umar, AH as a mother and teacher in Tahaffudzul
Qur’an boarding school (PPTQ) who have given advices, prays, and patient
when I was studied in Semarang. There is no word that I can say except
“thank you very much ummi”.
6. My beloved father and mother. You are the best in my life.
7. My brothers and my sisters who always support and motivated me.
8. Purwadi as the principle of SMP N 1 Limpung who had allowed the writer to carry out the research in his school.
9. My beloved friend Nilil, Khoir, Izza M, Reni, Zahro and all of my friend in
PP Tahaffudzul Qur’an ( PPTQ) Semarang, thanks a lot for assistance and
cooperation.
10.All of my friend in TBI 07, especially TBI 07 B (mb Ainu, Atik, Devi, Zazak,
viii
11.Team KKN Posko 80 Pageruyung and Team PPL at MA SUNAN KATONG Kaliwungu
12.Last but no least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one, who have supported the writer to finish this thesis.
Finally, the writer realized that this thesis is far from being perfect; therefore, the writer will happily accept constructive criticism in order to make it better. The writer hopes that this thesis would be beneficial to everyone. Amin…..
Semarang, October 11th 2011
Writer,
Sokhifatun
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Title ... i
Thesis Statement ... ii
Advisor Note ... iii
Advisor Note ... iv
Ratification ... v
Abstract ... vi
Acknowledgment ... vii
Table of Content ... ix
Chapter I : Introduction A. Background of The Research ... 1
B. Reason for Choosing Topic ... 4
C. Question of The Research ... 4
D. Objective of The Research ... 4
E. Significant of the Research ... 5
Chapter II : Review of Related Literature Parents’ Education Level Background and Students’ English Learning Achievement A. Previous Research ... 6
B. Theoretical Framework ... 7
1. Parents Education Level Background ... 7
a. Definition of Parents ... 7
b. Definition of Education ... 8
c. Education Aim ... 10
d. Education Level ... 11
e. The Role of Parents in Students’ Education ... 12
2. Students’ English Learning Achievement ... 15
a. English Language Learning ... 15
x
c. Definition of Learning Achievement ... 18
d. Factors Affecting Learning Achievement ... 18
e. Measurement of Learning Achievement ... 21
C. The Influence of Parents’ Education Level to The Student’s Education ... 22
D. Hypothesis ... 25
Chapter III : Research Method A. Research Approach ... 26
B. Research Setting ... 26
C. Population and sample ... 27
D. Variable and Indicator ... 27
E. Data Collection Technique ... 28
F. Data Analysis Technique... 29
Chapter IV : Research Finding and Discussion A. Research Finding ... 34
1. Introduction Analysis ... 34
2. Hypothesis Analysis ... 42
3. Final Analysis ... 49
B. Discussion... 49
Chapter V : Conclusion and Suggestion A. Conclusion ... 52
B. Suggestion ... 52
Reference List of Table Appendices
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Research
Studying is obligation for every human. So that, every human has to study through formal, informal or non formal education, because study is a key to get knowledge. Without studying there is no acquired knowledge.
Because of human’s need of knowledge, by the time it’s developed quickly. Today, the development of technology and knowledge become higher and thriving. The progression of a nation is measured from the progression level of knowledge and technology. If the knowledge and technology of a nation are more progressive, so the standard of living and the prosperity of society are also more progressive.
Indonesia is one of the nations in the world that wants to make progression in the knowledge and technology. It has applied knowledge and technology of development in education sector that focused on the mastery of knowledge and technology. One of the aims of education in Indonesia is to develop the intellectual life of Indonesia nation. It covers many sectors, such as politic, economic, security, health, etc. To reach the intellectual life of Indonesia nation, every society should have enough knowledge and technology. Those can be get by
study through formal, informal or non formal education.1
One of indicator that used to measure the success of an education institution on produces good quality of graduation is reflected from the learning achievement that is got by students in every lesson including English lesson.
English is foreign language in Indonesia is considered to be important to learn, because it is an international language that is used to develop relationship with the countries in the world wide. Recently, English is taught at Elementary
1
2 School (SD), Junior High School (SMP), Senior High School (SMA) and higher
education. It becomes one of success key to face the future.
The students of SMP and SMA are hoped to have enough competence in English because it becomes subject tested in National Final Examination. The result of National Final Examination has been satisfactory. This is supported by the fact that English National Final Examination score of SMP and SMA are successful. According to Marsinah, average score of English National Final Examination in SMP is 7, 33. It is higher than standard which is 5, 5.2It means that the score is satisfactory, but the improvement is still needed to achieve the best result.
In order to reach the goal above, many experts of education try to reveal the problems of English learning. To overcome the problems, they try to carry out different attempts to improve English learning process. The curriculum, approach, method of English teaching are always revised and improved in order to meet the goal of teaching learning process.
Teaching learning process is influenced by many factors. First is Internal factor (from student) Includes physiology aspects such as; student’s health, part of
body, internal organ and speech organ. Psychology aspects such as; student’s intelligence, attitude, aptitude, interest and motivation. Second is External factor (beyond the student) includes social factor such as; teacher, parent, classmate, school staff, etc and non social factors such as; school building, class facility, etc. Third is approach to learning. It is the methods that are used by the teacher in
teaching learning process.3
Based on these factors, the writer is interested in knowing what factors those actually influence in learning English. This time, the focus of the study is on student’s parents. However, Student’s achievement is not only from teaching learning process in the school but also it is determined by the role and the
2
http://www.sahabatsejati.com/berita/pengumuman-kelulusan-un-sltp-2010.html on Agustus 20,2010
3
3 influence of parents in giving motivation and guidance to their children. In this
case, every parent can give good model for their children. Good model is a basic way in the effort to bring the children in a right way or good attitude. Educate their children is responsibility for every parent as stated in hadits as follows:
A story was told by Hajib bin Walid from Muhammad bin Harb from Zubaidi from Zuhdi from Said bin Musayyad from Abu Hurairah that prophet Muhammad SAW said: “There was no child was born except with positive heredity. On the condition that his parents (environment) which made him to be Jewish, Christian and Zoroastrian religion.4
Parents are main educator in family environment. This environment is the
first and main place for children where they begin to interact with surrounding and establish the experiences that help them to interact with physic and social environment. Therefore, parents have to give enough experience and knowledge to their children as a foothold in life.5
Allah SWT said in holy Qur’an verse 6 of surah At Tahrim.6
“O ye who believe! Save yourselves and your families from a fire whose fuel is men and stone, over which are (appointed) angels stern (and) severe, who flinch not (from executing) the commands .They receive from God, but do (precisely) what They are commanded.
4 From the surah above, it is seen that parents have big responsibility toward
their children seen from Islamic perspective. The role of parent as an educator in family is a basic to keep the safety of family. Parents oblige to educate their children in order to save them from hell’s fire. Moreover, Allah also said in Holy Qur’an surah An-Nahl verse 125:
Invite (all) to the way of thy Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching; and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious….7
From the surah above, it can be known that every parent have to educate their children with good education. Therefore, they must have enough knowledge.
It can be concluded that parents have big influence in their children’s education. Parents’ education is a basic to give guidance or education for their children because parents will give guidance based on the result of their education and their experience. Parents with higher education level are also more likely to
believe strongly in their abilities to help their children learn. So, it will influence to the children’s learning achievement in school.
From the description above, the researcher assumes that parents’ education background determines the student’s learning achievement in school especially English learning achievement. So, the researcher initiates to do the research under
the title THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTS’ EDUCATION LEVEL
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH LEARNING
ACHIEVEMENT.
B. Reason for Choosing Topic
The writer chooses the topic because the following reasons:
1. Foreign language is similar to the first language acquisition. It is one of difficult learning for Indonesian students.
2. Parents have important role in their children education and it will influence to their children achievement.
7
5 3. The result of the study can be used to know how important the
involvement of parents in their children’s education.
4. The result of the study can support the students and teachers in teaching learning process.
C. Question of The Research
1. How is the category of parents’ education level background at 7th grade of student of SMP 1 Limpung Batang in the academic year 2010/2011? 2. How is the students’ English learning achievement at 7th grade of students
of SMP 1 Limpung Batang in the academic year 2010/2011?
3. Is there significant influence of parents’ education level background to the students’ English learning achievement at 7th grade of students of SMP 1 Limpung Batang in the academic year 2010/2011?
D. Objective of The Research
1. To describe the category of parents’ education level background of student’s at 7th
grade of students of SMP 1 Limpung Batang in the
academic year 2010/2011.
2. To describe the students’ English learning achievement at 7th grade of students of SMP 1 Limpung Batang in the academic year 2010/2011. 3. To find out whether there is positive and significant influence of parents’
education level background to the students’ English learning achievement
at 7th grade of students of SMP 1 Limpung Batang in the academic year 2010/2011.
E. Significance of The Research
The result of the study is hoped to give benefits to all who be a part of education institution.
1. For parents
6 2. For school
It is information about the important of involved parents in increasing student’s achievement in school.
3. For readers
7 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREARE
PARENTS’ EDUCATION LEVEL BACKGROUND AND STUDENTS’ ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
A. Previous Research
The writer has some relevant researches that support her research. They are: 1. Student‟s Creativity and Its Relation to English Learning Achievement. A
Case Study of the Tenth Grade Student‟s of SMA 1 Brebes in the Academic Year of 2006/2007 by Sutrisno (2201403045) English Department Faculty of Languages and Arts, Semarang State University.1
This study is aimed at describing the student‟s creativity in English learning achievement. This is quantitative case study. Questionnaire and achievement test were used to collect the data. The result of the study shows that there is significant correlation between student‟s creativity and student‟s English learning achievement.
2. Pengaruh Kasih Sayang Orang Tua Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas
VIII MTS Sunan Muria Gunungwungkal Pati Tahun Pelajaran 2008/2009 by Ani Rifatiningsih (073111379) Tarbiyah Faculty, Walisongo State Institute for Islamic Studies.2
This research is aimed to know the influence of parent‟s affection to the student‟s achievement. This research is quantitative research that uses observation, documentation and interview as the method of collecting data. The result of the study shows that parent‟s affection influence to the student‟s achievement.
Because of those success researches, the writer tries to do another
1 Sutrisno, Student‟s Creativity and Its Relation to E
nglish Learning Achievement. A Case Study of the Tenth Grade Student‟s of SMA 1 Brebes in the Academic Year of 2006/2007, (Semarang: Semarang State University, 2007)
2
8 research related to this. The writer will conduct research with the 7th grade of
students at SMP 1 Limpung in the academic year 2010/2011. Therefore the differences between those researches and my research were in setting, participant, and method of analyzing data. In those two studies, my research was different with those two studies in order to know the influence of variable X and variable Y.
B. Theoretical Framework
This theoretical framework presents the three topics. The first topic discussed the parents‟ education level background comprising the definition of parents, the definition of education, education aim, level of education, the role of parent in children education. The second topic is considered about student‟s English learning achievement including English language learning, the definition of learning, learning achievement, factor affecting learning achievement and measurement of learning achievement. The third topic is the influence of parents‟level of education to the children‟s education.
1. Parents‟ Education Level Background
a. Definition of Parents
According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, parent is father or mother.3 In the process of education, before children know society and get the guidance from school, firstly, they get caring and guidance from their parents. From their parents, especially from their mother, and for the
first time the influence from something which is done by their mother, in directly will form their children character. Because mother is as a school, if mother prepares her children, it means she also prepares the strong generation. Thorefore, education in family is also called the first and prior education.4According to Ngalim Purwanto, the roles of mother are:
3
A.S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary,(New York: Oxford University Press,2004)p. 15
4
9 1) The source and the giver of love and affection
2) Caretaker
3) Controller in family
4) Counselor of personal relationship 5) Emotional educator5
Beside mother, father also has important role in forming children characteristic. The activity which is done by father in his daily work will give influence to their children. According to Ngalim Purwanto, the roles of father are:
1) Source of authority in family
2) Intern connecting between family and society 3) Protector from outer threat
4) The giver of safe fell for all of the member of family 5) Rasional educator6
b. Definition of Education
According to McDonald, education is a process or an activity which is directed at producing desirable changes in the behavior of human being.7
Uyoh divides the definition of education into two meaning: 1) Education in specific meaning
The word education is related to the word educere, the meant is “taking out an ability” (e = take out, ducere = lead), so education means guiding to take out children‟s ability.
The definition of education can be seen in specific meaning and wide meaning. In specific meaning, Langeveld states that education is guidance which is given by mature person to the immature person to reach the maturation. According to Hoogeveld, educate is helping children so that they be able to finish their duty of life by themselves.
5
Uyoh Sadullah, Pedagogik, (Bandung: Alfabeta,2010), p.194 6
Uyoh Sadullah, Pedagogik, p. 195 7
10 Thus, education in specific meaning is an effort of adult person in
guiding their children to reach the maturation. Education in specific meaning describes the education that focused in family environment.8 2) Education in wide meaning
Education in wide meaning is an effort of human to increase the prosperity as long as their life. Henderson states that education is as a process of growth and development and taking place as the result of the interaction of an individual with his environment, both physical and social beginning at birth and lasting as long as life itself. It is also a process in which the social heritage as a part of social environment becomes a tool to be used toward the development of the best and most intelligent person.
In UU No. 20 2003 about National Education System, said that: “Education is an effort to create the situation and process of learning in order to make the students actively develop their potential so that they have spiritual power in religious, self control, personality, intelligence, good attitude and also skill which are needed by themselves, society and nation.9
From the definition of the education above (in wide meaning), there
are some basic principles in education: a) Life long education
b) For humans, education is the necessity because with education they will have an ability to develop.
c) Education is responsibility for all humans (parents, society and
government).10
It is important to distinguish between education and learning. All education surely involves learning, but not all learning involves education. In the concept of education, there is an element of design of human contrivance that is not integral to the meaning of learning. This element of design is clear in the definition of education offered earlier: the deliberate, systematic and
8
Uyoh Sadullah, Pedagogik, , p.3 9
Depdiknas RI, Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2003, (Jakarta: Depdiknas, 2009) p.45 10
11 sustained effort to transmit, evoke or acquire knowledge, attitudes, value or
skill. Education in this view, is purposeful (deliberate), organized (systematic) and consequential duration (sustained). On the other hand, learning can be non deliberate or incidental, unorganized and very short duration.11
c. Education Aim
Education aim is a fundamental thing because it will determine the
goal of the student. There are some values which have to be considered in determine the education aim, as stated by Hummel:
1) Autonomy: Give individuals and groups maximum awareness, knowledge and ability, so that they can manage their personal and collective life to the greatest possible extend.
2) Equity: Enable all citizens to participate in cultural and economic life by offering them a basic education
3) Survival: Permit every nation to transmit and enrich its culture heritage over generation, but also guide education toward mutual understanding and toward what has been become a worldwide realization of common destiny.
Based on the three values above, the function of education is to produce better generation and to establish culture of the society or human to get better personality. It can be concluded that the education in this context is to create a better life.12
11
Gordon G. Darkenwald and Sharan B. Mariam, Adult Education: Foundation of Practie,(New York: Harper and Row Publisher,1982),p.6
12
12 d. Education Level
Education Level in Indonesia is as follow: 1) Primary Education
Primary Education is education that gives the knowledge and skill, it grows basic attitude that is needed in society and also prepares the students to follow middle education.13In Indonesia, this Education has two parts: a) Elementary School
Children ages 6–11 attend Sekolah Dasar (SD) (literally Elementary School). This level of education is compulsory for all Indonesian citizens, based on the national constitution. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) is the Islamic alternative to SD, following a curriculum with more focus on Arabic and Islam.
b) Junior High School
Junior High school, generally known by the abbreviation "SMP" (Sekolah Menengah Pertama) is part of primary education in Indonesia. After graduating from elementary school, students attend Middle School for three years from the age of 12-14. Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) is the Islamic equivalent of SMP.14
2) Middle Education
Middle Education is education that prepares the students to be the member of society who have ability to interact with social culture environment and surrounding environment and also they are able to
develop their ability in higher education and work place.15
In Indonesia, there are two types of senior high school. First is generally known as by the abbreviation "SMA" (Sekolah Menengah Atas) and second is SMK (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan). SMA differs than SMK in their studies. The students at SMA are prepared to continue their study to university while students of SMK are prepared to be ready
13
Fuad Ihsan, Dasar-Dasar Kependidikan,(Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 1997), p: 129 14
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education in Indonesia on February 2011 15
13 to work after finishing their school without going to university/college.
SMA is simply the university-preparatory school while SMK is the vocational school. Madrasah Aliyah (MA) is the Islamic equivalent of SMA, and Madrasah Aliyah Kejuruan (MAK) the Islamic equivalent of SMK.16
3) Higher Education
Higher Education is education that prepares the students to be the member of society that have high level academic ability so that they can apply, develop and create the knowledge, technology and art in order to improve the prosperity of society.17
After graduation from High school, students may attend a university (higher education). The higher education institution is categorized in two types: public and private which supervised by Ministry of National Education. There are four types of higher education institution: Universities, Institutes, Academies, and Polytechnics. There are different degrees in higher education, namely Diploma 3 (D3), Strata 1 (S1), Strata 2 (S2) and Strata 3 (S3).18
e. The Role of Parents in Student‟s Education
Family is the first environment of child where the responsibility is on parents. The relationship between parents and child possess certain characteristic that explain tremendous and permanent impact of one upon
the other. The intimacy and intensity of contact and everyday interaction and interchange exist in an emotionally charged atmosphere. A child serves as a mirror to the parent who sees reflected there his own childhood, his own unresolved and frequently long-term conflicts, and his own need and aspiration.19
16
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education in Indonesia on February 2011 17
Fuad Ihsan, Dasar-Dasar Kependidikan, p.129 18
Fuad Ihsan, Dasar-Dasar Kependidikan, p.129 19
14 In children‟s education, parents have to create education‟s situation that is understood by them so it will invite them to the action which is aimed to the education aim. In this case, parents must give good model and also give good facilities for children. Family is the first environment for children to receive education. Directly, parents play the role as a protector, caretaker, guiding, teacher and leader. It can be concluded that parents place basic personality which will be useful to the next children‟s experience.20
Parents want their children get success in school, but a parent‟s role in that success must not be underestimated. In school as in life, consistent support from parent is crucial to sustaining a student‟s confidence and sense of achievement. Parents play four distinct roles in their child‟s education: 1) Be a cheerleader
Children thrive on encouragement. It‟s just as important to support a child who doesn‟t perform well as it is to congratulate them for success. Real learning is not based on reward, but on the value the child places on the process itself. It‟s important to make something positive out of failure and to teach young learners this vital skill. Ask the child what they do when they fail at something they‟re good at. This will help them to see how important it is to keep trying and it will teach them to access the skills they already have when faced with new or less interesting challenges.
2) Be a friend
Learning about lesson isn‟t the only struggle the child faces in school. Maybe they‟re having problems with a teacher, a group of friend or a bully on the playground. Sometimes they really need someone who is willing to hear what they are thinking. Without someone to confide in, the child will have extra stress in their life, which can decrease self esteem and motivation. Parents have to listen respectfully. The child's concerns can be a major confidence booster all by itself. If parents take the child seriously he is more likely to do the same for their education.
20
15 3) Be a teacher
Parents can't just leave their child all up to the teacher. Sure, it's their job, but even the best and brightest can be hard pressed to address the individual needs of every child, especially in a crowded classroom. Children still need personal attention, so it's the role of the parent to make sure they get it.21
Stay in touch with the child's assignments, tests and on going projects. Set aside time each day to offer help. Be available and enthusiastic; the child needs to feel like parents want to be there and that helping them isn't a chore. Connect with their teachers regularly to keep up with how things are going in the classroom. If the parents find the child needs extra help, be active in getting it, or better yet, work with them yourself. Tutoring the children can be rewarding for both of you. 4) Be the enforcer
Enforce in advance by helping the child set and keep schedules, reach goals and complete assignments on time. Be respectful. Don't expect the child to know how to use an assignment pad, or understand a
class schedule. They won't get it right the first time. Be patient but unwavering with the basics and the student will catch on. Sometimes parents will have to be strict, but a little firmness each day will teach the child vital time management skills. This will give them a sense of control and can help them to prevent a homework or term paper crisis. Be
willing to be the bad guy, but don't make school or homework seem like a punishment. Parents must think themselves as the leader of an expedition, not a jailor. When things get difficult, they'll respect parent‟s authority and see parents as a resource for the help they need.22
From the description above, it can be concluded that parents and family involvement is key to improve student‟s performance and overall
21
http//math-and reading help-for-kids-org/articles/a-oarent%27s-role-In-Education-html/ Retrieved on December 7,2010
22
16 school quality. Parents have a role and enormous responsibility to make sure
their children are ready to learn and be successful in school.
2. Students‟ English Learning Achievement a. English Language Learning
English is considered as the first foreign language in Indonesia. It becomes one of the subjects that students must learn both at junior and senior high school. Since English is compulsory subject and a part of the school curriculum, students have to study it.
Although English is taught at both junior and senior high school, the result of the teaching program in our country has not been satisfactory. Students are learning English because English is compulsory subject they have to study it. So, they only learn English, but not acquire it. Furthermore, they do not have any aims about their English learning.
Krashen draws a distinction between learning and acquiring a language. Acquisition is defined as a subconscious process that is identical to the process used in the first language acquisition in all important ways, while
learning is defined as conscious knowing about a target language. While acquisition is taking place, language learner is not always aware of the result; they are not very concerned with grammatical rules and error correction. They are gaining a target language by living in society where the language is used in their daily lives. When language learners talk about the rules of a
target language, they correct errors, and people in the society do not speak the target language, they are learning the target language.23
In this case, learning is always affected through a „monitor‟, or an effort on the part of learner to control his language output and to self-correct it whenever necessary. The monitor can become effective in a communication situation only if (a) there is enough time to operate, (b) the speaker is concerned with the correctness of his speech production, and (c)
23
17 the speaker knows the correct rule.24
Furthermore, what makes learning possible is the information received in parallel to the linguistic input in the narrower sense: the learner must know who is speaking to whom, when and where, he must be able to watch the accompanying „body language‟ (gesture, facial expression, etc.), and he must note the reactions of listener. Eventually he should be able to establish a relationship between identifiable segments of the sound stream and particular pieces of the parallel information.25
b. Definition of Learning
The meaning of learning can be found in any dictionary. For instance,
the Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary:
To learn (verb): (1) to gain knowledge or understanding of or skill in by study, instruction, or experience (2) memorize (the lines of a play), to come to be able (~ to dance), to come realize (3) to come to know to acquire knowledge or skill or a behavioral tendency.26
Learning is acquiring knowledge; it‟s an enduring change in living being not dictated by genetic predication; it also a relative yet permanent change in behavior resulting from practice. For the most part, learning is change in behavior and capacity acquired through experience.27
According to Chris, learning involves the acquisition of particular skill which is useful in here and now, or knowledge which is relevant for the
moment but may not have broader educational value.28 Furthermore, there hadits which said that:
24
Wolfgang Klein, Second Language Acquisition, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 28
25
Klein Wolfgang, Second Language Acquisition, p. 44 26
Meriam and Webster, Meriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, (USA: Meriam-Wester‟s inc,2004)p.10
27
Tan Oon Seng ,et.al, Educational Psychology, (Singapore: Thomson Learning,2003), p.198
28
18 Learning begins at birth and end at death.29
It is one of the most pervasive phenomena to be observed on earth. People learn under a wide range of condition and circumstances. We learn
more or less continuously at home, on the street, at the office and factory and in the classroom. This learning often takes place under the most casual and unplanned condition.
More specifically, Brown breaks down the definition of learning into some items. They are:
1) Learning is acquisition and getting
2) Learning is retention of information or skill
3) Retention implies storage system, memory cognitive organization
4) Learning involves active, conscious focus and acting upon events outside or inside the organism.
5) Learning is relatively permanent but subject to forgetting 6) Learning involves some form practice
7) Learning is change in behavior30
Philip mentions the learning product which may result from learning activity. These products are: (1) skill and habit, (2) social competence, (3) abstract and creative thinking.31
Based on the definition above, it can be concluded that learning is the acquisition of information or skill that makes a change behavior that is result of experiences and that cannot be accounted. This definition implies that learning refers to the changing of human being which the result of experience or planning, not result of natural growth.
29
Abu Husein Muslim Al-Hajjaj Al-Qusairi Al – Naisaburi, Shahih Muslim, p. 201
30
H.D. Brown, Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, (New York: Addison Wesley Longman,2000) p. 7
31
19 c. Definition of Learning Achievement
The word „achievement‟ derives from „achieve‟ which means to success in reaching a particular goal, status or standard especially by effort, skill, courage etc.32
Meriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary asserts that there are three definitions about achievement:
a. Achievement is the act of achieving accomplishment 1. Achievement is the result gained by effort
2. Achievement is a great or heroic deed
b. Achievement is the quality and quantity of a student‟s work.33
Learning achievement meant the result achieved by students in learning process. In this study, the learning achievement refers to the student‟s achievement in English subject in the seventh grade of students of SMP 1 Limpung in the academic year of 2009/2010.
d. Factors Affecting Learning Achievement
There are many factors affecting learning achievement. Dalyono states that factors influencing student‟s learning achievement are factors that come from student‟s internal and external sides.
a. Internal factors 1) Health
Physical and spiritual factor health has big influence to the
learning achievement. If the condition of physical and spiritual health is not good, it can disturb or decrease the spirit to study.
2) Intelligent and talent
Students with high intelligent or have high IQ usually will take easy in study and also have good achievement. If the student with high intelligent also have talent in the subject that they are studied, the
32
A.S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary,(New York: Oxford University Press,2004)p. 10
33
20 process of learning will be more successes.
3) Interest and motivation
Big interest to the subject is a big capital to achieve the goal. The big interest in studying will produce high achievement. In other hand, the less interest in studying will produce the less achievement.
Motivation determines the student‟s level of paying attention during class and the assiduity with which he does his homework and revises what he has been taught during the day. It certainly has a deep influence on effectiveness on learning.
4) The way of learning
Learning without considering the technique of learning and physiology and psychology factors will produce the lack result.34
b. External factor 1) Family
Parents have a big influence to the success of their children in learning. Parent‟s education level, income, caring and guidance, relationship between parents and children and the situation in home also influence the children‟s learning achievement.
2) School
The quality of teacher, teaching method, curriculum, facilities, condition of the room and the total of students in every room also influence to the success of student in learning.
3) Society
If the surrounding environment of society consists of learn people, especially the children have high level of education and good morality, it will motivate the children to study hard.35
According to Brown, there are two factors determining the success of second language learner. The first is intrinsic factor: personality factors that contribute in some way to the success of language learning such as
34
M. Dalyono, Psikologi Pendidikan ,(Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2009), p. 55 - 58 35
21 esteem, risk-taking, anxiety, empathy, extroversion, motivation and
attitude.36 1) Self-Esteem
Self-esteem is a personal judgment of worthiness that is expressed in the attitude that individuals hold toward themselves. It could be claimed that no successful cognitive or affective activity can be carry out without some degree of self-esteem.
2) Risk-Taking
Risk-taking is an important characteristic of successful learning of a second language. Learner has to be able to gamble a bit, to be willing to try out hunches about the language and take the risk of being wrong.
3) Anxiety
In second language learning, anxiety was one of keys to success, closely related to competitiveness. Low anxiety among learners where learners do not feel they are in competition. Competitiveness sometimes hindered them progress and at other time it motivated them to study
harder. 4) Motivation
Motivation is probably used in explaining the success or failure of something. It is claimed that in second language learning, learner will be successful with the proper motivation. Learner with high motivation
will make some efforts to achieve his purposes. 5) Attitudes
Attitudes develop early in childhood and are the result of parent‟s and peer‟s attitudes, contact with people who are different in any number of ways, and interacting affective factors in the human experience. In second language learning, positive attitudes toward self, the native language group, and the target language group enhanced proficiency,
36
22 while negative attitudes may lead to decrease motivation because of
decrease input and interaction, to unsuccessful attainment of proficiency.37
The second is extrinsic factor: socio cultural variable that emerge as the second language learner brings not just two languages into contact but two cultures, and in some sense must learn a second culture along with a second language.38
e. Measurement of Learning Achievement
An achievement test related directly to classroom lesson, units, or even a total curriculum. Achievement test are limited to particular material addressed in a curriculum within a particular time frame and are offered after a course has focused on the objectives in question. Achievement test can also serve the diagnostic role of indicating what a student needs to continue to work on in the future.
The specification for an achievement test should be determined by: 1)The objective of the lesson, unit or course being assessed.
2)The relative importance (or weight) assigned to each objective. 3)The tasks employed in classroom lessons during the unit of time. 4)Partially issues, such as the time for the test and turn around time.
5)The extent to which the test structure lend in self to formative wash back.39
There are several reasons why achievement test are made: 1) To measure progress
2) To diagnose difficulties
3) To help match tasks, materials and methods to particular needs 4) To evaluate teaching approaches
37
H.D. Brown, Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, p.145-160 38
H.D. Brown, Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, p.176 39
23 5) To compare students
6) To maintain and improve standards40
There are many techniques that can be used to measure student‟s learning. The techniques are as follows;
1) Choice-Type Question
The typically multiple choice item presents a statement or question followed by several alternative responses or answers.
2) Short answer item
Short answer items typically require a single word, phrase, or numerical answer. It requires students to construct a response rather than simply recognizing a best answer and it reduces or eliminates the possibility of getting the right answer by guessing.
3) Performance assessments
The recent growth in the interest in essay examination is part of longer movement that is calling for construction of performance assessment that mere closely, mirror long-term instructional objectives.41
In Indonesia, the common technique which is usually used is
assignment and test. The form of assignment that the teacher usually gives to the students is doing homework. Meanwhile, in test the students are commonly asked to answer a number of questions.
C. The Influence of Parents’ Education Level Background to The Student’s Education
On giving education or learning, certainly the educator has been mastered the material which will be explained. The higher mastery of the knowledge from educator will influence to the delivery of knowledge to the students.
40
Jade Medwell, et. al., Primary English Teaching Theory and Practice Fourth Edition,( English: Learning Matters Ltd.,2009), p.168
41
24 According to Jan Ligthart, education is based on love and affection
which are from patience and wisdom. Patience is needed to face the child. The meant of wisdom is wider than scientific. The educated person is not always also they have wide view and discourse. Certainly, it will influence the model of leadership in family. Moreover, in the Holy Qur‟an, Allah decree that between “person who know” (educated person and person with high education level) is
different with “person who doesn‟t know” (uneducated person and person with
less knowledge) in their way of think. As stated by Allah SWT in Surah Az –
Say: “Are those equal, those who know and those who do not know? It is those who are endued with understanding that receive admonition.44
From the surah above, it can be understood that the function of parents‟ education level is to make good leadership in family, especially in educating
their children.
Traditionally, family status variables such as parents' level of education have been regarded as predictors of children's academic achievement. Increasingly, rather than having a direct association with children's academic achievement, parents' level of education is part of a larger constellation of psychological and sociological variables influencing children's school outcomes. Attendant on higher levels of education may be access to resources, such as
42
Uyoh Sadullah, Pedagogic, p. 18 43
25 income, time, energy, and community contacts, that allow for greater parental
involvement in a child's education.
Level of education also influences parents' knowledge, beliefs, values, and goals about childrearing, so that a variety of parental behaviors are indirectly related to children's school performance. For example, higher levels of education may enhance parents' facility at becoming involved in their children's education, and also enable parents to acquire and model social skills and problem-solving strategies conducive to children's school success. Thus, students whose parents have higher levels of education may have an enhanced regard for learning, more positive ability beliefs, a stronger work orientation, and they may use more effective learning strategies than children of parents with lower levels of education.45
De Garmo as quoted by Charles describes the model of parental influence the educational achievement as follows:
From the model above, it can be seen that family background or socioeconomic resources including occupation, income and education support
45
http://www.answer.com/topic/parenting-influence-of-parents-level-of education retrieved on December 7, 2010
Socioeconomic Resources: Education, occupation,
income
School Behavior
Educational achievement Parenting:
discipline, problem
solving
Skill activities
26 the parental for cognitive skill building and discipline. Higher quality parenting
was strongly associated with level of education. The impact of parent‟s education was largely worked through the way they provide opportunities for intellectual skill building in the home by the cognitive quality of the parent or child interaction in problem solving. The result suggests that how parent interact with their children is important in predicting child academic outcome.46
From the description above, it can be concluded that parents with higher levels of education are more likely to believe strongly in their abilities to help their children learn. Directly it will influence to the children learning achievement in school or the success of children education.
D. Hypothesis
Based on the statement of the problems above, the hypothesis of this study can be formulated as follow:
There is significant influence of parent‟s education level background to
the student‟s English learning achievement.
27 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Approach
Research methodology plays an important role in the research. It is because to get a good result, research needs an appropriate research method. Research means a systematic process of inquiry consisting of three components: (1) question, (2) data, and (3) analysis and interpretation of data.1This study uses quantitative approach. It is because the analysis of the study stressed on the numerical data that processed with statistically.
This research focus on parents’ education level background and students’ achievement in English learning. The writer uses statistical analysis to calculate the numeral data that are gathered and to analyze them by using regression one predictor analysis. The result of the analysis is then interpreted to find out the influence of parent’s education level background to the student’s English learning achievement.
B. Research Setting
The writer conducted the research at SMP N 1 Limpung. The writer chooses this setting because the geographical location is not far from the writer to reach. SMP N 1 Limpung is located at Jl. Cokronegoro No. 20 Limpung Batang. From the Limpung town square, turn left for about 1 km. The students are come from different region and they also have different intelligent, social background and characteristic.
The program of learning activity is designed based on national curriculum. The researcher had collected the data on March 2011 for a week and needed a week to collect the questionnaires. Thus, the total time that the researcher needs around two weeks.
1
28 C. Population and Sample
1. Population
According to Sugiono, population is generally areas which consists of object/subject which has certain qualify and characteristic which decided by the researcher to study and than collect the summary.2 The population of the study is the students of SMP N 1 Limpung, especially the 7th grade of students in the academic year 0f 2010/2011. There are five classes in this school; each class has at least 40 students.
2. Sample
Arikunto said that sample is representative of population which is observed. It means the subject of population. Sample can be taken between 10%-15%-25% if the number of population is more than 100.3 According to Nunan, sample is taking a part population using certain procedure. So, that can be expected to represent its population. Sample is a part of population to be researched.4 In this research, the writer takes sample from seventh grade of students of SMP 1 Limpung in the academic year of 2010/2011 especially class VE that consists of 40 students.
D. Variable and Indicator
In this research, there are two variables namely independent variable and dependent variable. According to Nunan, independent variable is the variable that the experimenter expects to influence to others.5 The independent variable (X) in this study is parent’s education level background. Then, dependent variable is acting. In this study, student’s English learning achievement will be dependent variable (Y).
2
Sugiono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitative Kualitative dan R & D, (Bandung: Alfa Beta, 2008), p.19
3
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta,2006), p.130
4
David Nunan, Research Method in Language Learning, p. 27 5
29 1. Independent variable in this research is parent’s education background as variable
(X).
The indicators of this variable are: a. Parent’s formal education level b. Parent’s non-formal education
c. Parent’s consciousness toward the important of education
2. Dependent variable is student’s English learning achievement as variable (Y). The indicator is the value of student’s school report card in semester one.
E. Data Collection Technique
This study uses questionnaire and documentation to collect the data. 1. Questionnaire
Arikunto states a questionnaire is a number of written questions which are used to gain information from respondents about the respondents themselves or their knowledge, believe, etc. There are two types of questionnaire:
a. Opened questionnaire: the respondent can answer the questions using their own sentences.
b. Closed questionnaire: the respondent can directly choose the appropriate answer.6
In this research, the writer used the close questionnaire to know the parent’s education level background in SMP N 1 Limpung. The questionnaire itself was actually written in Indonesia. The writer though it would be easier for the
respondents to understand the questions or statements stated in the questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 16 questions. 8 questions are the questions about father’s education background and 8 questions again are about mother’s education background. Both of them are same.
2. Documentation
Documentation method is intended to find data on manuscript, book,
6
30 magazine, newspaper, epigraph and agenda.7In this study, the writer uses school
report card to get the data about student’s English learning achievement.
F. Data Analysis Technique
Sugiono pointed out “Data analysis is the activity that is done after all of the data are collected. The activities in this analysis are: grouping the data based on the variable and respondent, tabulating the data based on the variable, serving the data, doing the calculation of data to answer the research question and testing the hypothesis.8
The analysis steps are as follow: 1. Introduction Analysis
Introduction analysis is used to know the influence of parent’s education level background to the student’s English learning achievement in seventh grade of students of SMP 1 Limpung Batang. The writer gets the data through questionnaire and documentation then analyzes it uses statistic analysis. In this analysis, the writer enters data in distribution table of frequency to make accounting easy in analyzing data.
In measuring the data of questionnaire, the writer makes measuring rod. According to Arikunto, there are some benefits of measuring rod:
1. To compare the measurement for the researcher in order to don’t affected by subjective factor.
2. To keep the stability of data that is collected in different time.
3. To make easy the researcher in processing data.9 The measuring rod of this research is as follow: a. Father’s formal education level
S1/S2 is given value 6 S1 is given value 5
7
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, p.135
8
Sugiono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D,p.147
9
31 Diploma is given value 4
SMA is given value 3 SMP is given value 2 SD is given value 1
Ungraduated of SD is given value 0
b. Time of studying
2 years for S2/S3 is given value 5 4 years for S1 is given value 4
3 or 2 years for Diploma is given value 3 3 years for SMP and SMA is given value 2 6 years for SD is given value 1
Over limited time is given value 0
c. Father’s non-formal education Yes is given value 1
No is given value 0
d. Kind of father’s informal education Madrasah Diniyah is given value 1 Training is given value 2
Course is given value 3 Pesantren is given value 4 All is given value 5
e. Time of studying non-formal education 4 years is given value 5
3 years is given value 4 2 years is given value 3 1 year is given value 2
Less than 1 year is given value 1
f. Father’s motivation
32 Job demand is given value 3
Parent demand is given value 2 Following trend is given value 1
g. The important of education
Very important is given value 4 Important is given value 3 Less important is given value 2 Not important is given value 1
h. The influence of education
Very influence is given value 4 Influence is given value 3 Less influence is given value 2 Not influence is given value 1
The scoring of mother’s education background is same with father’s education background.
2. Hypothesis Analysis
The examination uses regression one predictor analysis, while the steps are as follow:
a. Looking for the correlation between predictor and criterion by using technique of correlation product moment. The formula is as follow:
33
2
2 Y
Y
Y 10
Where
rxy : the coefficient of correlation between parent’s education level background and student’s English learning achievement.
xy : Sum of score X and Y
X : Sum of parent’s education level background
Y : Sum of student’s English learning achievementb. Examining whether there is significant correlation or not by consulting the result of rxy on r table.
0, 90 – 1, 00 means very high correlation
0, 70 – 0, 90 means high correlation
0, 40 – 0, 70 means enough correlation
0, 20 – 0, 40 means low correlation
c. Looking for the regression similarity
Y = aX + K Where
Y = Criterion X = Predictor
a = the numeral of predictor coefficient K = the numeral of constant
To look for the value of a and K, the writer uses deviation score method. The formula is as follows:
y = ax or Y – Y = a (X – Y)11
10
Sutrisno Hadi, Analysis Regresi, (Yogyakarta: Andi Office, 2001), p. 4 11
34
d. Variant analysis of regression line
reg RKreg = mean of regression line quadrate RKres = mean of residu quadrate
dbreg = degree of residue freedom
3. Final Analysis
After getting Freg, the next step is comparing the price of Freg with the F value on table value. The table value is 5%.
a. It is significant if Freg > Ft 5%. There is positive influence of parent’s education level background to the student’s English learning achievement.
b. It is not significant if Freg < Ft 5%. There is no positive influence of parent’s education level background to the student’s English learning achievement.
12
35 CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter of the thesis detailed with preparation of the analysis data collected from the research, the application of the one predictor regression formula, and analyzing the result of the research as well as discussing the data analysis of research finding.
A. Research Finding 1. Introduction Analysis
a. Parents’ Education Level Background
This study tried to describe the characteristic of parents’ education level background. To gather data, the researcher used questionnaire given to the sample of the students in the seventh grade of SMP N 1 Limpung. The score of questionnaire were listed by summing up the scores of student’s answer. To make easy in scoring the questionnaire, the researcher made measuring rod as followed:
b. Father’s formal education level
S1/S2 is given value 6
S1 is given value 5
Diploma is given value 4
SMA is given value 3
SMP is given value 2
SD is given value 1
Ungraduated of SD is given value 0
c. Time of studying
2 years for S2/S3 is given value 5
4 years for S1 is given value 4
3 or 2 years for Diploma is given value 3
3 years for SMP and SMA is given value 2
6 years for SD is given value 1
36 d. Father’s non-formal education
Yes is given value 1
No is given value 0
e. Kind of father’s informal education
Madrasah Diniyah is given value 1
Training is given value 2
Course is given value 3
Pesantren is given value 4
All is given value 5
f. Time of studying non-formal education
4 years is given value 5
3 years is given value 4
2 years is given value 3
1 year is given value 2
Less than 1 year is given value 1
g. Father’s motivation
Looking the knowledge is given value 5
A foothold in life is given value 4
Job demand is given value 3
Parent demand is given value 2
Following trend is given value 1 h. The important of education
Very important is given value 4
Important is given value 3
Less important is given value 2
Not important is given value 1
i. The influence of education
Very influence is given value 4
Influence is given value 3
37
Not influence is given value 1
The scoring of mother’s education background was same with father’s education background.
Table I
38
The Result of Parents’ Education Level Background Questionnaire
39
39 1 1 2 3 0 4 3 5 1 1 0 0 0 4 4 2 44
40 2 2 1 2 3 4 4 4 2 2 1 1 2 5 4 3 60
Based on the table above, the next step was looking for the mean and the quality of parents’ education level background variable (X), there were as followed: a. Find out the SUM of interval
K = 1 + 3, 3 log n = 1 + 3, 3 log 40
= 1 + 3, 3 (1, 602059991) = 1 + 5,286797971 = 6,286797971 = 6
b. Find out the range
R = H – L Where: R = Range
H = Highest value L = Lowest value
From that data, it was known that: H = 84 , L = 43
R = H – L = 84 – 43 = 41
c. Determining class interval
I =
erval sumof
range int
= R/K = 41/6
= 6, 83333333 = 7
