Textbook ARS 104 TEXTBOOK 1 W04 METODE PERANCANGAN

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 ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ U˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ;˜ P˜ ˜ ˜ *˜ U˜ F˜ ˜ ˜ )˜ (˜À ˜ ˜ ˜ ŝ˜ ˜ ˜ (;˜ L˜ /˜ *˜ )=˜ ˜ )˜ /˜ ˜ )˜ · * ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ )˜ SĹ˜ {”˜ ʄ˜˜˜˜)˜ ˜ ؘ )) ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜˜ ˜ €˜ ˜˜ ˜Ƃ ˜ ˜/˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ @* ˜ (˜ ˜ )*˜ (;˜ 4˜ ˜ ˜*˜˜(˜ ˜˜ˇ˜˜˜ )˜S˜ 4˜ ˜ ˜ ȯ*˜ ˜ ( ˜ (˜*(˜7˜*˜˜ɟ(˜ ˜”˜ (˜˜)˜*˜˜ S˜

A?(˜ , ˜ A,, ˜ ,;Ƭ˜ ǖA˜ ˜ ,˜ Ţ˜ \˜ #˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ /˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ |˜ {( ˜ (˜ 3˜ '#˜ ?˜3˜˜©ÖĽ˜

4˜ ˜ À˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ (˜ ˜ A˜ ˜ ˜ E˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ æ˜ Ā(˜ ȗȺJ(˜ (˜ ˜ À)À?˜ ;˜ L˜ ˜ ˜ ¤˜ (¤˜ @ *˜ µ˜ (? ˜ ˜ ( ˜ 3˜ '˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜? ˜˜˜˜˜˜O˜?˜ *˜ ˜˜˜˜ˈ*˜ʇ˜˜ Ƙ (˜ȘșŻO'˜ ˜ ˜*˜˜˜ ˜(˜(˜ D ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ʕ˜ ˜ (º˜ 4˜ /˜ ”˜ ˜ @ɩ ˜ ˜ ?˜ (˜ 3\˜ 4˜ ˜ ę3D ? ˜ =?˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ |(˜ 4;˜ĕ˜ Nj˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ /˜ ˜ ˜ (˜ P(˜ (˜ '˜ |#˜ {)˜˜H˜˜7˜ ˜˜'˜'˜˜A#ʥÖ˜Ĵ 4˜ ?˜ 3˜ A˜ @˜?˜ ˜ ˜ /¤ɏ?˜ 3˜ '˜ ?˜ (˜ ?˜ ˜ ˜ (˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ 3˜ ˘ ˜(¤?˜3;˜L#˜A˜A˜-˜#\#ȅ˜ ˜˜*˜˜ ˜ ˜˜ ˜ ˜˜\˜'˜''˜\(”˜ ŗ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ '(º˜ L'˜ ˜ ü› (˜˜˜WR˜ ˜ ˜ ˜('˜ A˜ \¤˜ ##˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ *Eʦ˜ JƠ˜ 'J˜ ##˜ · ˜˜˜˜˜˜\˜˜À˜/(˜( ˜¤¤˜ ?˜ ˜˜˜((˜ ˜ (˜ ˜˜ Ź'Ď ź˜ ˜(˜˜ (˜ ˜7;˜

ý˜ 3˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ (˜ ˜ 8\› )˜ ˜ ˜ (?;˜ 4?'˜ Ō\˜ '˜ › ˜ ˜ ?˜ /˜ ˜ ˜ 7˜ #7 ¤¤˜ ˜ '#˜ 3 ˜ '˜ ˜ À(?˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ §˜€Ĵ

@ĴĴĴĴ%ĴĴ$Ĵ-Ĵ Ĵ$Ĵ =-Ĵ $Ĵ Ĵ%Ĵ+$Ĵ Ĵ 0Ĵ Ĵ >+Ĵ ¢+AĴ6Ĵ …$Ĵ ?ģ-Ĵ eĴ 0Ĵ 2Ĵ _Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ %Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ĐĴ %AĴ•Ĵ ]ąĴ 2Ĵ ā$|Ĵ uĴ 2Ĵ K&lÄĴ K Ĵ' $' ' ' %

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g$Ĵ Ĵ %Ĵ 2Ĵ >Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ AĴ á_+%Ĵ +Ĵ -Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ %Ĵ %Ĵ Ĵ %a Ĵ l|l(l-Ĵ KĴ KĴ ÉĴ @>Ê Ĵ %Ĵ ÅĴ -Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ +%Ĵ 3Ĵ„a +Ĵ ĆĴ Ĵ Ĵ CĴ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ %Ĵ ŒĴ $¿Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ >Ĵ %Ĵ 2Ĵ Ĵ ê AĴ

Ĵ 0Ĵ Ĵ AĴ6Ĵ cĴ %¯Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ĴĴ ĴĴĴ Ĵ-Ĵ Ĵ"(ĴĴĴĔ ı 3ċÕĴ 62Ĵ ?fĴ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ "Ĵ 2Ĵ "Ĵ Ĵ vĴ 2Ĵ 3bĴ 6Ĵ]Ĵ ĴĴ Ĵ ĴĴ$´Ĵ

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Ĵ5ßĴ TĴĴ$ĴĴ Ĵ $ Ĵ ĴPĴ ĴĴ ĴĴĴĴĴĴĴ Ĵ YĴ Ĵ $-Ĵ Ĵ "HĴ Ĵ ĒMĴ Ĵ %MĴ 2Ĵ 3Ĵ6Ĵ Ĵ ]"Ĵ Ĵ 2Ĵ Ĵ $Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ª-Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ %Ĵ %Ĵ %Ab€Ĵ cĴ 0Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ 2Ĵ ĴĊĴ ĴĴËĴ

ÙĴ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ %Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ĴĴĴĴMĴĴĴ"Ž0ĴĴĴ0Ĵ ĴYĴĴ$ĴĴAĴ?MĴĴĴĴĴĴĴ$Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ "Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ MĴ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ µ Ĵ"ĴĴĴĴĴ%ĴĴĴĴĴ (Ĵ"Ĵ"Ĵ-ĴĴ$ÌĴ 6Ĵ -Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ "Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ "Ĵ Ĵ YMĴ Ĵ Ĵ $Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ 3‘•Ĵ ØĴ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ĴĴĴ Ĵ ¬Ĵ Ĵ AĴ

ĴĴ.ĴĴ Œ¸dĴ ĴĴ ĴĴ. Ĵ ĴĴ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ .Ĵ Ĵ *7Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ;;;Ĵ

;Ĵ˜Ĵ †.Ĵ Ĵ ;Ĵ– Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ÀĴ *Ĵ .Ĵ Ĵ .Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ;Ĵ6Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ <Ĵ 6*Ĵ ?7BDYO>]KO]BH7=>MY7;[]K?] W@>] ?KOF] D>7=U]=BO>;WD\] WK]z¤*ĴzBH

6Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ †.Ĵ 7 Ĵ 7Ĵ *Ĵ *.7µ Ĵ fĴ 7W ;Ĵ„.Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ;Ĵ6*Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ .* Ĵ Ĵ * **Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ7ĴĴ7.*Ĵ Ĵ*Ĵ* Ĵ Ĵ BSSĴ6*Ĵ *Ĵ EĴ *JĴ JĴ Ĵ *Ĵ 7 Ĵ Ĵ . Ĵ Ĵ *Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ĴĴ$ Ĵ ;Ĵ6ĴgFJĴĴ *Ĵ JĴFĴ Ĵ Ĵ .Ĵ $Ĵ ;S“Ĵ 6Ĵ 8 fĴ *Ĵ {*Ĵ *.Ĵ . Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ .*Ĵ *BSÒĴ 6Ĵ Ĵ ..Ĵ 7Ĵ Ĵ 6.¶ .ĴĴ Ĵ7=Ĵ 3S”Ĵg$*Ĵ *Ĵ*. *Ĵ.Ĵ *..Ĵ 7Ĵ Ĵ –[Ĵ *Ĵ *Ĵ Ė * Ĵ *$*Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ĴJĴĴĴĴ.;SĴÛ* Ĵ .Ĵ Ĵ .* Ĵ Ĵ 7Ĵ .7*Ĵ * Ĵ Ĵ * Ĵ Ĵ JĴ Ĵ Ĵ *. Ĵ Ĵ *Ĵ Ĵ :Ĵ 7Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ FĴ ­ ..Ĵ *7*Ĵ Ĵ ..fĴ Ĵ Ĵ ;Ĵ87Ĵ Ĵ 7Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ $*.Ĵ *Ĵ $*JĴ Ĵ *$Ĵ .Ĵ .7Ĵ JĴ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ 7.Ĵ *Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ ø Ĵ ..ĴĴĴBĴh*Ĵ Ĵ .ĴĴ .Ĵ Ĵ JĴ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ .JĴ Ĵ ..Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ă"Ĵ Ĵ*Ĵ Ĵ ĴĴĴ Ĵ ĴFQ;Ĵ

ÜĴĴĴĴ Ĵ Ĵ=* Ĵ7Ĵ z ;Ĵ6*ĴĴ .Ĵ 7Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ .Ĵ 7Ĵ Ĵ *Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ =.Ĵ Ĵ $.;ĴÝ@ Ĵ $†*Ĵ Ĵ $Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ @Ĵ $Ĵ ;Ĵ8Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ $..Ĵ Ĵ Ĵ *Ĵ *Ĵ =.Ĵ 7Ĵ *..a ùEĴ %;Ĵ

˜ ˜ "˜ U)S˜ Ú˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ S˜ 4˜ !<˜ ˜ "˜ "H˜ ˜ !˜ ˜ 7—"˜ "˜ ˜ @˜ !H<˜ !˜ <˜ ˜ S˜ P˜ ˜ !H˜ ˜ ˜˜!˜˜7H"_˜*˜˜˜˜ )"Ɣ ˜

97=ZbNb R(b DI@NNb Nb@=R/=U@UNb IR(Jb R*=b /=RJ8/RR>Rb

˜)˜˜˜ʧ˜!)˜˜7!/˜ ˜ ˜ )И ˜ ˜ !˜ !<@S˜ þ˜ ˜ !˜ ˜Ȱ˜ ˜ ˜ !˜ ˜ )!˜ HHƕU˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ 7"˜ ˜ ˜ )˜H˜ ˜ "˜ S˜

W˜˜ ˜˜ Ÿ˜ ]Y˜)˜ ğ˜)˜ )˜

HH*˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ )˜ !˜/˜ !˜ ˜ ° ))˜ )˜ !)˜ " ˜ ˜ ʳS˜ p˜ ˜ !˜ !H*˜ <<˜ <˜ "˜ ˜ ˜ !!˜ !< ˜ ˜ !˜ ˜ <˜ !˜ ˜ ˜ *˜ ˜ !é !!˜ ˜ ˜ !˜ !˜ ˜ ˜ "˜ )!Q?ƺ˜ )<!<˜)˜ÇS˜

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˜ ĉ˜ ˜ ˜ @˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ $˜ W˜ ˜ ˜ *˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ $˜ | ˜ ˜ ˜ U˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ =˜ $˜ L˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜

hā˜ů˜ÐÐŧE˜ EFFā˜9[]F.˜ Eħɐ.FF˜ȥ˜ħ˜ ħā˜ ᘠ˜ā˜

˜˜ ˜ *˜ ˜ ˜ ˜˜ ˜ ˜ ;˜

|˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ U˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ H˜ ˜ ĩ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜*˜ ˜˜ ˜˜˜*˜˜˜ Đ˜ W˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ Ȧ˜ ˜ *˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ť˜ *˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ * ˜ ĉ˜ ˀ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ *˜˜ /˜ $˜ Ĝ˜ ˜ ˜ Œ˜ ˜*˜ ˜ *$˜ ³˜˜˜˜*˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ /˜ ˜ ˜ D ;˜ P˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ H˜ ȧ ˜ D ˜ *˜ ˜ ˜ H˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ /˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ƻ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ *˜ *˜ * ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜˜ ˜ ˜˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ Ń˜ 7ů˜ ˜ —˜ ˜ ˜ t)˜ ˜ ˜ ) ˜ Ę˜ )˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜H*˜H9U˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜˜ ˜79˜˜;ļõ˜

W˜˜˜(˜(˜ ,˜ ˜+ ,R˜,ɠ+˜˜˜ +&˜ (˜ ˜+ ˜˜ ;˜ W(˜ Œ˜˜˜ ˜˜ ˜ (;˜ ň+˜˜ɶ˜˜˜˜ ă ˜+˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ +˜ ˜ ˜ +&˜ ˜ +˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ + R˜

]ɷk˜+Šžơ˜Ú˜˜Ð!¿ĀŨŨæ˜!!' !' "!' !!'

˜ ˜ ˜ ˜5= + ˜ (˜ ˜ +˜ +;˜ {˜

(˜˜(˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ +˜˜+&˜ ˜ ˜/˛˜ ˜ +˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ +;˜ 4˜ ˜ *˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ +˜ ˜ + Ƙ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ +˜ ˜˜ )˜ ˜ ɸ ˜ ˜+˜˜˜+ ˜˜ *˜˜+˜˜+;˜

4˜/˜˜+˜˜7˜ +&˜?Ĵ˜˜˜˜

_˜ ˜ ++˜ +˜ Šž‹˜ 4˜ ‚/˜ f˜ (˜˜˜˜+˜˜ ˜*˜(;˜ 4˜ ˜ +˜ (+˜ +(˜ (˜ +(&˜ ˜ ˜ +˜ ˜ )˜ ˜ Ȇ)˜ ˜ (˜ )Š˜ u+˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ +˜ ˜ )˜ +˜ (˜ ˜ ˜ S˜ W)˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ +*˜ ˜ ˜ ˜˜( Ę˜ *˜ +˜ ˜ ˜ ák+˜ ) ˜ )˜ &˜ ˜ +);˜ 4˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ )*˜+˜ ˜ ++S˜ I˜ +˜ ˜ +&˜ (˜ ˜ +*˜ ˜ áá+˜ Ā˜ ˜ Ā+˜ ˜ ;˜ ŏ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜˜+(˜˜+˜(˜+;˜

©˜ &˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ &˜ ˜ /+˜ )˜ (˜ ˜ ˜ ++&˜ (˜ ˜ ˜ (˜ ˜ *˜ +˜ ˜ … [˜ ˜ /˜ ˜ &˜ ˜(˜ ˜ ˜˜ ˜@˜+˜+˜ ;˜³˜˜˜ /˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ )+*ë˜ ˜ ˜ +*˜ ˜ ᘠ@;˜ I˜ Ǫ/+˜ +˜ ˜ &˜ ˜ *˜ ˜ ˜ ǫ+&˜ ˜

+ R˜86<] &˜ (˜ Ŝ+˜ ˜ /;˜

(˜ @*˜ (*S˜ ³˜ ˜ ˜ (˜ ˜ ˜ (”˜ F˜ ˜ R(˜ ī˜ ˜ (˜ ˜ ˜ )$˜ W(˜ ˜ F˜ ˜ ˜ *˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ Ǭ(˜ (˜ ˜ ˜˜ ˜˜)˜ī˜˜˜ $˜L˜˜˜˜

LV'b '="Lb ZJb LT/55b b VJR'Jb '="Lb Z@V5b b 8b

4'˜ ˜ (˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ )S˜ W(˜ *˜˜˜F˜(˜˜ ˜ ˜˜ ˜ ˜˜ F˜(Ö˜