THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH BORROWING WORD IN MUSIC SECTION OF HAI MAGAZINE
THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of ArtS and Humanities
State Islamic University Of Sunan Ampel Surabaya
By : A. Rifa’i Adha
Reg. Number : A03212021
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH BORROWING WORD IN MUSIC SECTION OF HAI MAGAZINE
THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of ArtS and Humanities
State Islamic University Of Sunan Ampel Surabaya
By : A. Rifa’i Adha
Reg. Number : A03212021
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
ABSTRACT section of HAI magazine. The study focuses on the kinds and change of meaning process. Hopefully this study will be useful for the readers especially for students of English Department.
The method of the study is descriptive qualitative because this study is to describe kinds and change of meaning process in music section of HAI magazine. The data is taken from the the borrowing words has contained in the HAI magazine start from edition 2-8 December 2013; 23-29 December 2013; 2-8 February 2015. Totally there are 460 English borrowing word but the word that selected by the writer are 25 words which often contained in music section of HAI magazine. The writer uses some theories about borrowing words from Yule, Charles F. Hockett, Albert C. Baugh.
INTISARI
Rifa’i Adha, Ahmad. 2016. The Analysis Of English Borrowing Word In Music Section Of HAI Magazine. English Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities. The State Islamic University of
Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Dosen Pembimbing : Mr. Thoriqussu’ud, M.Pd.
Kata Kunci : Musik, Kata Serapan, Kamus Kata Serapan, Majalah
Penelitian ini fokus kepada analisa kata serapan bahasa Inggris yang terdapat pada rubrik musik di Majalah HAI. Penulis berharap penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca khususnya mahasiswa program studi sastra Inggris.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif, karena penelitian menjelaskan jenis kata serapan dan proses perubahan makna yang terdapat pada majalah HAI pada edisi 22-28 Juli 2013; 2-8 December 2013; 23-29 December 2013; 2-8 February 2015. Total ada 460 kata serapan tetapi hanya ada 25 kata yang sering termuat di rubrik musik majalah HAI. Penulis menggunakan beberapa teori tentang kata serapan dari Yule, Charles F. Hockett, Albert C. Baugh.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inside Cover Page ... i
Inside Title Page ... ii
Motto ... iii
Declaration Page ... iv
Dedication Page ... v
Advisor’s Approval Page ... vi
Examiner’s Approval Page ... vii
Acknowledgement ... viii
Table of Contents ... xi
Abstract ... xiii
Intisari ... xiv
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems ... 7
1.3 Objectives of the Study ... 7
1.4 Significance of the Study ... 8
1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 8
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ... 9
CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical Framework ... 10
2.1.1 Language ... 10
2.1.1.1 Terminology ... 12
2.1.1.2 Borrowing ... 17
2.1.2.1. Change of Meaning ... 22
CHAPTER : III METHOD OF STUDY 3.1 Research Method ... 25
3.2 Data Instrument ... 26
3.3 Data ... 26
3.4 Data Source ... 27
3.5 Data Collection ... 27
3.6 Data Analysis ... 27
CHAPTER IV : FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Finding ... 29
4.1.1 The Borrowing Words with No Change of Meaning in the Sentence ... 32
4.1.2 The Borrowing Words with Change of Meaning in the Sentence ... 50
4.2 Discussion ... 58
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 61
5.2 Suggestion ... 62
REFERENCES ... 63
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses about some points to the introduction in the thesis.
The points include background of study, statement of problem, objectives of the
research, the significance of the research, scope and limitation, and definition of
key of terms.
1.1 Background of Study
The magazine is a periodical publication containing articles and
illustrations, often on a particular subject or aimed at a particular readership
(Oxford dictionary). According to Diah Wardhani, the magazine is a media that
used to produce a feature idea and picture publicty to reference materials in the
future. (Wardhani, 2008:30-31).
HAI Magazine is a magazine for the young people publishing since 5
January 1977 in Indonesia. It being one of the branch the big company “Kompas
Gramedia Group”. The office was located at Kompas Gramedia Building second
floor, Unit II, Jalan Panjang 8A, Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta. HAI Magazine has
developed as media always be accompanied to young people, especially
Indonesian males in the many platform whether print, digital or activation. The
contents of the HAI magazine article is everything related with all about young
people, such as lifestyle; music; film; education; gathering place of young people;
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people magazine giving specialization of its articles contains about the
information for Indonesian male teenagers.
The difference of HAI Magazine from 1977 until now is on the first
edition still dominated with display of comic and short story. Both were being
favourite teenagers at that time. For the year to year, along the way, HAI
Magazine has experienced some replacement, from the logo until the design of
magazine display. HAI magazine has been a trusted friend and most favoured for
male teenagers. So, HAI Magazine which always supporting male teenagers with
building confidence of them to moving achieve their goals.
Most of the HAI Magazine readers are student of senior high school and
student in university, sometimes there are reader from junior high school too. All
of them are young people who have a high curiosity, of course need of
information as they wants. Because generally someone who identifies with vast
insight about information usually will avoid from a judgment of “less social” in
their community than with them who take less advantages of mass media
attendance as main reference to access the information. (Nurudin, 2007:105).
To fulfill the information and life style the reader who always dynamic
overtime. HAI give information completely and add knowledge about some
International and local music information. The articles in the Music section of
HAI magazine use daily language, casual, free, recently and understandable by
young people as purpose first these are made the reader getting the satisfication of
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Kriyantono, 2006:208 state that media reputed try to fulfilled motif of the
public, if this motif fulfilled so need of the public will be fulfilled too until in the
end the media who fulfillable of the public is effective media. Palmgreen,
1985:227 said that uses and gratification focus motif as an independent variable
influence using of media, that is public use media as a push from certain motifs.
When we discuss about young people, especially male, the scope of male
magazine was tended to often reporting content about music. Existence of music
section has been one of the permanent section presented since the past until now.
The section has been something always be waited by reader than the other
sections because the content contained reporting about update information about
the musician and its development, concert show running, whether local or
international, show exclusive interview with International artists who has visited
in Indonesia such as Sleeping with sirens, Avenged sevenfold, Incubus, Paramore
and etc.
Existence of HAI Magazine against mass media development has good
enough influence, especially for young people. Young people have been one of
advance power a nation certainly always try to develop of knowledge and skill
themselves. So as the vision and misson declared by HAI Magazine which being
a source of trusted information for young people in order to develop of the
creativity. HAI Magazine tries to give actual information, interesting, important
related by life of young people especially male. In the other hand HAI Magazine
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Based on the many opinions of the Netizen that there are paradigms of
HAI magazine contents is all about music. It is could be looked by the cover and
dominated by coverage on the magazine. Actually, there are many features or
sections in the magazine includes movie, sport, art, automotive, gadget,
technology. hangout place, stuffs, skulizm, fashion, event, and etc. So, the features
of HAI magazine is various and adjust what the teenagers needed. HAI magazine
participates to educating of a nation too by the publishing of the magazine.
Beside HAI has published the magazine, Hai has two big program HAI
Online and HAI Day. HAI Online created to be one of supporting platform to
greet with audience in Indonesia. HAI was designed as media had high utility in
entertainment, art, and education sector. To get the information the reader can
visit to join at www.Hai-online.com.Then Hai Day is an event for the young
people, especially the teenager in order to celebrate of HAI anniversary in every
year which started from 2012. There are many programs such as school
competition, exhibition and music concert.
There are many sections with interesting content/features but because any
mentioned HAI magazine is a music magazine. So the writer interested to research
section about music. In the written contents of the section many words contained
and classified as borrowing word. As we know text written in the magazine is
adjusted with the reader. So many foreign terms contained in the magazine.
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language tucked inside it. Teenagers who identical with big embitterment exactly
need information as they want.
Using English borrowing word used often by people around us includes
student in campus like use it because it has looked and heard prestige when it be
spoken. Sometimes pronouncing of English borrowing words more simply than
Indonesian borrowing words.
To show the original of this study, the writer presents the related studies as
follows. The research conducted by Lorania (2011) a student of the State Islamic
University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta entitled The Analysis Of English
Borrowing Words In Indonesian Political Terminology. The focus is from twenty borrowing in political terms collected as column of KOMPAS newspaper, there
are changes of meaning such as narrowing and extension in meaning. But
degeneration and regeneration of meaning kinds do not exist. And most of them
are equal or the same in meaning. The researcher used theory of Yule that
borrowing is the taking over of words from other language and borrowing is one
of the most common sources of new word inEnglish language, Japan language
and also Bahasa The method of this research is qualitative because in this
research, the writer analyzes the data which are in the form of words. She will
describe the corpus of English lexical politics which are borrowed by Indonesian
language. She also will describe the changes of meaning that happen in the
borrowing words such as extension or generalization and narrowing or
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Then Achmad Yusuf (2015) entitled Borrowing Word Translation In Digital Camera Magazine Published In Indonesia For March 2014 Edition. The
focus is translation procedures and types of borrowing word of the borrowing
words translation from English into Indonesian language can be concluded
Borrowing word for loan blend appears as most in Indonesian translation. The
researcher used theory of Charles F. Hockets that borrowing is not always from
language into another, sometimes it is merely between dialects. The method of
this research is descriptive qualitative method by describing the theory of
borrowing, describing the theory of translation procedure, writing down the whole
data analysis, and collecting the information from the research, in which the data
collected are read, compile, and analyze using the theories of equivalence and
borrowing words. Research findings are displayed with the results of its analysis.
Tutriana Ayu Sekarrosa (2014) a student of the Gadjah Mada University
Yogyakarta entitled The English Borrowing Words in Kompas Online Articles.
The data analysis focuses on the classification of English borrowing words and
the equivalent of the English loanwords and their Bahasa Indonesia counterparts.
The researcher used theory of Champbell that word which originally was not part
of the vocabulary of the recipient language but was adopted from some other
language and made part of the borrowing language’s vocabulary The method of
this research is descriptive qualitative by listed in the form of table and analyzed
in two parts. The first part of data analysis discusses about the classification of
English borrowing word and the second part discusses about the equivalent
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second part of intended to discuss the equivalent of the English loanwords and
their Bahasa Indonesia counterparts.
Based on the previous studies above. It can be concluded that there are a
lot of researchers which have discussed about word formation, especially
borrowing word over several years. Most topics discussed is about politics,
technology, sport, business, etc. There is no any publication of research or journal
about borrowing word topic of music. So the writer very interested to analyse and
research “The Analysis Of English Borrowing Word In Music Section Of Hai
Magazine” because in the topic contained more knowledge about music. Music
was being a part of people in the world. Then this research will complete the previous researches.
1.2 Statements of the Problems
Based on the background of the study, the writer will purpose the
following question :
1. What kinds of borrowing words are used in the music section of HAI
Magazine?
2. What changes of meaning process are used to translate the English
music terms into Indonesian music which are collected from HAI
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1.3 Objectives of the Study
The expected aims of this research from the problem statement are:
1. To know kinds of borrowing words are used in the music section of
HAI Magazine.
2. To know the changes of meaning process are used to translate the
English music terms into Indonesian music terms which are collected
from the HAI Magazine
1.4 Significance of the Study
In this study, the writer hopes that this study will give a better
understanding of HAI magazine readers who want to know about kinds of
English borrowing word in Section of Music.
The writer also hopes that this research is able to be a scientific
contribution to Arts and Humanities Faculty especially to the students and
lecturers of English Department.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
In this research, the writer will focus on the analysis of English
borrowing words in the music section of HAI magazine. The music section
has known as the most favourite section which it could be looked what the
cover display always popular musician or artists, whether local or
international at the certain time. The writer took the data from four editions
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many numbers and kinds it contained in the choosen edition started 2-8
December 2013; 23-29 December 2013; 2-8 December 2015.
1.6 Definition of the Key terms
1.6.1 The magazine is a periodical publication containing articles and illustrations, often on a particular subject or aimed at a particular
readership.
1.6.2 Borrowing word is a word taken over from another language and modified in phonemic shape, spelling, paradigm or meaning according to
the standards of the English language.
1.6.3 Music is Vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion.
1.6.4 HAI Magazine is a magazine for the teenagers (male). The contents of the magazine article is everything related with all about teenagers, such
as lifestyle; music; film; education; gathering place of teenagers; most
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this part of chapter, the writer explains the approach of the study, they
are language, terminology, borrowing, and meaning in language.
2.1 Theoritical Framework
This part is the explanation of the theory whihch use the writer to
analyse this study. The writer uses the theory , they are language,
terminology, borrowing, and meaning in language.
2.1.1 Language
They are a lot of definitions to interpret what languages are.
Jean Aitchison stated in his book “Linguistics an Introduction” that
language is patterned system of arbitrary sound signal, characteristic of
structure dependence, creativity, displacement, duality and culture
transmission. So in Longman Dictionary we will find the definition of
language is a system of communication by written or spoken words,
which is used by the people of a particular country or area.And another
definition about language is producing sound that signify certain
meaning and to understand or to interpret the sound produce by others.
Knowing a language means knowing what sound or signs, and knowing
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One linguist from Indonesia Harimurti Kridalaksana interprets
that language is “sistem tanda bunyi yang disepakati untuk
dipergunakan oleh para anggota kelompok masyarakat tertentu dalam bekerjasama, berkomuniksi dan mengidentifikasi diri”. (Language is an
arbitrary system which is agreed and used by social community
member in cooperation, communication and identification themselves).
Language is a mirror of human’s mind in a deep and significant
sense it is a product of human intelligence, created a new in each
individual by operation that lie far beyond the reach of will or
consciousness. Language can express the human emotion such as angry,
sad, happy, annoying and etc, language also can express human though,
human’s desire and etc. That is why language is stated as mirror of
mind.
And we should know that there is no evidence shows any
language is more primitive than other language, we can observe that all
language provide a means of asking questions, making request, making
assertions, and so on. And there is nothing that can be expressed in one
language that cannot be expressed in any other.
But along with the development of human knowledge and
science concept, the interpretation and the understanding in our life is
unlimited. Moreover, in every time appear the new concept, the new
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to the development of science, culture and social civilization. Because
of all the developments in human life and no one language that has
complete vocabularies or terminologies to express all concepts,
interpretations and understandings, include Indonesian language. So
that way the borrowing and loaning each other language may happen.
2.1.1.1 Terminology
Term is a lexical unit consisting unit of one or more than one
word which represents a concept inside a domain, and terminology is
the vocabulary of a subject field.
Terminology is a word or the combination of words that express
a concept meaning process, condition or special characteristics in a
certain field and give the term which is known generally or specifically.
Terminology is special terms or vocabularies customarily used by those
engaged in a specific activity or field of endeavor.
It is necessary for every science to have its own terminology in
its work. Terminology is the expression which has certain meaning that
is used in a branch of science. The terminology is different from word,
terminology have a meaning which is certain, clear and unhesitatingly,
although without context sentence. The terminology is free from
context on the contrary word is not free context. For example, the word
13
have different meaning in medical field. Tangan is a part from circle until fingers, and lengan is a part from circle until shoulder. Whereas in
word, tangan and lengan is have the same meaning.
In development of language there are numbers of terminology
which are often used become general vocabulary. It means, that
terminology is not only used in its own science field but also used
generally outside the field. For example the terminology of spiral, nd
virus have been become general vocabulary.
There are seven sources of terminology according to John S
Hartanto, as follow :
1. Indonesian vocabularies
This source has fulfill one or more requisite that is concise, the
meaning is not deviate, there is no bad meaning (connotation),
pleasant to hear and by generalization or specialization of the
origin meaning. Such as: Garis Ibu and Peka.
2. Family language vocabularies
If the terminology in Indonesian language is not found, it is
desirable to find the terminology in family language vocabularies.
Such as : Nyeri from Sunda, Pain from English.
3. Foreign language vocabularies
If the terminology is not found neither in Indonesia nor family
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the source to find the terminology. Such as : Music in English and
music in Indonesia.
4. Absorbed the foreign terminology
The process of absorbed can be done with or without change in
adaptation spelling and pronounciation. Such as the term of Kimia in Indonesia and Chemistry in English, it means ilmu urai but we do not use this terminology in the dialogue, we often use the term
of Kimia only.
5. Types of absorption
These types are the context of situation and bound of sentence,
easy to learn language and practically. Such as the term of electron,
in Bahasa is elektron.
6. Common foreign terminology usage
The usage of common foreign terminology can be used as the
Indonesian terminology. Such as fabriek becomes pabrik.
7. Constants foreign terminology spelling
We can use it with requisite give italics or underline the word.
Such as Cum Loude means graduated from university with
cumulative achievement index between 3.50 without C value until
4.00
Word with general meaning have a function as the terminology.
15
processes to form the word. There are etymology, coinage, borrowing,
compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, convension, acronyms.
Derivation, prefixes, and suffixes, infixes and multiple processes. These
are explanation about the word formation :
1. Etymology
It is known as the origin and history of a word. For example : the
word of etymologyitself.
2. Coinage
It is by invention the totally new terms, it is used for commercial
products or for any version of that product. For example : aspirin
dan teflon
3. Borrowing
It is by taking over the words from other language. For example :
Yogurt (borrowed from French)
4. Compounding
It is joining or compounds the two separate words to produce a
single form. For Example : wallpaper
5. Blending
It is combination the two separate forms to produce a single new
terrm. For example : infotainment (information / entertainment)
6. Clipping
It is happened when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to
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7. Backformation
The process is by reduced one type of word to form a word of
another type. For example : televise (verb) into television (noun)
8. Conversion
It is changed the version n of word. As when a noun comes to be
used a verb without any reduction. For example chair (noun)
become verb in someone has to chair meeting.
9. Acronyms
It is formed a new word from the initial letters of a set of the
words. For example : CD (Compact Disk) and radar (radio
detecting and ranging).
10. Derivation
It is accomplished affixed of the English language. For example :
unhappy with affixes un.
11. Prefixes and suffixes
Prefixes is added the affixes in the beginning of the word. For
example : mislead
Suffixes is added the affixes in the end of the word. For example :
foolishness
12. Infixes
It is incorporated inside another word and possible to see in certain
expression.
17
It is can be done by trace the operation of more than one process at
work. For example : problems with the project have snowballed
Suffixes is added the affixes in the beginning of the word
2.1.1.2 Borrowing
1. Definition of borrowing
A lexical problem arises whenever we need to name certain
object, idea or concept and operation for which our nation
language has not already provided. Thus the development of
science and invention, or any other widening of intellectual and
cultural horizon, poses a problem in providing an adequate
terminology. Such problem might be solved by taken a word from
some language where they are potential in actual or potential. It is
way called by borrowing.
According to Yule statement borrowing is the taking over
of words from other language and borrowing is one of the most
common sources of new word in English language, Japan language
and also Bahasa W. Nelson Francis also stated in his book the
English Language an Introduction Background for Writing, the
definition of borrowing use of word from other language fill out
language lexicons. He also stated that in English language
18
If we look in Longman dictionary, the definition of
borrowing is rather similar with three definitions above. According
to Longman dictionary borrowing is something such as a word,
phrase, or idea that has been copied from another language.
We can summarize that borrowing is taking or using the
word from other language to fill new concept in nation language
and borrowing is very common way to make new word or
terminology.
` 2. Kinds of borrowing
Charles F. Hockett is professor of linguistics explained in
his book “A course in modern linguistic” type of loans or
borrowing word process depending on phonological and semantics
characteristic are:
a. Loanword is the process of morphological importation involving
no morphological replacement but with or without substitution in
phoneme. These importations do not imply grammatical change. In
can be concluded the borrower adopted the pronunciation and
spelling from original word. Example: visual < visual >
b. Loanblend is the combination of morphological substitution and
importation, but the structure fits the model. The loandblend
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a loandblend is a new idiom develops in borrowing process.
Example: kultur < culture>
c. Loanshift is the morphological substitution without importation
but involves loan translation and semantic loans. Loandshift is
foreign concepts represented by native form.
Example: like (English) form <gleitch> (German).
2.1.2 Meaning in Language
1. Definition of Meaning
Before we discuss the change of meaning, it’s better to
know what meaning is. Meaning defined as what is referred to or
indicated by sound, words or signals. Ferdinand De Saussure
(1966), stated that every linguistics signs consist of two
components, they are:
a. Signified, the sign that will be given a meaning. It is kind of
concept or thought reference from certain sound sign.
b. Signifier, the sign that will give a meaning Other linguist
Geofferey Leech stated there are seven types of meaning:
1). Conceptual meaning : logical cognitive, or denotative
20
2). Connotative meaning: what is communication by virtue
of what language refers to.
3). Stylistic meaning: what is communicated of the social
circumstance of language use.
4). Affective meaning: what is communicated of the feeling
and attitudes of the speaker or writer.
5). Reflected meaning: what is communicated through
association with another sense of the same expression.
6). Collocative meaning; what is communicated through
association with words which tend to occur in the
environment of another word.
7). Thematic meaning: what is communicated by the way in
which the message is organized in terms of order and
emphasis.
2. The Causes the Change of Meaning
Creativity in language always happened from time to time,
every people can interpret one word into many kinds of meaning,
and so that why some time same word have the different meaning
in the different era or time. Abdul Chaer explained there are many
21
a. The science and technology development
The development science and technology can caused the
change of word meaning. Some example, a word that used for
indicated simple thing, its still used although meaning concept is
different. Along time ago word manuscrip Bahasa mean hand
write, nowadays the word is still used to indicate the print script.
b. The social and cultural development
The change of meaning can also caused by social and
culture development. The word which is used is same word, but
now have new concept of meaning because the social and culture
development. Example:
Last time before the independence day of Indonesia most of
people use word tuan to call some person who has high social
status. But today word “tuan” almost never be used because the
citizen of Indonesia aware after the freedom that tuan word related
to colonial.
c. The using of word development
Every science field has their own vocabularies, but the
vocabularies of one science can be used in other part with new
meaning. And of course it has difference meaning with original
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d. Because of Association
There is relationship between form utterances with
something else that is related with its form of utterance.
e. The conception of sense exchange.
All of the conception of sense have their own function to
feel what happen with the. In development of language using,
many cases of the conception of sense exchange from the one
sense into other sense.
Example the word Manis has meaning sweet, but it also can
used to tell someone who is cute or beautiful.
Because of abbreviation in Bahasa there are some of word always
used and then people very common with these words. Without completely
writing or speaking all the word most of people can understand with it.
Example: people abbreviate word dokter with dok.
2.1.2.1 Change of Meaning
Francis definite the change of meaning is the ways in which people
change the meaning they associate with word make up one of the most
interesting and amusing facets of language.
And according to Albert C. Baugh, change of meaning is necessary
23
meaning. For that words do undergo such change is a fact readily
perceived can be illustrate from any period of the language and will be
found in every language at all times. Baugh classified that there are four
kinds of change of meaning:
a. Extension of Meaning
Extension is process of word experience the change of meaning
from specific into general meaning. It is also called widening or
generalization, it means the word is widening from the special meaning.
Not only in one field of science but also in other field. For example the
word bapak dan ibu, used to call the parents but recently it used to call
every people who are elder than us and are respected.
b. Narrowing of meaning
Narrowing also called specialization. This is the process of word
experience of meaning from general into specific meaning. In narrowing,
the general word change became narrow meaning. For example: the word
of sarjana used to mean a smart person, but nowadays word sarjana it used
only to call the person who has graduated from university.
c. Regeneration of meaning
Regeneration of meaning is process of meaning change, it happen
when the new meaning has better interpretation than the old meaning. .
24
is aimed in it. For example: the word istri now has better meaning than
bini.
d. Degeneration of meaning
Degeneration is also called pejorative, its mean the process of
meaning change when the new meaning changed go down more negative
or lower than the old meaning. Degeneration is aim to negative or
unpleasant meaning. For example: the word of abang used to mean brother
but now it used to call the man who has low social status such as driver of
CHAPTER III METHOD OF STUDY
In this part the writer would like to explain a methods that used to analyze
the data. In this research the writer used qualitative method. This part were
includes of Research Method, Instrument, Data and Data Sources, Data Collection
and data analysis.
3.1 Research Method
As Seliger and Shohamy (Litosseliti, 2010), suggest that research methods
and techniques adopted in any research project depend upon the question and the
focus of the researcher (p.31). It means the choosing of method is depended on
our research problems and the focus of our research discussion.
Every research needed some steps that were usually called by process. As
Sarwono (2006) states that qualitative research content of some key words such
as; process, understanding, complicities, interaction and human (p.193).
Therefore, when we would to do the qualitative research we had to do some
process such as understanding well the research problems and the complicities of
the problem itself. Not only that, interaction and human is also being important
focus when we wanted to analyze problem in the society.
According to Litosseliti (2010) qualitative approaches are particularly
26
advantages and weakness. In qualitative approach the advantages could help the
writers to do research deeper and got richer data to support their study.
Nurhidayani (2013) states qualitative method is one method used by
researchers in the social sciences, with an emphasis on the uniqueness of human
researcher objects or social phenomena that cannot be analyzed with statistical
methods (cited on http://yaniqiute.wordpress.com/2013/04/12/metode-penelitian-kualitatif/). It means that the qualitative method matched to analyzing in the social
part. The phenomenon of choosing a language in communication was a social
phenomenon that can be analyzed with this method.
Based on some descriptions about qualitative method above, the writer
decided to use qualitative method in his research. Because the writer thought that
this method was suitable with his research. As we know that this research focused
in the human language in society, so the qualitative method was suitable with this
study.
3.2 Data Instrument
27
3.3 Data
The data was something that would be analyzed by the writer. The data in
this study included of words in quote or sentence in each music section. The data
are borrowing word used in HAI magazine. The data took from a few editon
selection that contained english borrowing word.
3.4 Data Sources
Data is recording or illustration or information about something or fact
(Jusuf Soewadji: 2012). Data is the material itself. The source of Data of this
thesis is HAI magazine. The data which is taken from the “HAI” magazine in
Music section. There are three editions which be studied and analyzed in this
thesis. These editions are started 2-8 December 2013; 23-29 December 2013; 2-8
February 2015.
There are The data are 164 words from edition of 2-8 December 2013, 124
words from edition of 23-29 December 2013, 172 words from edition 2-8
February 2015. The writer took 25 words that often mentioned each edition above.
3.5 Data collections
The writer collected data from edition started 2-8 December 2013; 23-29
December 2013; and 2-8 February 2015. Before the writer collected the data, the
28
3.6 Data Analysis
Analysis is starting by :
1. Prepare and determining three edition of HAI magazine that used to
research.
2. Find out english borrowing word in HAI magazine for music section
each edition.
3. Make two sentences based on the words found on the HAI magazine.
First sentence is Indonesian quote sentence taken from music section
of HAI magazine itself. Second sentence is English sentence has same
word with the founding word.
4. Analyzing the data with searching comparison word in Kamus Besar
Bahasa Indonesia and Oxford Dictionary.
5. Classifying the data by categorizing based on the kinds of borrowing
(loanshift, loanblend, and loanword) and meaning changing (extention
of meaning, narrowing of meaning and no changing of meaning).
These are twenty five english borrowing word in music section of
HAI magazine which are presented by alphabetical order in this analysis
the writer also want to divide into two kinds of meaning. First is
borrowing with no cange meaning and second is borrowing words with
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the writer presents two points. The first point of this
chapter is data findings and the second point is discussions. In the data findings,
there is table of the kinds and change of meaning of borrowing word is used in the
music section of HAI Magazine.
4.1Finding
In this section, the writer present analysis of borrowing words in the music
section of HAI magazine. These are twenty five Indonesian term words which are
presented in alphabetical order in this analysis the writer also wants to divide into
10. Industri Industry
18. Personel Personel
32
4.1.1 The Borrowing Words with No Change of Meaning in the Sentence. 1. Akustik (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Sang DJ akan melepas preview untuk versi akustiknya, namun
belum memberikan keterangan jelas kapan akan dirilis.
b. Its acoustic properties are said to be almost perfect, and it has been named “the Auditorium”.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Akustik : rancangan dan sifat khusus pada ruang rekaman.
(KBBI)
b. Akustik : tempat rekaman atau reproduksi suara
dilaksanakan (KKSBA)
c. Acoustic : qualities that make a room good or bad for hearing
music or speeches in (Oxford Dictionary)
33
The Meaning Analysis
Based on the type of borrowing the word “akustik” is includes loanblend type as they have different spelling, but same in pronunciation
with the word “acoustic” in English. And then this world also can be categorized as loanshift, the original word is from Greek (1600)
Akuostikos , the meaning of it is pertaining to the hearing.
Both of these words from two examples of sentence and three
meanings from dictionaries above we can summarize that these words has
equal in meaning, there is no process change of meaning.
2. Aransemen (HAI, February 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Jangan harap kejutan-kejutan aransemen maupun komposisi
musik ambisius di album ini.
b. My lecturer saw imperfections in the arangement of paragraphs and the repetition of phrases.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Aransemen : penyesuaian komposisi musik dengan
nomor suara penyanyi atau instrumen lain yang didasarkan
pada sebuah komposisi yang telah ada sehingga esensi
34
b. Aransemen : Penyusunan komposisi lagu atau musik
dengan isntrumen dan penyesuaiannya supaya hasilnya
harmonis. (KKSBA)
c. Arrangement : plan or preparation that you make so that
something can happen. (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
Based on the type of borrowing this word is loanblend, in English
the word arrangement is aransemen in Indonesia. Both of them have similarities in pronunciation but different in spelling. As loanshift type or
etymologically, this word is taken from French (1727) arranger, the
meaning of it is arrange.
Base on three dictionaries and two sentences above, there is no
change of meaning. Both of them have equal in meaning.
3. Generasi (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Pastikan menyimak lagu ini dengan baik, karena ada teriakan
dari vokalis Vierratale, Widi Kidiw. Gandengan lintas
generasi, nih!
35
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Generasi : masa orang-orang satu angkatan hidup
(KBBI)
b. Generasi : angkatan; keturunan (KKSBA)
c. Generation : all people born at about same time. (Oxford
Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
The word “Generasi” in Indonesian term is formed from the word
“Generation” in English based on the type of borrowing this word is loanblend type. The combination of two processes of foreign language and
native language is different in pronunciation and spelling. As loanshift
type or etymologically, this word is taken from Old French (1400)
generacion, the meaning of it is .
In other hand, based on three dictionaries the word Generasi in
Indonesian term has the same meaning with the English word.
4. Genre (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Mengusung genre post-hardcore, band asal bekasi yang
36
Ferdy (bass), Ibas (Keyboard ) mencoba peruntungannya di
musik dengan nama Ghost Busted.
b. My favourite movie genre is comedy, but my brother loves action.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Genre : Jenis, tipe, atau kelompok sastra atas dasar
bentuknya; ragam sastra. (KBBI)
b. Genre : aliran (KKSBA)
c. Genre : Particular style or type of literature, art, film, or
music. (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
Base on the type of borrowing this word is loanword type, because
the word “genre” in Indonesian term has similar in pronunciation and spelling with the word “genre” in English language. As loanshift type or etymologically, this word is taken from French (1840) genre, the meaning
of it is kind.
Both of these words from two examples of sentence and three
meanings from dictionaries above, we can summarize that these words has
37
5. Industri (HAI, February 2-8, 2015)
Example in sentence :
a. Mendengarkan Musim yang Baik seperti mendengarkan SO7
yang telah melalui segala fase dalam mengarungi industri musik.
b. He was at a place in the industry where he did what he pleased.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Industri : kegiatan memproses atau mengolah barang
dengan menggunakan sarana dan peralatan (KBBI)
b. Industri : kerajinan; usaha produk barang;
perusahaan. (KKSBA)
c. Industry : manufacture or production of goods from
raw materials. (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
This word is industri in Indonesian term has same pronunciation
with the word Industry in English vocabularies however these word have different in spelling, so it can be categorized in loanblend. As loanshift
type or etymologically, this word is taken from Latin (1400) industria, the
meaning of it is diligence.
From two of sentences examples and dictionaries we know that
38
6. Instrumen (HAI, February 2-8, 2015)
Example in sentence :
a. Semua bebunyian yang ada keluar dari tiga instrumen. b. My favourite music instrument is the flute.
Original meaning based on dictionaries are :
a. Instrumen : alat yang dipakai untuk mengerjakan
sesuatu; alat-alat musik (KBBI)
b. Instrumen : alat; perkakas (KKSBA)
c. Instrument : tool or device used for a particular task.
(Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
This word is loan blend type, it is taken from the word
“instrument” in English the meaning is a tool or device used for a
particular task. The world “instrument” in English becomes “instrumen” in Indonesian terminology. In the loan blend type, the combination of two
processes of foreign language and native language has some similarities in
pronunciation but the spelling is different. As loanshift type or
etymologically, this word is taken from Latin (1300) instrumentum, the
meaning of it is tool.
Based on the meaning above, both of words “instrumen” and “instrument” has same meaning. There is no change of meaning in
39
7. Karier (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Yap, seperti Jiggin Riggin yang mengawali karier musik mereka di Jepang.
b. His career as a football player was full of achievements.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Karier : Perkembangan dan kemajuan dalam kehidupan,
pekerjaan, jabatan, dsb. (KBBI)
b. Karier : riwayat pekerjaan; kerja yang digeluti. (KKSBA)
c. Career : series of jobs that a person has in a particular area
of work (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
This word “karier” in Indonesian taken from word “carier” in English and it is loanblend type as they the same pronunciation but
different in spelling. And base on the meaning in all three dictionaries and
two sentences above, the writer concludes that, they have same in meaning
40
8. Label (HAI, February 2-8, 2015)
Example in sentence :
a. Kami maunya apa, nggak ketemu sama label, jadinya mentok.
b. It says on the label to take two tablets.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Label : sepotong kertas (kain, logam, kayu dan
sebagainya) yang ditempelkan pada barang, dan menjelaskan
tentang nama barang, nama pemilik, tujuan, alamat ,dan
sebagainya. (KBBI)
b. Label : merek dagang (KKSBA)
c. Label : piece of paper, cloth, etc fixed to somthing to
describe what it is, who own its, etc. (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
Base on type of borrowing this word is loanword type, because the
word “label” in Indonesian term has similiar in pronunciation and spelling with the word “label” in English language. If we observe all the meanings above, the original meaning and Indonesian borrowing language meaning
41
9. Lirik (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Dari segi penulisan lirik kami lebih kekinian atau lebih ke anak muda dan mudah dicerna
b. They also drew up select lists of epic and lyric poets.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Lirik : Susunan kata sebuah nyanyian (KBBI)
b. Lirik : Karya sastra (puisi) yang berisi curahan perasaan
pribadi (KKSBA)
c. Lyric : Expressing the writer’s emotions, usually briefly
and in stanzas or recognized forms (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
This word “lirik” in Indonesian term can be categorized as loanblend, in English it forms “lyric”, the meaning of it is “expressing direct personal feelings”. And in Indonesian term the
word “lirik” has meaning “Susunan kata sebuah nyanyian atau karya sastra (puisi) yang berisi curahan perasaan pribadi”. The
writer concludes based on two examples of sentence and the
meanings above, we can summarize that these word has equal in
42
10.Personel (HAI, February 2-8, 2015)
Example in sentence :
a. Ini adalah kali ketiga majalah kesayangan kamu ngobrol bareng
personel band hard rock asal Huntington Beach, California,
Amerika Serikat, Avenged Sevenfold (A7X).
b. Good social skills are the essence of effective personnel
management.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Personel : pegawai; anak buah (KBBI)
b. Personel : orang sebagai anak buah/anggota
c. Personnel : all the people who work for an organization.
(Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
This terminology is including loanblend type, the word “personel” in Indonesian borrowed from “Personnel” in English. Both of them have the same pronunciation but different in spelling. Etymologically this word
also can be categorized as loanshift, the original word is from French
43
Based on three meanings in dictionaries and two sentences above
the word “personnel” and “personel” are equal in meaning or no change of meaning process.
11.Potensi (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Yang membuat band ini punya potensi untuk meledak adalah
mereka punya ciri khas tersendiri.
b. I suppose he has the potential to be a good leader.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Potensi : kemampuan yg mempunyai kemungkinan untuk
dikembangkan; kekuatan; kesanggupan; daya. (KBBI)
b. Potensi : kekuatan, kesanggupan (KKSBA)
c. Potential : can develop into something or be developed in the
future. (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
The word “potensi” is taken from word “potencial” in English, they have different spelling and pronunciation, and it can be categorized in
loanblend type. If we observe all the meanings above, the original
meaning and Indonesian borrowing language meaning in Indonesian term
44
12.Profesional (HAI, December 23-29, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Karena sangat kental, sound yang dihadirkan Jiggin Riggin
cukup memenuhi kriteria profesional.
b. Since the accident, Candra Mukti has given up hope of
becoming a professional football player.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
b. Profesional : memerlukan kepandaian khusus untuk
menjalankannya. (KBBI)
c. Profesional : masuk golongan ahli (KKSBA)
d. Professional : showing that somebody is well trained and
highly skilled. (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
“Profesional” is taken from word “Professional” in English and it is categorized in loanblend type. The word “Profesional” in Indonesia has different in spelling but it has some similarities in pronunciation with the
word “Professional” in English. The meaning of word “Profesional” in Indonesian term base on dictionary is “Memerlukan kepandaian khusus
untuk menjalankannya”. There is no change of meaning because the
English and the Indonesian political terms both of them have same
45
13.Promosi (HAI, February 2-8, 2015)
Example in sentence :
a. Padahal image band berupa foto cukup dibutuhkan apabila ingin
mempromosikan band di mana pun.
b. Rendy assume this is not the best time to ask for a promotion.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Promosi : memperkenalkan atau mempropagandakan (KBBI)
b. Promosi : kenaikan pangkat; penyokong (KKSBA)
c. Promotion : advertising or other activity to increase the sales of
something. (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
Base on type of borrowing this word is loanblend type, because the
word “promosi” has different spelling and pronunciation with the word
“promotion” in English, however they have same meaning. Based on three dictionaries and two sentences above, the writer found there is no
46
14.Rilis (HAI, December 23-29 ,2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Ya, akhirnya diputuskan kalau kami harus segera merilis album
kedua! kisah Boni.
b. The film I told you about has been released.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Rilis : mengeluarkan (menerbitkan, mengadakan) buku,
film, album lagu, dan sebagainya. (KBBI)
b. Rilis : menyampaikan secara resmi berita (KKSBA)
c. Realease : Make a film, recording, or the other product
available to the public (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
Base on type of borrowing the word “rilis” is include loanblend type as they have different in spelling but same in pronunciation with the
word “vocal” in English. And then this word also can be categorized as loanshift, the original word is from French (1200) relais, the meaning of it
is abatement of distress.
Both of these words from two examples of sentence and three
meaning s from dictionaries above we can summarize that these word has
47
15.Studio (HAI, February 2-8, 2015)
Example in sentence :
a. Jadi kalau gak ada manggung, kami berkumpul di studio saja.
b. The following day, Andy and Rudy went to work on the studio
with a pleasure.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Studio : ruang tempat bekerja (KBBI)
b. Studio : kamar siaran; kamar kerja seorang seniman
(KKSBA)
c. Studio : room(s) where films, or radio, or television
pogrammes made. (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
This word is loanword type, the process of mopphological
importation involving no morphological replacement. It also can be called
pure loanword. Original word “studio” and Indonesian borrowing word
“studio” have similarities in spelling and pronuciation. It also can be categorized as loanshift it was used in Latin language in 1819. The original
48
Base on three meanings in dictionaries and two sentences above
this words “studio” in Indonesian term and “studio” in English term are equal in meaning or no change of meaning.
16.Versi (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Ia siap merilis versi akustik dari Stay The Night dengan iringan
piano
b. I have heard the French version of this song
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Versi : model; menurut cara (KBBI)
b. Versi : terjemahan cara menceritakan (KKSBA)
c. Version : copy of something that is slightly different from
the original (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
The word “versi” in Indonesian term is formed from word
“version” in English based on type of borrowing this word is loanblend type. The combination of two processes of foreign language and native
language are different in pronunciation and spelling. In other hand base on
49
17.Vokal (HAI, December 23-29, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Kita harus berani ambil resiko, mau kehilangan vokal atau rhythm gitar, katanya. (KBBI)
b. Parents of children at the school have been very vocal in their support of the teacher who was jailed.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Vokal : bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh arus udara dari
paru-paru melalui pita suara dan penyempitan pada
saluran di atas glosis.
b. Vokal : huruf hidup (KKSBA)
c. Vocal : Expressing opinions or feelings freely or loudly
(Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
Base on type of borrowing the word “vokal” is include loanblend type as they have different in spelling but same in pronunciation with the
word “vocal” in English. And then this word also can be categorized as loanshift, the original word is from French (1300) vocal, the meaning of it
50
Both of these words from two examples of sentence and three
meaning s from dictionaries above we can summarize that these word has
equal in meaning, there is no process change of meaning.
4.1.2 The Borrowing Words with Change of Meaning in the Sentence. 1. Album (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Harusnya album ini dirilis tahun lalu, ketika SID berulang tahun yang ke 17.
b. My little brother love to look at pictures of him as baby in the
family photo album.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Album : Kumpulan lagu dalam rekaman kaset (KBBI)
b. Album : Sejenis buku untuk menyimpan foto,
perangko,dsb; pita rekaman (KKSBA)
c. Album : Book in which a collection of photograph, stamp,
etc (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
This word is loanword type, the process of morphological
51
pure loanword. Original word “loanword” and Indonesian borrowing word
“album” have similarities in spelling and pronunciation.
Base on two of sentence examples and three meanings from
different dictionaries the writer conclude that the word “album” in Indonesian term is more general in meaning than the word “album” in English language. This process is named extension or generalization.
2. Audisi (HAI, February 2-8, 2015)
Example in sentence :
a. Waktu audisi final, yang namanya cindy ada empat orang.
b. I am going to audition for the role of Zainudin in “Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijk”
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Audisi : (KBBI)
b. Audisi : percobaan (KKSBA)
c. Audition : Short performance by an actor, singer, etc to test
ability (Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
52
loanblend type. The combination of two processes of foreign and native
language are different in pronunciation and spelling.
From three meanings above and two examples of sentence we
know that the “audisi” in Indonesian term is more general. This process can be called extention or generalization.
3. Efek (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Jadi yang dibutuhkan yang pasti gitarnya dulu, ampli baru
kemudin efek.
b. Some people argue that technology has negative effects.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Efek : kesan yang timbul pada pikiran penonton,
pendengar, pembaca, dsb (sesudah mendengar atau melihat
sesuatu). (KBBI)
b. Efek : akibat; pengaruh (KKSBA)
c. Effect : change that something or somebody causes in
something or somebody else. (Oxford Dictionary)
53
This word is loan blend type, it is taken from the word “Effect” in English the meaning is change that something or somebody causes in
something or somebody else. The word “Effect” in English becomes
“Efek” in Indonesian term. In the loan blend type, the combination of two processes of foreign language and native language has some similarities in
pronunciation but the spelling is different. Based on the meaning above in
the two sentences, This process can be called narrowing.
4. Faktor (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Pemilik Rumble dan Twice Bar ini gak menampik jika faktor usia juga turut berpengaruh dalam proses kreatifnya.
b. Scientist say many factors bring about changes in weather.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Faktor : hal (keadaan, peristiwa) yg ikut menyebabkan
(mempengaruhi) terjadinya sesuatu. (KBBI)
b. Faktor : Penyebab terjadinya suatu masalah (KKSBA)
c. Factor : fact, circumstance, etc that helps to produce a
result.
54
Base on type of borrowing the word “faktor” is include loanblend type as they have different in spelling but same in
pronunciation with the word “factor” in English. And then this word also can be categorized as loanshift, the original word is from
French (1500) facteur, the meaning of it is agent.
Base on two of sentence examples and three meanings from
different dictionaries the writer conclude that the word “faktor” in Indonesian political term is more specific in meaning than the word
“factor” in English language. This process is named specialization or narrowing.
5. Fanatik (HAI, December 2-8, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Tapi ada juga yang dulunya fanatik, meminta kami untuk
mengembalikan vokalis yang dulu.
b. Supardi was a football fanatic since he was 11 years old.
Here are the lexical meanings (based on dictionary):
a. Fanatik : teramat kuat kepercayaan (keyakinan) terhadap
ajaran. (KBBI)
b. Fanatik : kolot; terlampau kuat memegang keyakinan lama
55
c. Fanatic : person who is very enthusiastic about something.
(Oxford Dictionary)
The Meaning Analysis
This word “Fanatik” in Indonesian term can be categorized as loanblend, in English it forms “Fanatic”, the meaning of it is “person who is very enthuasiastic about something”. And in Indonesian term the word
“fanatik” has meaning “teramat kuat kepercayaan (keyakinan) terhadap ajaran“. Base on two of sentence examples and three meanings from
different dictionaries the writer conclude that the word “fanatik” in Indonesian term is more general in meaning than the word “fanatic” in English language. This process is named extension or generalization.
6. Kolaborasi (HAI, July 22-28, 2013)
Example in sentence :
a. Kalau Homogenic dan White Shoes And The Couples Company
berkolaborasi, mungkin bakal terdengar seperti band asal Bogor
ini.
b. The collaboration between the various levels of government has made everyting much easier.
