THE REQUEST STRATEGIES USED BY THE STUDENTS OF SMP N 3 PATI GRADE IX
ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/ 2013
A THESIS
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master Degree in English
WELAS HADI SUSILO NIM S 200110028
GRADUATE PROGRAM OF LANGUAGE STUDY MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
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NOTE OF ADVISOR I Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D
Lecturer of Magister of Language Study Post Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Official note on Welas Hadi Susilo’s Thesis Dear
The Director of Graduate Program of Magister of Language Study of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Assalamu’alaikum Wr wb
Having read, examined, corrected, and necessarily revised towards the thesis of Name : Welas Hadi Susilo
NIM : S 200 110 028
Program : Magister of language Study Focus on : Pragmatics
Title : The Request Strategies Used by The Students of SMP 3 Pati Grade IX Academic Year 2012/ 2013
I access that the thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the Magister of Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, July 2013
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NOTE OF ADVISOR II Dra. Siti Zuhriyah Ar, M. Hum
Lecturer of Magister of Language Study Post Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Official note on Welas Hadi Susilo’s Thesis Dear
The Director of Graduate Program of Magister of Language Study of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Assalamu’alaikum Wr wb
Having read, examined, corrected, and necessarily revised towards the thesis of Name : Welas Hadi Susilo
NIM : S 200 110 028
Program : Magister of language Study Focus on : Pragmatics
Title : The Request Strategies Used by The Students of SMP 3 Pati Grade IX Academic Year 2012/ 2013
I access that the thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the Magister of Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, July 2013
The Requ
This thesis has been a examiners on :
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ADVISOR’S APPROVAL
This thesis entitled
equest Strategies Used by The Students of SMP Grade IX Academic Year 2012/ 2013
by
WELAS HADI SUSILO S 200110028
n approved by the advisors to be examined by th
Day : ……….. Date : ……….
P 3 Pati
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PRONOUNCEMENT
I am the writer of this thesis,
Name : WELAS HADI SUSILO NIM : S 200 110 028
Programme : Magister Pengkajian Bahasa (MPB) Focus on : Linguistics
Title : THE REQUEST STRATEGIES USED BY THE STUDENTS OF SMP N 3 PATI GRADE IX ACADEMIC YEAR 2012/2013
Certify that this thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely responsible for its contents. Otherwise, there are some other writer’s opinions for findings included in this thesis but they are quoted or cited in accordance with ethical standard. When there is an evidence that this thesis is a kind of plagiarism, I will accept the cancellation of my post graduate degree given by Muhammadiyah Surakarta University.
Surakarta, July 2013 Sincerely,
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
There’s a way if there’s a will
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to Allah SWT, the merciful and the beneficent, who has been blessing me with power and brain for being able to accomplish this greatest job in my life to do my thesis entitled “The Request Strategies Used by The Students of SMP 3 Pati Grade IX Academic Year 2012/ 2013” as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for my Master Degree in English. Greeting and invocation are presented to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, who has guided mankind to right path blessed by the Lord.
The writer realize it is imposible to finish writing the research paper without any help, support, encouragement, and advises from others. The writer would also like to express his deep gratitude to the following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Bambang Setiaji, M. Sc., The rector of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH. M. Hum., The Director of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum., the Head of Language Study Department, 4. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D. and Dra, Siti Zuhriah Ar, M. Hum., the advisors of
this thesis, for their helpful and sincere guidance, understanding, patience, and most importantly, their friendship during his post graduate studies at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
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6. All lecturers of Postgraduate of Language Program Studies who has patiently guided and helped him in preparing and finishing his study. 7. All librarians who have given permission to get privileges in using the
required references.
8. His father and his late mother for their everlasting love, care and support. 9. Special words of thanks also must be given to his family, beloved wife,
Suparti, S.Pd., beloved son, Revydo Dewandra Susilo, and beloved daughter, Steffania Diandra Susilo. Without their support, permission and patience, this thesis will have never been completed,
10. Sincere gratitude is also due to Akhmad Syaifuddin, S.Pd., his school principal, for giving him chance to study in English Studies of Post Graduate Programme, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
11. Finally but importantly, every special thanks is also due to the junior high school students of SMP 3 Pati, as the respondents of this study for their participation in finishing my thesis,
12. Last but not least those who cannot be mentioned one by one, who have supported him to fulfill his dream.
Finally, the researcher requires constructive suggestions for the progress of the next study. She hopes this research will be advantageous for leading to more inspiring researches.
ix ABSTRACT
Welas Hadi Susilo. S 200 110 028. 2013.The Request Strategies Used by The Students of SMP N 3 Pati Grade IX Academic Year 2012/ 2013. Thesis. Magister of Language Study. Faculty of Language Department. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Advisors: (1) Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D. (2) Dra, Siti Zuhriah Ar, M. Hum.
This study is socio-pragmatic study on Junior High School students in expressing request strategies. This study was conducted to answer the three research questions. They are (1) The strategy types used by the Students of Junior High School, (2) The contribution of social variables power, distance and gender to the choice of request. This study was a descriptive study by using qualitative approach.
Subjects of this study were twenty males and twenty females of SMP N 3 students in Pati. Data for this study is elicited from the respondents through the Discourse Completion Test (DCT) which consisted of nine situations with different levels of status. The respondents in each group are then asked to write the expression of requests to complete the DCT. Their responses were collected to be analyzed based on the 8-level Trosborg’s categories, the 8-level scale scheme to determine the types of request strategies used by the respondents to describe the contribution of power, distance and gender to the choice of request strategies.
There were responses expressed by the students. The findings of the study showed that most of the respondents utilized Conventionally Indirect (hearer-oriented condition) in the form of ability/willingness/ permission, followed by Direct request in the form of imperatives, Conventionally Indirect (speaker-based condition) in the form of needs/demands, and indirect request. It was also found that the more familiar the interlocutors each other the more direct strategies the respondents applied.
In conclusion the students of SMP N 3 Pati mostly used conventionally indirect strategies (hearer-oriented condition) to make requests according to the power status, social distance, and gender between the interlocutors.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ………...……... NOTE OF ADVISOR I ………...…... NOTE OF ADVISOR II ………... ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ………... STATEMENT ………... TESTIMONIAL STATEMENT ………... MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...…….……...…... ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………...…....……... ABSTRACT …………...………... TABLE OF CONTENT ………...………... LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... LIST OF TABLES ... LIST OF DIAGRAMS ... LIST OF APPENDICES ...
i ii iii iv v vi vii ix x xiii xv xvi xviii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ………...………...………... B. Reason for Choosing the Topic ……...……...……... C. Problem Statements ………...…...……... D. Objectives of the Research ………...………... E. Benefits of the Study ………...……... F. Scope and Limitation of the Research ……...……...…...
1 4 6 6 7 7 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND UNDERLYING
THEORY ... A. Review of Previous Study on Requests …....…...……... B. Underlying Theory ... 1. Speech Acts ………...…...…... 2. Speech Acts Classification ……....………...…... 3. Speech Acts of Requests …………...……... 4. Form and Function of Requests ……...…... 5. Request Strategies ………....…………...
a. Indirect Request (Hints) ...………... b. The two types of Indirect Strategies ……...
1) Conventionally Indirect Strategies (Hearer-Oriented Condition) ...
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2) Conventionally Indirect Strategies (Speaker-based Condition) ... c. Direct and Indirect Request Strategies ….…... d. Social Context of Indirect Strategies ... e. Power ...………...……... f. Social Distance ... g. Language and Gender ... 6. Classification of Strategies ... C. Theoretical Framework ...
25 26 27 29 29 32 34 36
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ………...……...…... A. Research Method ………... B. Research Participants ... C. Instrument ………...……... D. Unit of Analysis ………...…... E. Data Coding ... F. Technique of Data Collecting on DCT ……... G. Technique of Data Analysis on DCT ……...
39 39 39 40 43 44 44 46
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ……..……... A. Types of Request Strategy …...…...………... 1. Request Strategies for the First Three Situations ... 2. Request Strategies for the Second Three Situations ... 3. Request Strategies for the Third Three Situations ... B. The Impact of Different Familiarities, Social Power, and
Gender on Request Strategies ...…...……..…... 1. The Impact of Different Familiarities on Request
Strategies …….……...………... 2. The Impact of Different Social Status on Request
Strategies …….………...………... 3. The Impact of Different Gender on Request Strategies .... C. Findings ... D. Discussion ...
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS ... A. The Types of Request Strategies Used by the Students of
Junior High School ... B. The Contribution of Distance, Power, and Gender to the
Choice of Request Strategies ... C. Research Limitation ... D. Suggestion for the Future Research ...
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123
125 127 128
BIBLIOGRAPHY ………...……….... APPENDIXES
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS L1 : First Language
L2 : Second Language
DCT : Discourse Completion Test
CCSARP : Cross Culture Speech Act Realization Project P : Power
+P : Positive power = P : Equal power -P : Neagtive power D : Distance
+ D : Positive distance = D : Equal distance -D : Negative distance
S1 to S9 : Situation 1 to Situation 9 Str : Strategy
MLE : Male Learners of English FLE : Female Learners of English 1 to 360 : DCT Number 1 to 360 C-L : Close Lower
xiv F-E : Familiar Equal
F-H : Familiar Higher UF-L : Unfamiliar Lower UF-E : Unfamiliar Equal UF-H : Unfamiliar Higher Hin : Hints
Abl : Ability/willingness/permission Sug : Suggestory Formula
Wis : Wishes/Desires Ned : Needs/demands Obl : Obligations Per : Performatives Imp : Imperatives MTM : Male To Male MTF : Male To Female FTF : Female To Female
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Result of Request Strategies Used by the students for the First Three Situations
Table 2 Result of Request Strategies Used by the students for the Second Three Situations
Table 3 Result of Request Strategies Used by the students for the Third Three Situations
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LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Diagram 1. Situation 1 Diagram 2. Situation 2 Diagram 3. Situation 3 Diagram 4. Situation 4 Diagram 5. Situation 5 Diagram 6. Situation 6 Diagram 7. Situation 7 Diagram 8. Situation 8 Diagram 9. Situation 9
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Discourse Completion Test (DCT) Appendix 2 Recapitulation of Responses
