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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITY
IN TEACHING SPEAKING VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’
CREATIVITY
(An Experimental Study at the Second Grade of SMA N 1 Madiun in the
Academic Year of 2013/2014)
THESIS
Written as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Obtaining
the Master Degree of English Education
SALIM SALIH IBRAHIM S891302050
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GRADUATE SCHOOL
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITY
IN TEACHING SPEAKING VIEWED FROM
STUDENTS’CREATIVITY
An Experimental Study at the Second Gradeof SMA N 1Madiun in the Academic Year of 2013/2014
THESIS
SALIM SALIH IBRAHIM S891302050
This thesis has been approved by the Consultants of the English Education Department, Graduate School of SebelasMaret University, Surakarta
On: August, 23th, 2014
The Head of English Education DepartmentGraduate Program, Teacher Training and EducationFaculty
SebelasMaret University
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iii
LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITY
IN TEACHING SPEAKING VIEWED FROM
STUDENTS’CREATIVITY
An Experimental Study at the Second Gradeof SMA N 1 Madiun in the Academic Year of 2013/2014
By:
SALIM SALIH IBRAHIM S891302050
This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of English Education Department of Graduate School of SebelasMaret University
On11 August2014
Board of Examiners: Signature
ChairpersonDra.DewiRochsantiningsih, M.Ed., Ph.D. (……….) NIP.19600918 198702 2001
Secretary Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum. (………..) NIP19740608 199903 1 002
Examiners 1.Dr. Ngadiso,M.Pd(………..) NIP. 196212311988031009
2. Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd. (………..) NIP. 195203071980031005
The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
The Head of English Education Department
Prof. Dr. M. FurqonHidayatullah,M.Pd NIP. 19600727 198702 1 001
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iv ABSTRACT
SALIM SALIH IBRAHIM, S891302050, 2014. The Effectiveness of Information Gap Activity to Teach Speaking Viewed from Students’ Creativity (An Experimental Research at the Second Gradeof SMA N 1 Madiunin the Academic Year of 2013/2014). Thesis. Surakarta. English Education Department of Graduate School, SebelasMaret University. 2013.
The objectives of this study are: (1) to reveal whetherInformation Gap Activity is more effective than Direct Instruction to teach Speaking; (2) to reveal whether students having high creativity have better speaking skill than those having low creativity; and (3) to reveal whether there is an interaction between teaching methods and the students’ creativityin teachingSpeaking.
The experimental research was conducted at SMA N 1 Madiun, from May to June 2014. The sample of the research was two classes; those weresocial science class-1 which was treated as experimental class taught by using Information Gap Activity and social science class-3 which was treated as control class taught by using Direct Instruction. Each of them consisted of 20 students. The instruments of collecting data were tests.They were creativity test and speaking test. The researcher analyzed the data using ANOVA or analysis of variance and Tukey test.
Based on the result of data analysis, the research findings are: (1) Information Gap Activity is more effective than Direct Instruction to teach speaking; (2) the students having high creativity have better speaking skill than those having low creativity; and (3) there is an interaction between teaching methods and students’ creativity in teaching speaking.
Finally the research findingsimply that Information Gap Activity is an effective method to teach speaking. The findings show that students who are taught using Information Gap Activity have better speaking skill than those who are taught using Direct Instruction Method, it recommended for English teachers to apply Information Gap Activity in teaching speaking class
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v
MOTTO
The root s of edu cat i on are bi t t er, bu t
t he f ru i t i s sweet .
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vi
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved mother and father
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PRONOUNCEMENT
This is to certify that I myself write this thesis entitled “The Effectiveness of
Information Gap Activity in Teaching Speaking Viewed from Students’
Creativity”. It is not a plagiarism or made by others. Anything related to other’s
work is written in quotation, the source of which is listed on the references.
If then this pronouncement proves incorrect, I am ready to accept any academic
punishment, including the withdrawal or cancellation of my academic degree.
Surakarta, 2014
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viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher praises to Allah Almighty, The Merciful Lord, for all the
blesses, strengths, and opportunities that this thesis can be well completed. In
doing this thesis, he has received a lot of suggestions from many people.
Therefore, he wishes to express his special deep gratitude and appreciation to the
following people:
1. Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatullah, M.Pd, the Dean of Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education of SebelasMaret University
2. Prof. Dr. Ir. Ahmad Yunus, MS., Director of Graduate School of Sebelas
Maret University Surakarta for the chance and facilities.
3. Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd, Head of English Education Department of Graduate
School of Sebelas Maret University Surakartaand also as the second
consultant, for the chance, guidance, advice, suggestion, motivation, and
criticism.
4. Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd, as the first consultant, for his support, guidance, advice,
and feedback for the researcher in finishing this thesis.
5. All of the lecturers of English Education Department of Graduate School of
Sebelas Maret University, for the knowledge given to the researcher.
6. The Principal of SMA N 1 Madiun, for his permission to the researcher to
conduct this research at the school.
7. The Second Grade Students of SMA N 1 Madiun, for participating in this
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8. His dearest parents for their caring, love, sincerity, and every single thing
they have done.
9. His colleagues who have given support.
10. All of the people who always support him everytime, thanks for everything.
The researcher invites comments and suggestions from the readers for
this thesis. The researcher hopes that this thesis will give an important
contribution to the development of English education.
.
Surakarta, 2014
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x Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE……...…..………i
APPROVAL SHEET ...ii
LEGITIMATING FOR BOARD OF EXAMINERS... iii
ABSTRACT... iv
LIST OF APPENDICES ...xiv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Problem Identification ... 3
C. Problem Limitation ... 3
D. Statement of the Problem ... 3
E. The Objective of the Study ... 4
F. The significance of the Study ... 4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ... 6
A. Speaking ... 6
1. Concept of Speaking ... 6
2. Aspect of Speaking ... 7
3. Problems in Speaking………...………..8
4. Assessing Speaking ... 9
5. Principles of Teaching Speaking ... 10
6. Types of Speaking Activity ... 14
7. Assessing Speaking………..………….…………19
B. Information Gap Activity ... 22
1. Concept of Information Gap Activity ... 22
2. Procedure in Applying Information Gap Activity ... 23
3. The Teacher’s Role in Information Gap Activity ... 26
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5. Disadvatages of Information Gap Activity ... 28
C. Direct Istruction ... 29
1. Concept of Direct Instruction ... 29
2. Procedure of Direct Instruction ... 30
3. Advantages of Direct Istruction ... 32
4. Disadvantages of Direct Istruction ... 33
D. Creativity... 33
1. The Definition of Creativity ... 33
2. Aspects of Creativity ... 34
3. Measuring Creativity ... 36
E. Review of Related Study ... 38
F. Rationale ... 41
1. The Differences Between Information Gap Activity and Direct Instruction ... 41
2. The Differences between Students Having High Creativity and Students Having Low Creativity ... 43
3. The Interaction between Teaching Methods and Creativity in Teaching Speaking ... 44
G. Hypothesis ... 46
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 47
A. The Method of Research ... 47
B. The Place and Time of Study... 48
C. Population, Sample, and Sampling ... 49
D. Technique of Collecting the Data ... 50
E. Technique of Analyzing the Data ... 51
F. Statistical Hypothesis ... 55
CHAPTER IV DATA PRESENTATION, AND DISCUSSION ... 57
A.The Description of the Data ... 53
B.Normality and Homogeneity Test... 62
C.Hypothesis Test ... 63
D.Tukey Test ... 64
E.Discussion of the Study ... 67
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION. A. Conclusion ... 76
B. Implication ... 76
C. Suggestion ... 77
REFERENCES ... 79
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Scoring Rubrics of Speaking Test ... 14
Table 3.1. Readability of Speaking Test ... 51
Table 3.2. Readability of Creativity Test ... 51
Table 3.3. Factorial design 2×2 ... 52
Table 4.1. Frequency Distribution of A1 ... 58
Table 4.2. Frequency Distribution of A2 ... 59
Table. 4.3. Frequency Distribution of B1 ... 60
Table. 4.4. Frequency Distribution of B2 ... 61
Table. 4.5. Frequency Distribution of A1B1 ... 62
Table. 4.6. Frequency Distribution of A1B2 ... 63
Table. 4.7. Frequency Distribution of A2B1 ... 64
Table. 4.8. Frequency Distribution of A2B2 ... 65
Table. 4.9. The Result of Normality Test ... 66
Table. 4.10. Result of Homogeneity Test ... 66
Table. 4.11. The Summary of ANOVA test ... 67
Table. 4.12. Table of the Mean Scores of Factorial design 2×2 ... 67
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure. 4.1. Histogram and Polygon of A1 ... 58
Figure. 4.2. Histogram and Polygon of A2 ... 59
Figure. 4.3. Histogram and Polygon of B1 ... 60
Figure. 4.4. Histogram and Polygon of B2 ... 61
Figure. 4.5. Histogram and Polygon of A1B1 ... 62
Figure. 4.6. Histogram and Polygon of A1B2 ... 63
Figure. 4.7. Histogram and Polygon of A2B1 ... 64
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xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Lesson Plan for Experimental Class ... 88
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan for Control Class ...107
Appendix 3 Scoring Rubrics of Speaking ... 124
Appendix 4 Blue Print of Speaking ... 125
Appendix 5 Instrument of Speaking Test ...126
Appendix 6 Readability and Result of Speaking Test ...127
Appendix 7 Instrument of Creativity Test ...128
Appendix 8 Readability and Result of Creativity Test ...130
Appendix 9 Tabulation of speaking and Creativity ...136
Appendix 10 Frequency Distribution ...139
Appendix 11 Normality Test ...147
Appendix 12 Homogeneity Test ...151
