Materi Listening IVx

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP

Nur Hidayanto PSP

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY

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PART A

DIALOGS

ABOUT DIALOGS

The first part of the Listening Comprehension section consists of spoken dialogs (conversations) between two speakers. A third speaker asks a question about what was said or implied in the conversation. You must decide which of the four answer choices printed in your test book is the best answer for the question you hear and then mark that choice on your answer sheet. Between each of the dialogs there is a 12 second pause. There are thirty dialogs on the standard form, forty-five on the long form.

Sample Item You will hear :

M1 : Do you think I should leave this chair against the wall or put it somewhere else?

F1 : Over, by the window, I’d say.

M2 : What does the woman think the man should do ?

You will read :

(A)Open the window

(B)Move the chair

(C)Leave the room

(D)Take a seat.

Sample answer :

A B C D

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP THE DIALOGS

Most of the dialogs in Part A involve a man and a woman. A few involve two men or two women. Each speaker usually speaks one or two sentences. Many dialogs (about 25 agreeing or diagreeing with the other speaker, or if one speaker is accepting or rejecting the order speaker’s offer.

THE QUESTIONS

Most of the questions about the dialogs focus on what the second speaker says. However, it is usually necessary to understand the entire dialog in order to choose the correct answer. For example, in the sample item, it is not clear what the woman means when she says “Over by the window” unless you understand what them man says first. One or two questiions in each test may focus instead on what the first speaker says.

Common Part A Question Types 1. Meaning questions These are the

most common questions (about 50 percent). They ask for a restatement of what the second speaker or both speakers say. They may be general questions or ask what the speakers say about some specific topic. They often follow dialogs that contain idioms. 2. Inference questions These are the

second most common Part A questions (about 20 percent). The answers for these questions are not directly stated in the dialog, but they can be inferred (concluded) from what the speakers say.

3. Questions about suggestions.

Generally the first speaker talks about a problem or asks for advice. The second speaker makes a suggestion for solving the problem.

4. Questions about future actions.

These ask what one or both of the speakers will do next or in the near future, or what one or both are planning to do.

5. Topic question. These ask about the

Example

“What does the man/woman mean?”

“What does the speakers say about _____?”

“What does the man/woman imply?”

“What can be inferred from the converstion about____?”

“What can be concluded from the

conversation about___?”

“What does the woman suggest the man do?” “What does the man suggest they do?” “What does the woman suggest?”

“What does the woman think the man should do?”

“What will the man do?”

“What will they probably do next?” “What are the speakers planning to do?”

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP subject of the dialog.

6. Questions about opinions. These ask how one or both of the speakers feels about some topics.

7. Question about assumptions. These ask what the second speaker thought (assumed) before he or she spoke to the first speaker.

8. Questions about question. The first speaker makes a statement; the second speaker asks a question to get more information.

9. Questions about time. These ask when a conversation is taking place or when an event the speakers mention in the conversation will take place.

10.Questions about reasons. These ask why one or both of the speakers did something.

11.Questions about problems. These ask about some troubles one or both of the speakers are having.

12.Questions about activities. These ask what one or both of the speakers are doing.

“What are they discussing?”

“How does the man/woman feel about___?” “What is their opinion of___?”

“What had the man assumed about _____?” “What had the woman previously assumed?”

“What does the man want to know?”

“When is this conversation taking place?” “When will the_______ take place?”

“Why did the man/woman ______ ?” “Why did they _________ ?”

“What problem is the man having?” “What is the problem?”

“What are the speakers probably doing?”

Note : Two types of questions that were commonly asked about dialogs in the past are seldom or never asked about in the new-format test. These are location questions (“Where does this conversations probably take place?”) and occupation questions (“What is the man’s occupation?” or “Who’s the man?”).

THE ANSWER CHOICES

All the answer choices are logical answers for the question, but only one -the key- is correct according to the dialogs. However, as in all parts of TOEFL, not all of the answer choices are equally attractive. You can often eliminate one or two choices easily even if you are not sure which answer is correct and so make a better guess.

Correct answers are seldom stated word for word by either of the speakers. Correct answers often contain synonyms (words with the same meaning) for words in the dialogs and use different sentence structures. Grammatically, there are three types of answer choices :

1. Complete sentences (about 75 percent)

2. Incomplete sentences, usually beginning with verb forms-most often the simple form

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3. Short noun or prepositional phrases (about 5 percent).

The form of the answer choices can sometimes help you guess what the question will be, and you can therefore focus your listening.

Question types and examples

Meaning question :

“What does the man mean?”

Question about inferences :

“What does the woman imply about the article?”

Usual form of answer choice and example

Complete sentences :

(A)He prefers coffee to tea.

(B)He’d like some lemon in hid tea

Complete sentences :

(A)She will probably read it today.

(B)She wasn’t able to find it in the

library

Questions about suggestions:

"What does the woman suggest John do?" "What does the man suggest?"

Questions about future actions:

"What will the speakers probably do next?'

Topic questions:

"What are the speakers discussing?"

Questions about opinions:

"What was their opinion of the play?'

"How does the-man-feel about the announce-ment he heard?"

Questions about assumptions:

"What had the man assumed about Kathy?"

Questions about questions:

"What does the woman ask about Professor Tolbert?"

Incomplete sentences beginning with simple

forms of verbs or -ing forms

(A) Call his cousin. (B) Take his cousin home. (A) Taking a bus to campus. (B) Walking to class.

Incomplete sentences beginning with simple forms of verbs

(A) Park their car. (B) Get some gasoline.

Noun phrases:

(A) The man's new schedule. (B) A homework assignment.

Complete sentences or adjective phrases: (A) They didn't enjoy it very much.

(B) They liked it more than they thought they would.

(A) Angry. (B) Enthusiastic.

Complete sentences often containing the

auxiliary verbs would or bad:

(A) She had already finished the paper. (B) She wouldn't finish the research on time.

Incomplete sentences beginning with the

word if or one of the wh-words:

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Questions about activities: "What are they probably doing?"

Incomplete sentences

beginning with -ing verb;

(A) Buying groceries (B) Cooking breakfast.

The test-writers sometimes make it more difficult to pick the correct answer by using sound-alike word; homonyms, words with multiple meanings, and other techniques. You'll practice avoiding these traps in this part of the book.

"What does the man ask about the department store?"

Questions about time:

"When will the man play the piano?"

Questions about reasons:

"Why did Jerry miss the party?"

"Why did Linda talk to Professor Delgado?'

Questions about problems:

"What problem does the man have?

(B) Where tier office is.

(A) Its location.

(B) Its hours of operation. Prepositional phrases of time: (A) At the party.

(B) Before the ceremony.

Complete sentences or incomplete sentences

beginning with infinitives (to + simple

form):

(A) He didn't receive an invitation. (B) He had other plans for the evening

(A) To ask him about a grade.

(B) To explain why site missed class.

Complete sentences:

(A) He didn't bring enough money for the tickets.

(B) There were no tickets available.

Tactics for Dialogs

• Be familiars with the directions for part A

• Remember that the answer for the questions is generally contained in what the second

speaker says

• If you are not sure of the answer eliminate as many answer choices as you can.

• After you have chosen an answer, use the remaining time to preview the choices for

the next item. If the answer choices are long, just skim over them quickly. Try to anticipate what the question will be by the form of the answer choices.

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LESSON 1

ANTICIPATING QUESTIONS ABOUT DIALOGS

Between each dialog in Part A, there is a 12-second pause. During the pause, here's what you should do:

• Answer the question you have just heard as quickly as you can.

• Preview the choices for the next item.

A look at the answer choices may tell you the topic of the upcoming dialog and what question will be asked about it. Consider the answer choices below:

(A) Before -she leaves her dormitory. (B) During the chemistry class. (C) After the lab period.

(D) While she's eating lunch.

Even a quick glance will tell you that the dialog must he about a student's schedule, and that the question will begin, "When. ..."

If you have an idea of the topic of the dialog, and if you know what the question about the dialog will be, you will know what to listen for, and your listening task will be easier.

EXERCISE 1

Focus: Guessing which type of question will be asked about dialogs by looking at the four answer choices.

Directions: Quickly look over the five Part A items in each set the dialog and the type of question that would lie asked about it. Then look at the list of questions following each set of items. Put the letter of the appropriate question in the blank provided. One question in each set will NOT be used. The first one is done as an example.

Note: There is no taped material for this exercise.

Set A (D) Trying to find tickets Question: _____

Questions for set A

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP (c) What are these people doing? (d) Where will the man go tomorrow? (e) What does John say about the key? (f) What will the woman do next? Set B

6. (A) He had given his textbooks to a

friend.

(B) He would receive more money. (C) He wouldn't get to the bookstore on time.

(D) He hadn't sold his textbooks. Question: _____

7. (A) She enjoyed it very much. (B) She thought it was too long. (C) She liked it more than the movie reviewer did.

(D) She found it confusing. Question: ____. (B) Get her computer fixed.

(C) Use the computers at the library. (D) Borrow his computer,

Question: _____

10. (A) He doesn't have the right notebook.

(B) He forgot to bring a pen.

(C) He went to the wrong lecture hall. (D) He was late for the lecture. Question: _____

Questions for Set B

(a) What did the woman think about

the movie?

(b) What is the man's problem? (c) What does the man suggest Ann

(C) To give her a suggestion. (D) To disagree with her idea. Question: _________

13. (A) Who Katie is.

(B) What was said. (C) When Katie called. (D) What the problem was. Question: __________

13. (A) She's probably an expert on

modern art.

(C)She didn't paint the picture

herself.

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP (e) What information does the man

want?

(f) What are they discussing?

(c) What does the woman want to

know?

(d) When does this conversation take

place?

(e) What does the man mean? (f) What can be inferred about the woman?

LESSON 2

DIALOGS WITH SOUND CONFUSION

Some of the items in Part A involve confusion between words that have similar sounds. Here's how they work: one of the speakers uses a word or phrase that sounds like a word or phrase in one or more of the answer choices. If you don't hear the word clearly, you might incorrectly choose an option with a sound-alike word or phrase.

Sample item You will hear :

M1 : I’ve never had this type of fruit before. I don’t even know what to do

with it.

F1 : You just have to peel it and eat it

M2 : What does the woman mean ?

You will read :

(A)She doesn’t feel like eating fruit

(B)The man should take the pill before eating

(C)The fruit shouldn’t be eaten until it’s been peeled

(D)She isn’t familiar with this type of fruit either

The word feel in choice (A) sounds like the word peel in the dialog. In a different way, the

word pill in choice (B) also sounds like the word peel. Notice that choice (C)—the correct

answer—and choice (D) does not contain sound-alike words.

Many sound-alike expressions in Part A are minimal pairs. Minimal pairs are two

words that are pronounced alike except for one vowel sound feel and pill, lack and lake, point

and paint) or one consonant sound (peel and feel, vine and wine, mop and mob).

Another sound problem involves two words that sound like one word, such as mark it

and market, sent her and center, in tents and intense.

A third type of .sound problem involves one word that sounds like part of a longer

word, such as nation and imagination, mind and remind, give and forgive.

Hint: If an answer choice contains a word that sounds like a word in the spoken sentence,

that choice is probably wrong. For example, if you hear the word spell and you read the word

spill in an answer choice, you can usually eliminate that choice.

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When you're taking Part A during an actual exam, you can use the context of the dialogs to help you solve problems with sound confusion. If you hear and understand all of the dialogs, you won't have much trouble eliminating choices involving sound-alike words. However, if you only understand part of a dialog or if you "mis-hear" one or two words, you may easily choose an incorrect answer.

EXERCISE 2.1

Focus: Discriminating between sound-alike words in dialogs and answer choices. Directions: Listen to the dialogs. Decide which of the two choices, (A) or (B), best answers the question, and mark the appropriate blank. The first one is done as an example.

Now start the tape

1. _______(A) Get in a different lane.

_______(B) Stand in another line.

2. _______(A) Go down the slide.

_______(B) Play on the sled.

3. _______(A) Put them in a file.

_______(B) Throw them in a pile.

4. _______(A) He can't shut his

suitcase.

_______(B) His suitcase doesn't fit in the closet.

5. _______(A) She made bread from

whole wheat.

_______(B) She baked some white bread.

6. _______(A) It's being typed.

_______(B) Brenda is taping' it.

7. _______(A) Emily bought new

dollies.

_______(B) Emily recently moved.

8. _______(A) Its taste has improved.

_______(B) It tastes slightly bitter

9. _______(A)How much the ticket

costs.

_______(B) What Ellen might win.

10. _______(A) It's been chipped.

_______(B) There's a ship inside it.

11. _______(A) He tripped in the aisle.

_______(B) He tripped in some oil.

12. _______(A) For its fast horses.

_______(B) For its natural resources.

13. _______(A) Thinking about the

decision.

_______(B) Arguing about the issue.

14. _______(A) The color is too bright.

_______(B) It doesn't fit around the neck.

15. _______(A) Wrote his name on the

paper.

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP EXERCISE 2.2

Focus: Identifying sound-alike expressions in answer choices and choosing correct answers.

Directions: Listen to the dialogs. Each dialog contains a word or phrase that sounds like a word or phrase in two of the answer choices. Underline these words. Underline only those words with similar sounds, not words that are exactly the same. Then mark the answer choice that has the same meaning as the spoken sentence. (The correct answer will not contain any sound-alike words.) The first one is done as an example.

Now start the tape. If necessary, repeat this exercise to make sure that you have underlined all the sound-alike words.

1. ______(A) She went to the center

with her friend.

______(B) She wrote her friend a letter

______(C) She told her friend to call her later

2. ______(A) He has an appointment

with the president

______(B) He was just appointed vice president

______(C) He’s unhappy because he lost the election

7. _______(A) He didn't hear what the

woman said.

_______(B) He can lend the woman a pen.

_______(C) He had a pain behind his ear.

8. _______(A) The food in this town isn't

very good.

_______(B) She needed boots when she left home.

_______(C) The flooding in her neighborhood was severe.

3. ______(A) It is a study of the life of

plants.

______(B) It concerns the breeding of cattle.

______(C) It deals with life on Earth.

4. ______(A) They can't leave until the

rain is over.

______(B) Their drain has stopped up, ______(C) He shouldn't board the train until it completely stops.

9. _______(A) She's been weakened by the

sickness.

_______(B) She was awakened by the coughing.

_______(C) She missed class because of her cough.

10. _______(A) Evaluate the texts.

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5. ______(A) He offered his help to

Darlene.

______(B) He made an offer to Darlene's sister.

______(C) When Darlene was gone, he missed her,

6. _______(A) Get a copy made.

_______(B) Buy some cough drops. _______(C) Eat in the coffee shop.

11. _______(A) His apartment is more

comfortable now.

_______(B) He recently bought a new fan.

_______(C) He's been feeling fine lately.

12. _______(A) Her name is not on the list.

_______(B) The lease is difficult to read. _______(C) The lawyer told her to call the police.

LESSON 3

DIALOGS WITH HOMONYMS AND WORDS WITH MULTIPLE

MEANINGS

Two words are homonyms if they have the same pronunciation but are spelled

differently and have different meanings. The words flour and flower, bare and bear are

homonyms. In some items in Part A, one or more incorrect answer choices refer to a homonym of a word that is used on the tape, as in the example below.

Sample Item You will hear :

M1 : Eugene missed a lot of classes last week.

F1 : That’s because he was sick. I think he had the flu.

M2 : What is learned about Eugene?

You will read :

(A)He has been feeling weak for a long time.

(B)Because of sickness, Eugene was absent.

(C)Eugene’s eyesight isn’t very strong, so he needs glass.

(D)Eugene flew to another city this week.

The dialog contains the word week, meaning a seven-day period. Choices (A) and (C)

refer to a homonym of that word, weak, which means not strong. The dialog also contains the

word flu, an illness similar to a bad cold. Choice (D) refers to a homonym of that word, flew (took a trip by plane)

The dialogs may also contain words with multiple meanings. In these items, one or two of the answer choices refer to another definition of a word as it is used in the dialog.

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Sample Item

You will hear :

F1 : Are you sure this is Lois spells her last name?

M1 : It doesn’t look right, does it? In fact, I’m not even sure it starts with that letter.

M2 : What does the man mean? You will read :

(A)The letter to Lois was incorrectly addressed

(B)Lois’ last name may be incorrectly spelled

(C)Lois’ name appeared on the right side of the page

(D)Lois hasn’t begun writing the letter yet

The dialog contain the word right, meaning “correct”, and the word letter,

meaning a character in the alphabet. Choice (A) and (D) also contain the word letter, but in

those choices the word has :another definition—a message sent through the mail. Choice

(C) also contains the word right, but in , that choice, it refers to a direction—the opposite of

left.

You won't he confused by these items if you understand the entire sentence. Again, the context of the sentence can help you choose the correct answer. But if you focus only on

single words, like week and flu or letter and right in the two samples, you can easily make

mistakes.

EXERCISE 3.1

Focus: Using the context of dialogs to identify homonyms.

Directions: Listen to the dialogs. Decide which of the pair of homonyms appears in the dialogs and mark the appropriate answer, (A) or (U). The first one is done as an example. Now start the tape.

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Focus: Using the context of dialogs to identify the definitions of words with multiple meanings.

Directions: Listen to the dialogs. One word from the dialog is given, along with two possible definitions of the word. Choose the definition of the word as it is used in the dialog and mark the appropriate answer, (A) or (B). The first one is done as an example.

New start the tape.

______(A) part of an airplane ______(B) part of a building

5. tables

______(A) taking part in a game ______(B) appearing

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Directions: Listen to the statements. Decide which of the two choices best answers the question, and mark the appropriate answer, (A) or (B). The first one is done as an example.

Now start the tape.

1. ______(A) Look for mistakes

______(B) Write a check

2. ______(A) Events in the past

______(B) The man’s performance in class

3. ______(A) He’d never heard buffaloes

before.

______(B) This was the first herd he’d ever seen.

4. ______(A) Follow the directions on the

sign.

______(B) Sign up for another class.

5. ______(A) Buy a second suit.

______(B) Consider it for a little white.

6. ______(A) He can’t carry the luggage by

himself.

______(B) The handle on the suitcase is broken.

7. ______(A) He was surprised by the rain.

______(B) He just got out of the shower.

8. ______(A) The class has a better opinion

of him.

______(B) He was standing in front of the class.

9. ______(A) She works in an office by

herself.

______(B) She’s in change of making loans.

10.______(A) She’s sorry the seminar is

over.

______(B) She was often absent from the seminar.

11.______(A) They can park their car at the

zoo.

______(B) The park is located near the zoo.

12.______(A) If she has some money for a

phone call.

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LESSON 4

DIALOGS WITH IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

On many TOEFL exams, up to half the dialogs in Part A contain idiomatic expressions.

Many of the idiomatic expressions are two- or three-word verbs, such as call off and look out

for.

F1 : I wonder where Mike is.

M1 : He’ll show up as soon as the work is done, I bet. M2 : What does the man say about Mike?

You will read :

(A)He probably won’t arrive until the work is finished.

(B)He went to a show instead of going to work.

(C)He can show them how to do the work.

(D)He’ll probably work late today.

The idiom show up means “arrive”. Choice (B) and (C) contain the word show but it is

used in the idiomatic sense.

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The Mini-Lessons for Section 1, at the end of the Listening Comprehension section, are intended to familiarize you with a large number of idioms. You should work on these lessons and study these expressions as often as possible.

However, memorizing these phrases does not guarantee that you will recognize all the idiomatic expressions that you will hear in the Listening Comprehension section. There are, after all, thousands of these expressions in English. You must develop "a good ear" for guessing the meaning of idioms. The context of the sentence will help you understand the expression, even if you're unfamiliar with it.

EXERCISE 4.1

Focus: Recognizing synonyms for idiomatic expressions.

Directions: Listen to the spoken statements. Each contains an idiomatic or figurative expression that is written out. First decide which of the two choices best answers the question, and mark the appropriate answer, (A) or (B). Then underline the phrase in the correct answer that has the same meaning as the idiom. If necessary, rewind the tape and listen to the exercise again. The first one has been done as an example.

Now start the tape.

1. get in hot water

______ (A) She was in trouble. ______ (B) She took a warm bath.

2. bump into

______ (A) He met Caroline

unexpectedly at the coffee shop.

______ (B) Caroline and I jogged to the coffee shop.

3. hit it off

______ (A) He and Chuck argued as soon as they met.

______ (B) He and Chuck quickly became friends.

7. under the weather

______ (A) She didn’t want to practice because of the bad weather ______ (B) She wasn’t there because she felt a little sick.

8. take after

______ (A) He looks like his grandfather. ______ (B) He takes care of his

grandfather.

9. for good

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4. piece of cake

______ (A) The exam was simple. ______ (B) She had a snack after the test.

5. at the drop of a hat

______ (A) He can't leave until he finds his hat.

______ (B) He's ready to leave immedi- ately.

6. On edge

______ (A) He walks back and forth when he’s nervous.

______(B) He lives close to the park.

12.not think much of

______ (A) She didn’t consider it. ______(B) She didn’t like it.

EXERCISE 4.2

Focus: Understanding dialogs involving idiomatic and figurative expressions.

Directions: Look over the idiomatic expressions listed before each set of items. If you are unfamiliar with any of the idioms, you may want to look them up in the "Mini-Lessons for Section 1" that follow the Listening Comprehension portion of this book. Each of the dialogs contains one of the listed expressions. Listen to the dialogs, and mark the one answer choice. (A) or (B), that best answers the question. The first one has been done as an example.

Now start the tape. ______ (B) He doesn't know where Max has Gone.

2. ______ (A) Gary is lucky to have such

a good car.

______ (B) It's time for Gary to get

5. ______ (A) If the weather gets better.

______ (B) If she doesn't have any Other.

6. ______ (A) Elizabeth is taller than Liz.

______ (B) People call Elizabeth "Liz.

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP some new tires.

3. ______ (A) Go to bed.

______ (B) Watch a different program.

4. ______ (A) She didn't understand all

the jokes.

______ (B) She left before the performance was over.

______(B) She listens to it constantly.

8. ______ (A) The service is very fast

9. ______ (A) Ice water sounds perfect.

______ (B) The doctor told her to drink a lot of water.

10.______ (A) Skiing can be a dangerous

sport.

______ (B) It's easy to get into the habit of skiing.

11.______ (A) She enjoys the sound of

nature.

______ (B) She wishes she'd brought a radio.

12.______ (A) She wants to talk to

Norman.

______ (B) Norman doesn't study much himself.

13.______ (A) There's not enough wind to

go sailing today.

______ (B) Gasoline is very inexpensive.

16.______ (A) She doesn't think the man

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17.______ (A) She seems too nervous.

______ (B) She took a bold approach.

18.______ (A) He doesn't want to do any more

painting today.

______(B) He’ll phone the women later today.

19.______ (A) She spoke tin- lines in an emotional

way.

______ (B) She's memorized all the line.

20.______ (A) At some point, they'll agree to let

her go.

______ (B) They'll come with her to Alaska.

21.______ (A) Rob Martin hasn't called

him yet.

______ (B)He doesn't think Rob Martin

was on the team.

22.______ (A) He didn't count his money

carefully.

______ (B) He forgot about the tax.

23.______ (A) She's making steady

progress.

______ (B) She thinks the work is going too slowly.

24.______ (A) Of course she was sorry that

Molly left.

______ (B) Molly left without saying goodbye.

EXERCISE 4.3

Focus: Using the context of dialogs to understand the meaning of idioms.

Directions: Listen to the following dialog. Decide which of the choices—(A). (B), or (C)—best answers the question about the dialog, and mark the appropriate answer. The first one is done as an example.

Now start the tape.

1. ______ (A) Go to work with Jim .

______ (B) Go out for coffee. ______ (C) Get some exercise.

2. ______ (A) If the women will go to the

3. ______ (A)She missed Friday's class too.

______ (B) They both missed class because they were sailing.

7. ______ (A) She stood up and left the lecture.

______ (B) She was wailing outside the lecture hall.

______ (C) Her sweater made her easy to spot.

8. ______ (A) He deserved to get a ticket.

______ (B) He was going to a good restaurant. ______ (C) He probably wasn't speeding.

9. ______ (A) He'll be glad to help.

______ (B) If he helps, it will save the man some money.

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP ______ (C) He should take better notes

during Professor Morrison's

6. ______ (A) The program was canceled.

______ (B) The shuttle was launched yesterday.

______ (C) The launch was delayed.

10.______ (A) It's about buying large real estate

properties.

______ (B) There are too many students in his class.

______ (C) In general, he likes his real estate class.

11.______ (A) The man didn't get Jill a watch.

______ (B) The weather will be cool on graduation day.

______ (C) Jill won't be graduating

12._____ (A) She ordinarily works in a florist

Shop.

_____ (B) In the end, she won't have a problem. _____ (C) She wears too much perfume to work.

13._____ (A) She doesn't want any fruit.

_____ (B) She doesn't want to celebrate her birthday.

_____ (C) She doesn't like candy.

14.______ (A) He doesn't have any questions for

her.

______ (B) He won't be able to take a trip. ______ (C) He can't study during spring break.

15.______ (A) Mick's father told him to go to

medical school.

______ (B) Mick's father studied medicine. ______ (C) Mick and his father walked to the school.

16.______ (A) Fred would lie upset if he'd lost

money.

______ (B) Fred shouldn't be paid for singing. ______ (C) Fred is generally very sympathetic.

17.______ (A) If Wally has been injured.

______ (B) If Wally has been informed. ______ (C) If Wally's trip has been canceled.

18.______ (A) He can't find some of his

19.______ (A) She thinks they're certain to

do well.

______ (B) She thinks they're talented but lack experience.

______ (C) She doesn't like their style of photography.

20.______ (A) The lake is not very scenic.

______ (B) Her parents won't let them use the cabin.

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LESSON 5

ANSWERING INFERENCE QUESTIONS ABOUT DIALOGS

Sometimes the answer to a question about a dialog is not directly stated in the dialog. How can you answer this type of question? You must be able to make an inference about the dialog. In other words, information in the dialog will indirectly provide you with the answer to the question.

This type of question can be phrased in two ways; • What does the man/woman imply?

• What can be inferred from the conversation?

Some inference questions involve overstatement, or exaggeration.

F : Are you interested in selling your car? M : Sure—if someone has a million dollars!

Because of the exaggeration, we can infer that the man doesn't want to sell his car at all.

M1 : Can 1 take this bus to the art museum?

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M2 : What can be inferred from this conversation?.

You will read :

(A) The man needs to take a south-bound bus. (B) There is no bus to the museum.

(C) It takes a long time to get to the museum by bus. (D) The art museum is on Bank Street.

This information can be inferred, because the first bus is going north, but the man must take a bus going in the opposite direction to get to the art museum. Choice (B) is incorrect; .it IS possible to get to the museum by bus. There is no information about (C). Choice (D) can't be true because Bank Street is where the first bus is going.

EXERCISE 5

Focus: Listening to dialogs that are followed by inference questions and identifying the best answers.

Directions : Listen to the following dialogs. Decide which of the three choices—(A), (B), or (C)— best answers the question, and mark the appropriate answer. The first one is done as an example.

Now start the tape.

1. ______(A) He’s not related to Larry.

______(B) He doesn’t believe Larry won the contest.

______(C) He’s not very good dancer.

2. ______(A) The suit costs a lot of money.

______(B) The man dresses as if he were very wealthy.

______(C) The man already has an expensive suit.

3. ______(A) There is just enough food.

______(B) Many uninvited guests will come ______(C) The woman has prepared too

8. ______(A) They have agreed on it.

______(B) They have different opinions about it.

______(C) It depends on their cooperation

9. ______(A) Louis' new boss shouldn't have

been promoted

______(B) Louis and his old boss argued. ______(C) Louis should get a better job.

10.______(A) There's not enough snow to

cause a cancellation yet. ______(B) It will probably snow all night ______(C) The university has already

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP much food.

4. ______(A) Dave is a painter.

______(B) Dave’s apartment has been recently painted.

______(C) Dave’s brother doesn’t like the smell of Paint.

5. ______(A) He’s changed his major often

______(B) He hasn’t really changed his Major.

______(C) He won’t do well in his new major

6. ______(A) His Lectures put his students to

sleep.

______(B) He’s middle-aged man. ______(C) He lectures about history.

7. ______(A) He hasn’t been to the dentist for

years.

______(B) He wasn’t able to see the dentist yesterday.

______(C) Before he saw the dentist, he had a long wait.

decided to cancel classes

11.______(A) He's been interested in folk

dancing for a long time

______(B) He's interested in making new friends.

______(C) He wants to form a new folk- dancing club.

12.______(A) She didn't enjoy the music.

______(B) She couldn't see the concert very well.

______(C) She had a good seat near the stage.

13.______(A) Last summer was even hotter.

______(B) This is the hottest summer he can remember.

______(C) He didn't live here last year.

14.______(A) Students must pay to swim in

the pool.

______(B) The public cannot use the pool on campus.

______(C) The pool can be used by students for free.

15.______(A) They can't see the stars clearly.

______(B) They're not in the city tonight. ______(C) They are looking at the lights of the city.

16.______(A) He doesn't know many people at

work.

______(B) He wasn't expecting a phone call ______(C) He's not allowed to get phone calls at work.

17.______(A) Those aren't Shelly's

photographs.

______(B) Shelly has begun to take color photographs.

______(C) Shelly took the photographs hanging in the hall.

18.______(A) That scarf looks great on Fran.

______(B) Fran wears that scarf too often ______(C) In this weather, Fran needs a scarf.

19.______(A) She doesn't have an accent.

______(B) Her parents have very strong accents.

______(C) Her accent is stronger than her parents.

20.______(A) Robert usually has trouble

skiing.

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LESSON 6

DIALOGS INVOLVING AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT

To answer questions about some of the dialogs in Part A, it is necessary to understand if the second speaker agrees or disagrees with the first speaker's ideas or proposals.

There are many ways to express agreement and disagreement

Agreement

So do I Me too Neither do I* I don’t either Who wouldn’t?

Isn’t he/she/it though! (Didn’t he/ Wasn’t she/hasn’t it though!

I’ll second that I’ll say! You can say that again. Is/Has/Was it ever? You bet!

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP *These two expressions show agreement with a negative statement : I don’t really like my schedule this term

I don’t either. Or neither do I.

Disagreement I don’t think so.

That’s not what I think. That’s not the way I see it. I can’t say I agree.

I couldn’t agree with you less. I’m afraid don’t agree.

Probably not. Not necessarily. Not really. I’m afraid not. I’m not so sure.

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP Sample Items

You will hear:*

M1 : Howard certainly is a talented journalist.

F1 : Isn't he though!

M2 : What does the woman mean?

You will read:

(A) She doesn't know if Howard is a journalist. (B) She agrees that Howard is talented. (C) She read Howard's journal.

(D) She doesn't think Howard is talented.

Although the woman's reply seems negative in form, it actually signals agreement. Therefore, the best answer is (B).

You will hear:"

F1 : I thought Cheryl's photographs were the best at the exhibit.

M1 : I didn't really see it that way.

M2 : What does the man mean?

You will hear:

(A) He thought Cheryl's photos were the best. (B) He didn't look at Cheryl's photos.

(C) He thought other photos were better than Cheryl's. (D) He didn't go to the exhibit.

The man's response, "I didn't really see it that way," means that he disagreed with the woman's opinion that Cheryl's photographs were the best. The best answer is therefore (C).

EXERCISE 6.1

Focus: Determining if one speaker agrees or disagrees with the other speaker.

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Focus: Listening to dialogs that involve agreement and disagreement

Directions: Listen to the following dialogs. Decide which choice-(A)-(B)-or –(C) question, and mark the appropriate answer. The first one is done as an example.

Now start the tape:

1. ______(A) He prefers taking a final exam.

______(B) He thinks a exam takes too much time.

______(C) He’d rather write a research paper .

2. ______(A) It was difficult, but she

understood it.

______(B) It wasn’t very useful.

______(C) It’s probably easier than the other chapters.

3. ______(A) He completely disagrees with it.

______(B) He doesn’t believe the university will accept it. ______(C) He thinks it’s a good one.

4. ______(A) She doesn’t think that Jack

wrote it.

______(B) She thinks it had too many details.

______(C) She found it well-written.

5. ______(A) He thinks it’s a good day for

bike riding too.

______(B) He doesn’t agree with the woman’s opinion of the weather ______(C) He didn’t hear what the woman said.

6. ______(A) Arthur wasn't doingwell in the

class.

______(B) He's not sure why Arthur dropped the class.

7. ______(A) It might work.

______(B) It’s very impractical. ______(C) It’s unnecessary.

8. ______(A) He didn’t understand it.

______(B) It made him angry. ______(C) He agreed with it.

9. ______(A) She’s never been there during

final exam week

______(B) It’s crowded because students will be taking exams soon. ______(C) It’s not crowded now, but it soon will be.

10.______(A) He likes the costumes

Madelyn.

______(B) He wouldn’t recommend the play.

______(C) He doesn’t think the costumes are attractive.

11.______(A) It was very happy.

______(B) It was exciting. ______(C) It was unhappy.

12.______(A) She thinks Pamela is right.

______(B) She thinks the regulations are fair.

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP ______(C) He believes Arthur dropped the

class for no reason.

LESSON 7

DIALOGS INVOLVING SUGGESTIONS, INVITATIONS, OFFERS,

AND REQUESTS

A number of dialogs in Part A involve a speaker making and/or responding in suggestions, invitations, offers, and requests. There are many ways to express these language functions. Some are listed in the charts in this lesson, while others are practiced in the exercises.

SUGGESTIONS

These are pieces of advice dial one speaker gives mother. In most dialogs, the first speaker poses problem and the second speaker suggests a possible solution to that problem. In some dialogs, the first speaker makes a suggestion, and the second speaker responds to that suggestion positively or negatively.

Making Suggestions Why don’t you/we…….

Why not……..

Have you ever thought of……… You/we might want to……. You/we could always…….. Maybe you/we could……….. Try………

If I were you …..

If I were in your shoes ….. You/we should …..

Shouldn’t you/we ….. What about ….. What if you/we …. How about………

Positive responses Negative responses

Why not! Good idea! That’s an idea. Sounds good to me. By all means.

Why didn’t I think of that? That’s worth a try.

Thanks, I’ll give that a try.

I don’t think so. I don’t believe so. I already thought of that. I don’t think that will work. Don’t look at me!

Can I take a rain check?

(30)

You will hear:*

M1 : I’m doing so poorly in math class, I think I’m going to have to drop it.

F1 : You know, Frank, you should talk to Professor de Marco before you do anything.

He’s given special help to a lots who were having trouble.

M2 : What does the woman suggest Frank do?

You will read:

(A) Study a group of students (B) Drop his mathematics course

(C) Discuss the problem with the professor (D) Take no action at this time

The woman suggests that man talk to professor de Marco because the professor has helped may students in the past.

INVITATIONS

These are request for someone to come somewhere or to take part in some activities. The first speaker may invite the second speaker to do something, and the second speaker responds, or the second speaker may invite the first to do something.

*Note: Ml = first male voice M2 = second male voice Fl = first female voice F2 = second female voice

Yes, let’s…….

Sure. Thanks for inviting me. If you want me to………

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You will hear:*

M1 : Would you like to join on Sunday? We’re going to go on a picnic at the lake.

F1 : I’d love to, but I have a test on Monday, and I have to get ready for it

M2 : What will the woman probably do on Sunday?

You will read: (A) Study for a test (B) Go on a picnic (C) Take an exam (D) Join a club

The man invites the woman to come to a picnic. The woman says that she’d love to go, but that she must study for a test she is taking Monday. (If the woman had accepted the man’s invitation, choice (B) would have been correct.

OFFERS

These are proposals to help someone or allow someone to do something. Either speaker in the dialog may make an offer.

Making offers Let me …..

Shall I …..

Would you like me to ….. Do you want me to …..

Can I……… My I……… Should I…… I could………

That would be nice. Yes, please.

Please do. Sure, thanks.

I don’t think so. I’m afraid not.

That won’t be necessary. Thanks anyway.

Please don’t.

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You will hear:*

M1 : Should I make reservations for dinner Friday night?

F1 : Thanks anyway, but I’ve already made them

M2 : What does the man?

You will read:

(A) He can’t go to dinner Friday night. (B) Reservations won’t be required. (C) He made reservations earlier.

(D) He’d like the woman to make reservations.

The woman offers to make reservations, but the man replies that he’s already made them.

REQUESTS

To make a request is to ask to do something, or to ask for help or information.

Making request Would you …..

Could you/I ….. Do you mind if ….. Would you mind if …..

Will you ……. May I ……. Can you/I ……

I’d be glad to. I’d be delighted. Sure thing. Certainly. Why not?

If you want to……. If you’d like…… You bet.

*Not at all. *Of course not.

Sorry but …… I’m afraid not ….. I’d like to, but ….. I wish I could, but …..

*Actually, I do/would……….. *I’m afraid I do/would……

*As a matter of fact, I do/would……….

* Responses for “Do you mind if ….”or” Would you mind if …”

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP Sample Item

You will hear:

M1 : I have to make one phone call before I go.

F1 : Take your time. Would you just lock the door when you finish.

M2 : What does the woman want the man to do?

You will read: (A) Lock the office

(B) Finish his phone call quickly (C) Tell her what time it is

(D) Look up a phone number

The woman requests that the man lock up the office.

EXERCISE 7.1

Focus: Identifying suggestions, invitations, offers, and requests and responses to them. Directions: Listen to the following dialogs. Decide which of the two choices best completes the sentence, and mark the appropriate space. The first one is done as an example.

Now start the tape:

1. The man is …….

______(A) declining an offer ______(B) making a suggestion

2. The woman is ...

____ (A) accepting an invitation ____ (B) making an offer

3. The woman is ...

____ (A) declining an offer ____ (B) making a suggestion

4. Mark is ...

____ (A) rejecting a request ____ (B) agreeing to a request

6. The man is……

____ (A) agreeing to a request ____ (B) turning down an offer

7. Ed is probably going to .……….

____ (A) receive a suggestion ____ (B) make an offer

8. The woman is ...

____ (A) suggesting a solution ____ (B) offering help

9. Cynthia is ...

____ (A) giving an invitation ____ (B) accepting an offer

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5. The woman is ...

____ (A) giving an invitation ____ (B) making a suggestion

10.The woman is ...

____ (A) declining an offer ____ (B) making a request

11.The man will probably ...

____ (A) do what the woman suggests ____ (B) turn down the woman's invitation

12.Bob is ...

____ (A) agreeing to an offer ____ (B) refusing a request

13.The man is ...

____ (A) making a suggestion ____ (B) accepting an invitation

14.The man is ...

____ (A) requesting that the man do something

____ (B) giving the woman a suggestion

15.Paul is ...

____ (A) rejecting a suggestion ____ (B) agreeing with a suggestion

16.James tells the woman that...

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP EXERSISE 7.2

Focus: Listening to dialogs involving suggestions, invitations, offers, and requests and answering questions about them.

Directions: Listen to the following dialog. Decide which choice—(A), (B), or (C)—best answers the question about the dialogs, and mark the appropriate answer. The first one is done as an example.

1. ______(A) He would like a cigarette.

______(B) The woman can smoke if she likes.

______(C) He doesn't want the woman to smoke.

2. ______(A) The man wears it quite

often.

______(B) It needs to be cleaned. ______(C) The man should wear it.

3. ______(A) Make more popcorn.

______(B) Go to another theater. ______(C) Buy some popcorn.

4. ______(A) She could plan the trip.

______(B) She may not feel well. ______(C) She can go on the class trip.

5. ______(A) He doesn't want more

coffee.

______(B) He doesn't want to use his credit card.

______(C) He'd like to make coffee.

6. ______(A) She doesn't think it's

warm.

______(B) She'll open the window herself.

______(C) She wants the window closed.

8. ______(A) The kitchen also needs cleaning.

10._____(A) Work on their chemistry homework.

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP 7. ______(A)The soup is more expensive

than sandwiches.

______(B) She doesn't know what kind of soup there is.

______(C) The man might enjoy some soup.

15. _____(A) He hasn't seen the letters. _____(B) He doesn't know the right answers.

_____(C) He doesn't want to respond to the letters.

14. _____(A) He's already passed the test. _____(B) He doesn't like to study at the library.

_____(C) He doesn't plan to study tonight.

16. _____(A) She wants to go even though it's raining.

_____(B) She can't come to lunch today.

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP LESSON 8

DIALOGS INVOLVING CONTRADICTIONS, ASSUMPTIONS, AND QUESTIONS CONTRADICTIONS

These involve the second speaker correcting what the first speaker says, as in the samples below :

Sample item : You will hear : *

F2 : Amy didn’t work aovertime last week. M1 : As a matter of fact, she did.

M2 : What does the man say about Amy?

You will read :

(A)She is always late for work.

(B)She never works overtime.

(C)She worked extra hours last week.

(D)She hasn’t had her job very long.

A B C D

The man’s emphatic use of the auxiliary verb did shows that he is contradicting what the woman said.

You will hear :*

M1 : Martin always talks about how he loves to dance.

F1 : Yes, but you don’t see him out on the dance floor very often, do you? M2 : What does the woman say about Martin?\

You will read :

(A)He is an excellent dancer.

(B)He doesn’t like dancing very often.

(C)He doesn’t talk about dancing very often.

(D)He goes dancing four times a week.

A B C D

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Sample Items (Continued)

You will hear :*

F1 : All of the students voted for the proposal to expand the Student Council. M1 : Well, most of them did, anyway.

M2 : What does the man mean ?

You will red :

(A)All of the students voted.

(B)Some of the students opposed the proposal.

(C)The proposal was defeated.

(D)The Student Council voted.

A B C D

The man says that most of the students voted for the proposal, contradicting the idea that all of them did. Therefore, some of the students must have apposed the proposal.

In some dialogs, such as the third Sample Item, the second speaker does not completely contradict what the first speaker says but rather limits the first speaker’s idea.

ASSUMPTIONS

These are the beliefs that one speaker has until he or she receives information from a second speaker. You will generally hear dialogs involving assumptions near the end of Part A. These questions are considered difficult, but once you understand how they work and practice answering them, you should find them no more difficult than any other type of question. In this type of dialog, the first speaker makes a statement. The second speaker is surprised because the first statement contradicts what he or she believes to be true. The second speaker’s response often begins with the word “Oh” and ends with the phrase “....after all.” The answer to assumption questions is the reserve of what the second speaker thinks, and so what is “true” according to the first speaker is not the correct choice.

Sample Item : You will hear :*

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP M2 : What had the man assumed about Judy?

You will read :

(A)She wouldn’t take the course.

(B)She had already completed that course.

(C)She was busy studying economics.

(D)She wouldn’t find economics difficult.

A B C D

The man is surprised that Judy’s is in economics class because he thought that she had decided not to take the course. Therefore, he had obviously assumed that Judy was not going to take the course before he spoke to the woman.

The second speaker in a dialog sometimes asks about what the first speaker says. The third speaker then asks what the second speaker wanted to know.

Sample Item :

You will hear :*

F1 : Professor Petrakis said that Mark Twain was his favorite writer. M1 : When did he say that?

M2 : What does the man want to know?

You will read :

(A)When Mark Twain lived.

(B)What the professor said about Mark Twain.

(C)When the professor made his remark.

(D)What books Mark Twain wrote.

A B C D

The man asks when Professor Petrakis caled Mark Twain his favorite author.

Two question phrases that may give you trouble are What....for? and How come....?

Both mean Why....?

EXERCISE 8

Focus : Answering questions about dialogs involving contradictions, assumptions, and questions.

Direction : Listen to the following dialogs. Decide which one of the answer choices – (A), (B), or (C)- is correct, and mark the appropriate answer. The first one is done as an example.

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1. _____(A) Ginny is definitely coming to

dinner

_____(B) Ginny likes fish better than chicken.

_____(C) Ginny lkes chicken.

2. _____(A) She had already moved.

_____(B) She hadn’t found a new apartment yet.

_____(C) She’d already made an appointment.

3. _____(A) What the man’s name is.

_____(B) Who told the man to see the dean. _____(C) Who the dean is.

4. _____(A) He wants to take part in the

election.

_____(B) He’s not interested in running for office.

_____(C) He wants to get more facts from the president.

5. _____(A) She couldn’t type very fast.

_____(B) She had already finished the final draft.

_____(C) She hadn’t completed the research.

6. _____(A) He doesn’t really like horse back riding.

_____(B) He rides horses whenever possible.

_____(C) He doesn’t talk about riding very much.

7. _____(A) When his insurance agent called.

_____(B) What his insurance agent wanted.

_____(C) What time he should return the call.

8. _____(A) He was working full-time. _____(B) He was eating in the cafetaria.

_____(C) He didn’t want a job.

9. _____(A) When they returned. _____(B) How long their hike was. _____(C) Where they did.

10._____(A) He thinks the clothes are

expensive.

_____(B) He doesn’t think the clothes are very nice.

_____(C) He thinks the woman is being unreasonable.

11._____(A) Where the meeting will be

held.

_____(B) When the meeting will

14._____(A) All the Ted’s answers were

incorrect.

_____(B) Most of the problems were done correctly.

_____(C) Ted doesn’t heve to solve the problems.

16._____(A) Robin’s brother didn’t get a

job.

_____(B) Robin didn’t get a job. _____(C) Robin was able to help her brother.

17._____(A) The flashlight had needed

batteries.

_____(B) There had been some other problem with the flaslight. _____(C) The woman hadn’t changed the batteries.

18._____(A) Professor Brennon surely

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Listening IV/Nur Hidayanto PSP start.

_____(C) Where the recreation center will be built.

12._____(A) Joy did not want to study

abroad.

_____(B) The overseas program had been canceled.

_____(C) Joy would study overseas sooner than next year.

13._____(A) If the party was at Ben’s

house.

_____(B) What time the party ended. _____(C) If the man enjoyed the party.

19._____(A) Why Steve is in the Pacific

Northwest.

_____(B) How long Steve has been travelling.

_____(C) When Steve will return from his trip.

20._____(A) It hadn’t been released yet.