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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI n-HEKSANA SERTA ETILASETAT BUAHBABAL
(Artocarpusheterophyllus Lamk.)TERHADAP Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus
ABSTRAK
Buah babal (Artocarpi heterophyllifructus) merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia yang dibudidaya di seluruh Asia Tropis.Secara empirisdigunakan untuk mengobati penyakit diare.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa kimia, karakterisasi simplisia dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol dan fraksi n-heksana serta etilasetat babalterhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan
Escherichia coli.
Serbuk simplisia dilakukan skrining fitokimia dan karakterisasi kemudian diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 80%.Ekstrak etanol difraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksana dan etilasetat.Selanjutnya ekstrak etanol dan fraksi-fraksinya dilakukan skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureusdanEscherichia colimenggunakan metode difusi agar dengan cakram kertas.
Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak etanol diperoleh golongan senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoida/steroida,fraksi n -heksana diperoleh senyawa triterpenoida/steroida dan fraksi etilasetat diperoleh senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, dan tanin. Karakterisasi simplisia diperoleh kadar air 3,98%, kadar sari larut air 11,64%, kadar sari larut etanol 5,00%, kadar abu total 9,16% dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 0,32%. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi n-heksana serta fraksi etilasetat dari buah babal mempunyai kemampuan antibakteri terhadap
Staphylococcus aureusdan Escherichia colidengan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) berturut-turut adalah 12,5 mg/ml, 15 mg/ml dan 10 mg/ml.
Kata kunci: Buah babal, Antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OFETHANOL EXTRACT, n-HEXANE AND ETHYLACETATE FRACTION OF
BABAL FRUIT(Artocarpusheterophyllus Lamk.) AGAINST Escherichia coliAND Staphylococcusaureus
ABSTRACT
Babal fruit (Artocarpi heterophylli fructus) is native plant in Indonesiathat cultivated throughout Tropical Asia.Empirically, babal fruit is usedfor diarrhea treatment. This study aims to determine the chemical compounds, characterization of simplex, and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract,n-hexane fraction andethylacetate fraction of babal against Staphylococcus aureusand Escherichia coli.
The simplex was tested screening of phytochemical and characterization then extracted using maceration with ethanol 80% as solvent. Ethanol extract was fractionated using n-hexane andethylacetate. After that, ethanol extract and thefractions were tested screening of phytochemical and the antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus aureusand Escherichia coliusing agar diffusion method with paper disc.
The result of pytochemical screening of simplex and ethanol extract showed that the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tanins, and steroids/triterpenoids.N-hexane fraction showed the presence of steroids/triterpenoids and ethylacetate fraction showed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and tanins. The characteristics of simplex were obtained 3.98% of water content, 11.64% of water soluble extract, 5.00% of ethanol soluble extract, 9.16% of total ash and 0.32% of acid insoluble ash. The antibacterial activity test showed that ethanol extract,n-hexane fraction and ethylacetate fraction of babal fruit had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli with the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were 12.5 mg/ml, 15 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml.
Keywords: Babal fruit, Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
