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A merican domestic servants, Mary’s sister, and T homas’s father, brother, and nephew. While residing in Menlo Park, E dison created and worked at his famous ”Invention F actory” , where he created world-changing technologies, such as the photograph, a transmitter for the telephone, the incandescent light, underground electrical wiring, the electric railroad, and a system of electrical generation to power. In 1882, much of the laboratory operation was shut down after new operations were established in N ew Y ork C ity and elsewhere, though E dison did use the home as a summer residence. T here, his wife Mary died in 1884. V arious caretakers also occupied the house to prevent squatting by the area’s homeless community. T he L aPenta family resided as caretakers from 1903 to 1905. By 1903, Charles B. E lliot took over ownership of the property with his wife E va. C harles and his wife took up residence in the home in 1905. Charles E lliot was an inventor and rubber manufacturer, who died in 1915. E va continued to own the residence and leased it as a tenancy. In 1918, the home was leased to the L owman family, who purchased the parcel in 1922 and later sold it in 1924. D uring the L owman occupation, the kitchen wing to the home was destroyed by fire. A fter selling the house to E lectrical T esting L aboratories in 1924, the home was subsequently demolished and the dwelling’s cellar remained exposed until the late 1920s, after which time the top of the foundation walls were dismantled and the cellar was filled with imported soil.

T he archaeological study took place in a study area measuring 100 feet square within the larger, state-owned parcel. In total, 25 shovel test pits (ST Ps) were plotted on a 25-foot interval grid in the study area, each measuring 1.5 feet square. O f these, 19 ST Ps were excavated, yielding 790 artifacts. T he identified site was registered as the T homas A . E dison H ouse Site (28-Mi-272). Shovel test pit excavation revealed the presence of a cellar, much of which appeared to have been filled with re-deposited subsoil gathered from an off-site location. Intact late nineteenth- or early twentieth-century artifact deposits were also identified in the northeastern portion of the site near the kitchen wing. One ST P encountered burnt deposits associated with the home’s kitchen wing.

Continued on page 4 N ewsletter of the

A rchaeological Society

of New J ersey

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Newsletter No. 257 October 2017

I n Search of the Wizard’s H ome: P ublic A rchaeology at the T homas A . E dison Site in M enlo Park, N ew J ersey By Michael J . G all

T he A rchaeological Society of N ew J ersey (A SN J ) recently conducted an archaeological study of a parcel in Menlo Park, E dison T ownship, Middlesex C ounty that previously contained the home of famed inventor and entrepreneur T homas A . E dison. T he study took place on J uly 29-30 and September 23-24, 2017, and was completed as a collaborative effort with the Middlesex C ounty O ffice of C ulture and H eritage (MC O CH ) and the T homas A . E dison Center at Menlo Park (T A E C MP). T he study was made possible through permission granted by the State of N ew J ersey and E dison T ownship, and funding provided by the Middlesex C ounty Board of C hosen F reeholders. T he archaeological study took place as an open house event with tours given to over 700 public visitors (F igure 1). T he study aimed to identify the location of T homas E dison’s home which stood from circa 1868 and 1924, determine if there are intact archaeological deposits present associated with the E dison family from 1876 to 1903 or later occupants, and identify steps to preserve and interpret the site.

T homas E dison resided in his Menlo Park home with his wife Mary, and three children, Marion, T homas J r., and William. T he family was also accompanied by two A frican

F igure 1: A rchaeological excavation and public

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Newsletter No. 257

October 2017

F ellow A SN J members, colleagues, and friends,

T hanks to all of those who volunteered at our archaeological weekend at T homas E dison's house in Menlo Park, E dison, N J on September, 23 and 24, part of our ongoing work with the Middlesex C ounty O ffice of C ulture and H eritage (MC O CH ). T his dig was spearheaded by A SN J T reasurer Michael G all in coordination with the MC O C H and Mark N onestied. With the help of Middlesex C ounty and the nearby E dison Museum, over 700 people toured the dig site over the 2 days. A summing of the dig and its results are on page 1. We may be hosting an artifact washing day in the near future to wash the artifacts from the E dison dig to aid in producing an artifact catalog, interpretations about the dig results and the production of a report written by Michael G all. Information will be posted.

We are exploring dig opportunities for the Spring and Summer weekends. Please let us know if you have any suggestions or thoughts about that. A SN J members can participate in these digs. I want to take the opportunity to thank T ony McN ichol of the Pinelands C ommission for his work in organizing our upcoming joint symposium/ O ctober meeting with the Pinelands C ommission on O ctober 21 (see page7). T he line-up is impressive, breakfast and lunch will be provided free of charge, and we hope you will come to the symposium. Please RSV P if possible.

F or ongoing A SN J news and information, make sure to sign up for our list serve mailing list for notices and information postings between newsletters. T o join the A SN J e-mail list send an email to A SN J -subscribe@ yahoogroups.com or go to http:/ / www.asnj.org/ p/ listserv.html for hot links. We also post news on F acebook, twitter (@ digasnj), and the website (www.asnj.org). F eel free to post and let us know your (archaeology) news and news items as well!

Please note that at our annual meeting on J anuary 20, 2018 at the N ew J ersey State Museum, elections for officers will be held – all officer positions and two member at large positions are up for grabs. Please let me or another board member know if you would like to run. We need your enthusiasm and ideas – most positions are not very time consuming but very necessary! O ur J anuary meeting will also include an award ceremony for A SN J members who have contributed extensively to the A SN J . A ward winners are listed in the bulletin. If you have any nominees for awards please contact me, G reg L attanzi, or R ich V eit.

We are sending out a huge three year (2013-2014-2015) bulletin in the coming months thanks to the heroic efforts of Bulletin E ditor R ich V eit! Please renew so you can be sure to get it and other publications with no interruptions. Please let Membership C hair L auren L embo know about any address changes. T hanks for renewing your membership for 2018! See you soon.

Ilene G rossman-Bailey, President

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Newsletter No. 257

O ctober 2017

A SN J B ulletin U pdate

E dits are in and production is underway on the 2012-2015 (V ols. 68-70) edition of the Bulletin. T his is a special edition, guest edited by R . Michael Stewart and Bryce O bermeyer, that focuses on the archaeology of the A bbott F arm N ational H istoric L andmark. It includes articles by Stewart and O bermeyer, as well as G reg L attanzi, R obert G rumet, and A ndrew Martin. It weighs in at 220 pages and will be the largest Bulletin in recent memory. We hope to have out by the holidays.

T he A bbott F arm volume will be followed by a general issue, also sizeable, with articles on topics ranging from Paleo-Indian projectile points to 17th-century town planning. A uthors include J ack Cresson, D rew Stanzeski, Chris H ummer, Matthew Boulanger, G reg L attanzi, Marshall Becker, and Michael G all. N ext on the docket is a volume focused on the A rchaic triangle points noted by R . Michael Stewart and others. It will be a major contribution. We are also looking at publishing D ick R egensburg’s Savich F arm A nthropology, Monmouth University, West L ong Branch, NJ 07764-1898; Phone: 732-263-5699

A pply for the Sean B ratton M emorial R esearch

F und ( D eadline extended until E nd of

D ecember 2017)

T he Sean Bratton Memorial R esearch F und

celebrates the life and contributions of Sean Bratton,

an outstanding field archaeologist and mentor, who

enjoyed hearing about regional research and applying

insights from new research to his own work. T he

fund will provide up to two (2) yearly research

grants/ scholarships to students or working

professional archaeologists who are conducting

original archaeological research on N ew J ersey

topics. A ssuming sufficient funds are available and if

there are appropriate applications, one grant will be

awarded for research based in prehistoric

archaeology and one grant will be awarded for

research based in historic archaeology. A pplicants

should be A SNJ members in good standing on the

student or individual level. E ach grant will consist of

$400.00 to support original research, publication of

the results of research in the A SN J bulletin,

applications from undergraduate and graduate

students and young professionals employed in the

region. T he application will include a brief cover

letter summarizing the proposed research, a CV , and

at least one letter of recommendation from a

professor, supervisor, or associate. G rant

applications will be due via email to

ilenebailey36@ gmail.com by end of D ecember 2017

and will be awarded by March 2018 to allow the

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Newsletter No. 257 October 2017

Continued from Page 1

O n September 23rd, R obert Wiencek of E PI conducted a ground penetrating radar (G PR) survey of the eastern portion of the site and identified anomalies associated with the footprint of the former home. T he G PR and ST P data was used to guide the placement of one (1) two-foot square ST P and two (2) four-foot square excavation units (E Us), resulting in the identification of the front and side foundation walls to the kitchen wing (F igures 2-3). While all foundation walls associated with the E dison home were not identified, G PR and archaeological data suggest the home measured roughly 32 feet deep by 37 feet long with a northern kitchen wing measuring 16 feet wide by 23 feet long. T he kitchen contained a shallow crawl space extending a maximum of three feet below grade and the main house rested over a cellar that likely extended five feet or more below grade.

F igure 3: T essa G all assisting with unit excavation. Photograph courtesy of Christopher Brown.

artifacts consist of quartz shatter, a jasper flake, and a chert biface that may have functioned as a cutting implement. A rchaeologically recovered artifacts will be washed and analyzed. T he technical report for the archaeological study will be completed by early 2018. A ll recovered artifacts will be transferred to the MC OC H at the completion of the project.

T his archaeological study was made possible through the generous assistance of numerous individuals. Special thanks is given to the Middlesex C ounty Board of C hosen F reeholders Ronald R ios, Charles T omaro, K enneth A rmwood, Charles K enny, L eslie K oppel, Shanti Narra, and Blanquita V alenti; E dison T ownship Mayor T homas L ankey; the State of N ew J ersey; MC O CH H istoric Sites and H istory Services D ivision H ead Mark N onestied and MC O CH staff; T A E CMP D irector K athleen Carlucci and T A E CMP staff; Paul Israel, D irector of the T homas A . E dison Papers; Walter Stochel, J r. of the Metuchen-E dison H istorical Society; Monmouth University students L auren R ossi, C asey H annah, and N ikole G hirardi; public volunteers G eorge Skic, Ryan C arlucci, Patrick Carlucci, and Sean Carlucci; and A SN J volunteers: Ilene G rossman-Bailey, E d Bailey, R ichard V eit, D ouglas V eit, A llison G all, T essa G all, T abitha H illiard, L auren L embo, J aron Bernard, J esse Walker, Sevrie C orson, K imberly K eene, K en D efillipo, C hristopher Brown, Meagan R atini, J oel D worski, Sabrina Madjeski, K imberly Bustamante, Brian Sniatkowski, A ndrea Barauskas, Maria Milazzo, Paula C annella, L ee Meyers, D ebbie Salerno, K yle Wyeroski, Marilyn Scherfen, K imberly H erthel, and D aniel R icigliano. Members of the public who visited the site are thanked for their curiosity and interest in the project.

D eposits inside the kitchen include brick, window glass, nails, burnt ceramic and vessel glass, marble mantle and decorative fireplace surround fragments, lamp glass, hard rubber buttons, and straight pins. A dense deposit of broken bottle glass dating from the late nineteenth or early twentieth century was also identified near the front wall of the kitchen, suggesting that while the home was occupied, residents or squatters discarded alcohol and other bottles below the kitchen wing’s front porch. A rtifacts found in intact and re-deposited subsoil at the site also reveal the remains of an ephemeral prehistoric N ative A merican occupation. R ecovered prehistoric

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Newsletter No. 257 October 2017

Searching for an E lusive R evolutionary War F ort: M onmouth U niversity’s Summer 2017 F ield School R ichard V eit, A dam H einrich, and Sean McH ugh

Monmouth University’s summer 2017 field school was a cooperative project between Monmouth University’s D epartment of H istory and A nthropology, R utgers University N ewark’s D epartment of E arth and E nvironmental Sciences, and the N ational Park Service. It was directed by R ichard V eit, Ph.D ., A dam H einrich, Ph.D ., and Sean McH ugh M.A , all of Monmouth University. We were working with L ee Slater Ph.D . of R utgers N ewark, assisted by Pantelis Soupsis of the T echnical E ducational Institute of Crete. Monmouth University staff for the field school included Professor J ennifer Swerida, and alumni and students, including: Safa A khtar, Stephanie Codling, Casey H annah, E ric L auenstein, E van Mydlowski, and K risten N orbut. T en Monmouth University undergraduate students and 8 graduate students participated in the project. We were assisted by numerous A SN J volunteers including Steve Santucci, Sevrie Corson, D arryl D aum, Chris and R ebecca Brown, J ason Wickersty and others. F ieldwork occurred in May and J une of 2017the circa 1840 construction of the southeast wing, and confirmed that a buried occupation layer dating from the 18th and early 19th centuries survived over much of the site at a depth of 18 inches to two feet below grade.

T he project focused on F ort H ill and associated camps in the J ockey H ollow area of Morristown N ational H istorical Park and was designed to determine the extent and integrity of the archaeological deposits on F ort H ill, while testing the value of remote sensing techniques, most notably induced polarization, a form of resistivity.

F ort H ill is the site of a relatively unknown R evolutionary War fortification constructed in 1780 on the orders of G eneral A nthony Wayne. It has been described as ”the least known and least visited historic site in Morristown N ational H istorical Park” (O lsen nd). T he winter of 1780 saw a portion of the Continental A rmy encamped at Morristown. T hese troops included the Pennsylvania L ine, including H and’s Brigade, which hutted on F ort H ill and included two Pennsylvanian and two C anadian regiments. In D ecember 1780, Wayne described his plans for the site as follows, ”I traced out a kind of C itadel consisting of three small redoubts“ the whole joined by a stockade” (O lsen nd). Shortly thereafter construction began, with approximately 100 men assigned to work on the site. L ocal civilians were also employed hauling logs. A contemporary description noted, ”the works go on so briskly that I hope in a few days we shall be able to bid the enemy defiance. O ur works on Mount K emble consist of two small redoubts and a blockhouse that will contain about forty men“ the six pieces of artillery are to be stationed there” (O lsen nd). H owever, construction appears to have stopped when the Pennsylvania L ine mutinied on J anuary 1, 1781. It is not clear that any further work occurred on the fort. Indeed, the site was largely forgotten until the Reverend J oseph T uttle visited the site in the 1850s. H e described it as follows, ”A t the E ast and N ortheast on the top of F ort H ill are some remains not like those we had previously examined. T hey evidently were not the ruins of breast works, but seem to have been designed to prepare level places, for the free movements of artillery; and a close inspection shows that cannon stationed at those two points, on the hill top would sweep the entire face of the hill, in case of an attack. T his undoubtedly was the design. In the immediate vicinity, are the remains of quite a number of hut chimneys, probably occupied by a detachment of artillerymen” (T uttle in O lsen, N D ).

A t the beginning of the project, the site was heavily overgrown and obscured by large fallen trees. A fter extensive clearing, a ten-meter grid was laid out across the approximately two-acre site. G eophysical surveying was carried out across the site, and shovel tests were excavated on the grid points. Sadly, no artifacts were recovered from the shovel testing. F our one-meter-square excavation units were dug in order to investigate features identified during the geomagnetic survey. N o cultural remains were noted. T he entire site was then metal detected with trained teams of detectorists working on each block. O nly a handful of artifacts were recovered from the metal detecting, they included United States coins from the 1960s and early 1970s, possibly lost by individuals visiting the site during the Bicentennial, and a large iron chain link, that is not temporally diagnostic but could be associated with the construction of the fortifications on the hill. A lthough subsurface archaeological work was not especially revealing, two rough stone gun platforms were visible and were carefully mapped and photographed. A third, possible gun platform was also noted. It too was mapped and photographed. Photogrammetry was done on the gun emplacements.

A t this point the survey switched to the huts sites noted by R everent T uttle on the slopes of F ort H ill. T hese are believed to be associated with either the Connecticut L ine, which camped on the hill’s slopes in 1779-1780 or the

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Newsletter No. 257 October 2017

Continued from page 5

Pennsylvania L ine which camped there in 1780-1781. It is also possible that they were constructed by the Connecticut troops and reused by the Pennsylvanians. D uring our treks up the hill numerous stone clusters were visible, likely representing the chimneys from collapsed huts. O ne team of students was dispatched to map in the stone clusters using a T rimble G PS. H ut remains were found present around almost the entire hill. A roughly 200-foot-long by 50-foot-wide area, running west to east along the side of the hillside was cleared of brush and a metal detector survey was carried out in this area. T his area contained three stone chimney piles. R oughly 120 historic artifacts, almost all dating from the R evolutionary War era, were recovered. T hese included numerous hand-wrought nails, hardware fragments, musket balls, two pieces of iron grapeshot, and a twist handled fork. A rtifacts were concentrated between and in-front of the huts. A single hut was selected for excavation. T he entire perimeter of the hut was excavated as was most of the hut’s interior. O nly a handful of artifacts were recovered, including several hand-wrought nails, and a small fragment of redware. T he hut measured roughly 12 by 16 feet and had a corner fireplace in the N W corner. Some previous excavation had happened nearby and it is not clear if this site was dug by D uncan Campbell and colleagues in the early 1960s.

Monmouth University’s summer 2017 field school yielded considerable new information about F ort H ill and the associated camps. T he fort itself is represented by two clear gun platforms and a third possible gun platform. H owever, likely due to the site’s brief, occupation, roughly three weeks, only one artifact was recovered. Indeed, it seems likely that the fort was never finished.

T he extent of huts in and around F ort H ill was

impressive. A lthough numerous collapsed chimneys were documented, much more work could be done documenting these sites. Metal detecting proved valuable as a way to gather information about the encampments and revealed an interesting assemblage of R evolutionary-War era artifacts. E xcavation of a single hut revealed very few artifacts. H owever, it did show how this particular hut was constructed. Moreover, the project highlighted the effectiveness of metal detecting as a way of documenting camps; something that is already well-documented for battlefield sites. R eference: O lsen, E ric N D A n Unfinished H istory of an Unfinished F ort: F ort H ill. O n file at Morristown N ational H istorical Park.

A n illustration of F ort H ill from the 1850s. N ote the similarity between the historic image and the cleared site today.

I n memory of K urt R ichard K alb

March 23, 1945 - March 7, 2017: K urt was born in Wilmington, D E and moved in 1946 to the family farm in L andenberg, PA , where he grew up. H e went to work for the State of N ew J ersey, where he joined D OT as an archeologist and worked his way to being a ”Principal E nvironmental Specialist (A rcheology)” before moving to L and Use & D E P where he retired as ”Supervising E nvironmental Specialist” in A ugust 2008. K urt is missed by friends and colleagues

K urt K alb & D eborah

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Newsletter No. 257 October 2017

A r chaeological S ociety of New J er sey and the Pinelands C ommission 2017 Pinelands A rchaeology and A nthr opology S ymposium

T er r ence D . M oor e C onfer ence R oom

R ichar d J . S ullivan C enter for E nvir onmental Policy and E ducation 15C S pr ingfield R oad, Pember ton, New J er sey, 08068

S atur day, O ctober 21

st

, 2017 10: 00 A M -4: 00 PM 9: 30 A M -10: 00 A M B r eak fast and Sign I n

10: 00 A M -11: 30 A M A SNJ B oar d M eeting- A SNJ members - the public is welcome 11: 30 A M -11: 40 A M K eynote S peak er - R . A lan Mounier

11: 40 A M -12: 00 PM “A F or gotten T own on a F or gotten R oad: T he A r chaeology of Pine B ar r ens H er itage at the Stor ied C edar B r idge T aver n”- R ichard V eit

12: 00 PM -12: 20 PM “H er itage C r eation in the P ine B ar r ens: E xplor ing C ultur al R esour ces thr ough I nter views on P ar ticipation A nd M eaning”- Holly B aldwin

12: 20 PM - 12: 40 PM “28-C M -80: A P ossible E ar ly, E phemer al H istor ic Settlement Site in W oodbine B or ough” -R . A lan Mounier

12: 40 PM -1: 00 PM D iscussion for M or ning S ession

1: 00 PM -1: 45 PM L UNC H /L ive M usic on the P orch by “Nor th B r anch B ar n”.

1: 50 PM - 2: 25 PM “C rossing the P inelands: R evisiting T r ansmission C or r idor S ur veys and P r edictive M odeling in S outher n New J er sey”- Matt T omaso

2: 25 PM - 2: 55 PM “Pr ehistor ic Settlement in the NJ Pinelands: A R eassessment”-Pat Hansell and T ony R anere 2: 55 PM - 3: 15 PM “L ittle E ase H eadwater s Sur face G eology and A r chaeology Pr oj ect, P r eliminar y F indings: A T hr ee D imensional V iew of a C oastal P lain L andscape and its C ultur al Use P atter ns… A F r esh L ook at O ld Stuff”- J oseph A rsenault

3: 15 PM - 3: 35 PM “Dune L andfor ms and T wo E nigmatic P r ehistor ic A r chaic M anifestations on the New J ersey C oastal Plains”- J ack C resson

3: 35 PM -4: 00 PM D iscussion for A fter noon Session

T here is ample free parking and breakfast and lunch are included. T he symposium is free of charge. Please R S V P if possible so there is a count for the refreshments. W alk Ins are also welcome. If you have questions or to R SV P please contact the symposium organizer: T ony.McNichol@ njpines.state.nj.us

M embership R eport 9-28-2017

T he A SNJ has 264 current members. Memberships include 29 F amilies, 14 Institutions, 17 Students, 118 Individuals,

14 Sustaining, 52 L ife Members, 1 Corporate and 19 O rganizations. L auren L embo- V. P . Membership A rchaeologies of A frican A merican L ife in the

U pper M id-A tlantic University of A labama Press, 2017. 288 pp., 41 B/ W figs., 4 tables, bibliog., index. $69.95 cloth.

E ditors Michael J . G all and Richard F . V eit are pleased to announce the release of their co-edited book A rchaeologies of A frican A merican L ife in the Upper Mid-A tlantic, published through the University of A labama Press. T his volume presents 14 articles by 18 authors, and collectively examines the archaeology of A frican A merican life and cultures in the Upper Mid-A tlantic region, using sites dating from the 18th through 20th centuries. Sites in D elaware, Pennsylvania, N ew J ersey, and New Y ork are all examined, highlighting the potential for historical archaeology to illuminate the often overlooked contributions and experiences of the region’s A frican A mericans, settlers both free and enslaved. Particular focus is made on the D elaware V alley and the interaction between A frican A mericans and Q uaker and Methodist communities.

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Newsletter No. 257 October 2017

A rchaeological S ociety of New J ersey

New J ersey S tate Museum

B ureau of A rchaeology & E thnography

205 W est S tate S treet

PO B ox 530

T renton, NJ 08625-0530

F irst C lass Mail

A R C HA E OL OG IC A L S OC IE T Y OF NE W J E R SE Y Membership A pplication

A ctive... $25.00 Institutional...$30.00 F amily...$30.00 S tudent*...$20.00 Sustaining...$35.00 C orporate...$100.00

L ife...$1000.00 *S tudent Membership requires a photocopy of a valid Student ID .

D ues r eceived after O ctober 1

st

will be applied to the next calendar year

I wish to receive the A SNJ newsletter via: _ _ _ _ E mail

_ _ _ _ Print

Make checks payable to: A rchaeological Society of New J ersey and return to: A SNJ c/o Michael Gall, 119 South Main Street, Medford, NJ 08055

Name:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A ddress:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C ity:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ State:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Z ip:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ E -Mail address: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ T elephone Number(s): ( ) _ -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Gambar

Figure 2: Plan view of the Edison home’s kitchen wing foundation. Photograph courtesy of Allison A

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