16 Tenses Dalam Bahasa Inggris Lengkap dengan Rumus
dan Contoh Kalimatnya
pengertian tenses secara sederhana ialah pola kalimat yang berubah sesuai dengan waktu yang dirujuk merujuk yaitu masa lalu (Past), masa sekarang (Present) dan masa depan (Future).
16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok besar yaitu Present Tense, Past Tense, Future Tenses (Present), Conditional/Past Future. Berikut adalah ringkasan mengenai tenses-tenses dalam bahasa inggris tersebut .
1. Simple Present Tense
Suatu tense yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan kebiasaan, fakta dan kejadian yang terjadi pada masa sekarang.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat (+) Bentuk Positif
-Subject + To be 1 + Non Verb + Object - Subject + Verb 1 + Object
Contoh :
She is an english teacher I speak english every day (-) Bentuk Negatif
-Subject + To be 1 + NOT + Non Verb + Object -Subject + DON'T / DOESN'T + Verb 1 + Object Contoh :
She is not an english teacher I don't speak english everyday (?) Tanya
-To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object? - DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object? Contoh :
2. Present Continuous Tense
Suatu tense yang digunakan untuk menunjukan kejadian yang terjadi sekarang atau juga rencana di masa depan.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimatnya (+) Bentuk Positif
subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb – ing + object She is watching TV now
(-) Bentuk Negatif
subject + to be + not + verb – ing + object She is not watching TV now
(?) Bentuk Tanya
to be + subject + verb – ing + object Is She watching TV now
3. Present Perfect Tense
Suatu tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah dimulai pada suatu titik dan berlangsung hingga sekarang.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimatnya (+) Bentuk positif
-Subject + has/have + been + object He has been at home since morning -Subject + has/have + Verb III + object I have studied English For Three Years (–) Bentuk negative
( ? ) Bentuk interrogative
-Have / has + subject + been + object Has He been at home since morning -Have / has + Subject + verb III + object Have I studied English For Three Years
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Tense yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan satu kejadian yang dimulai pada masa lalu dan terus berlanjut.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimatnya ( + ) Bentuk positif
-Subject + has/have + been + V-ing
She Has not been reading book for an hour ( – ) Bentuk negative
Subject + has / have + not + been + V-ing She Has not been reading book for an hour ( ? ) Bentuk interrogative
-Have / has + subject + been + V-ing Has she been reading a book for an hour
5. Simple Past Tense
Tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat (+) Bentuk Positif :
-Subject + was/were + complement (pelengkap) -Subject + Verb II + Object
Contoh :
-Last year, Daniel was here (-) Bentuk Negatif
-Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement -Subject + did not + Verb I + Object
Contoh :
-I did not see him yesterday -She was not here yesterday
Bentuk did not atau was/were not bisa disingkat menjadi didn’t atau wasn’t dan weren’t
(?) Bentuk Interrogative :
-Did + Subject + Verb I + Object + ? Contoh :
-Did you play football yesterday ?
6) Past Continuous Tense
Jenis tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa ada kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lalu dan belum selesai.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Positif (+)
Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object He was sleeping when I came
Negatif (-)
Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object He was not sleeping when I came
Tanya (?)
- was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ? Was He sleeping when You came?
Tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi dan juga sudah selesai pada masa lalu
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Positif (+)
Subject + had + verb III + (past participle) + object She had gone to Australia when I called her
Negatif (-)
Subject + had + not + verb III + object
She had not gone to Australia when I called her Tanya (?)
Had + subject + verb III + object ?
Had She gone to Australia when You called her
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai sebelum kejadian yang lainnya terjadi.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimatnya Positif (+)
Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object He had been living in Jakarta about ten years Negatif (-)
Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years Tanya (?)
Had + subject + been + object ?
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years? Yuk, langsung saja ke tenses-nya :
Jenis yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian di masa depan, baik secara terencana (be going) atau secara spontan (will).
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimatnya : Positif (+)
Subject + will/shall + verb I + object
Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb I + object Contoh :
We will go to school soon
The students are going to have a test next month Negatif (-)
Subject + will/shall + verb I + object
Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb I + object Contoh :
We will not go to school soon
The students are not going to have a test next Pertanyaan (?)
Will/shall + subject + verb I + object
Am/is/are + subject + going to + verb I + object Contoh :
Will we go to school soon ?
Are the students going to have a test next month ?
10. Future Continuous Tense
Jenis tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan berlangsung di masa depan.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Positif (+)
Negatif (-)
Subject + will/shall + not + verb-ing + object I will not be studying English tomorrow
Tanya (?)
Will/shall + subject + be + verb-ing + object Will You be studying English tomorrow
11. Future Perfect Tense
Jenis tenses yang digunakan menyatakan kejadian yang akan telah selesai pada masa depan
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Positif (+)
Subject + shall/will + have + been + complement Subject + shall/will + have + verb III + object Contoh :
I will have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning Majid will have rented my house next month
Negatif (-)
Subject + shall/will + not + been + complement Subject + shall/will + not + have + verb III + object Contoh :
I will not have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning Majid will not have rented my house next month
Interrogative atau kalimat tanya (?)
Shall/will + subject + been + complement Shall/will + subject + have + verb III + object? Contoh :
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Jenis tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian dimasa depan akan telah berlangsung.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Positif (+)
Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + object I will have been visiting grandmother tomorrow morning Negatif (-)
Subject + shall/will + not + have + been + verb-ing + object I will not have been visiting grandmother tomorrow morning Interrogative atau kalimat tanya (?)
Shall/will + subject + have + been + verb-ing + object? Will you have been visiting grandmother tomorrow morning?
13. Past Future tense/(Simple) Conditional
Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan probabilitas. Contoh: if I found his wallet, I would give it back to him
Rumus dan Contoh Positif (+)
Subject + should/would + be + object Subject + should/would + verb I + object Contoh :
She should be in Yogyakarta next month
I would be pick up when you arrive at the station tomorrow Negatif (-)
She should not be in Yogyakarta next month
I would not be pick up when you arrive at the station tomorrow Interrogative/Tanya (?)
Should/would + subject + be + object? Should/would + subject + verb I + object? Contoh :
Should She be in Yogyakarta next month
Would you be pick up when I arrive at the station tomorrow
14. Past Future Continuous tense/Conditional
Tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan yang akan dilakukan melalui sebuah proses.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat : Positif (+)
Subject + should/would + be + verb-ing + object My brother would be finishing Thesis last week Negatif (-)
Subject + should/would + not + be + verb-ing + object My brother would not be finishing Thesis last week Tanya (?)
Should/would + subject + be + verb-ing + object? Would your brother finishing Thesis last week?
15. Past Future Perfect tense/Conditional
Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan yang akan telah dilakukan oleh subyek.
(+) Positif
Contoh:
- Ani would have seen John if She had come earlier
- Sinta would have been married if her parents had permitted (-) Negatif
Subject + should/would + not + have + been + complement Subject + should/would + not + have + verb III + object Contoh :
- Ani would not have seen John if She had come earlier
- Sinta would not have been married if her parents had permitted (?)Tanya
Should/would + subject + have + been + complement ? Should/would + subject + have + verb III + object ? Contoh
- Would Ani have seen John if She had come earlier
- Would Ani have been married if her parents had permitted
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous tense/Conditional
Jenis Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan yang akan telah dilakukan untuk beberapa saat.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat (+) Positif
Subject + should/would + have + been + verb-ing + object Contoh :
By last Saturday I should have been sailing for three days. (-) Negatif
Subject + should/would + not + have + been + verb-ing + object By last Saturday I should have been sailing for three days
(?) Tanya
Contoh :
Should you have been sailing for three days By last Saturday?
