ENGLISH MODULE
Modals
Compiled by: Theresia Riya Vernalita Herwanti, S.Pd
YAYASAN WIDYA BHAKTI
SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS SANTA ANGELA
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A. Kompetensi Inti (KI)
1. Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dianutnya
2. Menghayati dan mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, tanggungjawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerjasama, toleran, damai), santun, responsif dan pro-aktif dan menunjukkan sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta dalam menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia
3. Menganalisa fungsi sosial,struktur text procedure berbentuk manual dan dan kiat – kiat (tips),sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
4. Menangkap makna text procedure ,lisan dan tulis berbentuk manual dan kiat kiat (tips)
5. Menyunting text procedure berbentuk manual dan kiat kia (tip)s. Dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur text,dan unsur unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.
B. Kompetensi dasar dan indicator pencapaian kompetensi: Kompetensi Dasar (KD):
1.1. Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar Komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar
2.3. Menunjukkkan perilaku tanggung jawab, peduli, kerjasama, dan cinta damai, dalam melaksanakan Komunikasi fungsional
3.6. Menganalisa fungsi sosial,struktur text procedure berbentuk manual dan dan kiat – kiat (tips),sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
4.9. Menangkap makna text procedure ,lisan dan tulis berbentuk manual dan kiat kiat (tips).
4.26. Menyunting text procedure berbentuk manual dan kiat kia (tip)s. Dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur text,dan unsur unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks.
Conceptual Map
modal verbs
may polite request, formal permission, less than 50% certainty,
might less than 50% certainty, polite request (rare)
should advisibility, 90% certainty (expectation), mild obligation/advice
must strong necessity, prohibition, 95% certainty, deduction, obligation
will 100% certainty, willingness, polite request, prediction
can abillity, informal permission, informal polite request, impossibility (negatiive only)
could past ability, polite request, suggestion, less than 50% certainty, possibility in the past
would polite request, preference, repeated action in the past, polite for "want" (with like), unfulfilled wish
MODAL VERBS
No Auxiliary Uses Present/Future Past 1 May polite request, May I borrow your book?
formal permission You may leave the conference.
less than 50%
certainty He may be at his room. He may have been at his room. 2 Might less than 50%
certainty He might be at his room. He might have been at his room. polite request (rare) Might Iborrow your book?
3 Must strong necessity I must go to school today. I had go to school yesterday. prohibition You must not open the window.
95% certainty Mary isn’t his room. She must be busy. (present only)
Mary must have been busy yesterday. deduction They must be joking!
obligation You must buy the ticket before enjoy the concert.
4 Should advisability I should prepare the test tonight. I should have prepared the test last night, but I did not. 90% certainty
(expectation), She should do well on the test. (future only, not present)
She should have done well on the test.
mild
obligation/advice He said I should look at it everyday. 5 Will 100% certainty He will be here at 6.00
willingness The phone is ringing. I’ll get it. polite request Will you please pass the sugar? prediction It will be raining after this. 6 Can ability I can run fast.
informal permission You can use my car tomorrow. informal polite
request Can I borrow your key? Impossiblity
(negative only) That can’t be true! That can’t have been true! 7 Could past ability I could speak English when I was a
child. polite request, Could you help me?
suggestion I could talk to your teacher. I could have talked to your teacher less than 50%
certainty He could be at home. He could have been at home. Possibility in the past I could have been at home
yesterday. 8 Would polite request Would you please help me?
preference I would rather go to the market than mall. repeated action in
the past When I was a child I would visit the zoo near my hous every weekend. polite for "want"
(with like) I would like an apple, please.
unfulfilled wish I would like have liked a cookie, but there were none in the house.
A. Match the sentences 1-10 with the explanations a-j.
1. I think the test will be difficult tomorrow.
2. We couldn’t start the meeting before we prepared the materials well. 3. Yeah. I must remember to do my homework today.
4. You could try being nice to people. 5. May I ask you something?
6. Sally must have been strong facing all her problem. 7. I’ve prepared the material, but it might not perfect. 8. She could already speak English when she was six. 9. Would you please turn on the lamp?
10. They can finish their presentation well. a. Making prohibition
b. Asking for permission
c. Talking about a possible future event d. Expressing past prohibition
e. Talking about ability in the past f. Expressing an obligation
g. Making a deduction about the past h. Making a suggestion
i. Expressing polite request
j. Talking about ability in the present B. Circle the correct options.
1. We mustn’t / can miss the train, because it's the last one tonight. 2. I can / may go to the party but I’m not sure yet.
4. What do you think we could/ should get Tom for his birthday? 5. John can/ could play tennis really well. He is champion of his club.
6. We can’t / couldn’t get to the meeting on time yesterday because the train was delayed by one hour.
7. He should / must be very intelligent and hard-working. He always gets good marks.
C. Circle the correct words.
1. Your tickets might have been / should have been collected yesterday. I’m afraid we have just sold them.
2. My car must have been / should have been stolen during the night. 3. I can’t find my wallet. It might have been / should have been taken.
4. All the lights must have been / should have been switched off before you left. How many times do I have to remind you?
5. Look out! We might have been / must have been hit by that car.
6. That chocolate cake should have been / can’t have been eaten already. It was huge!
D. Match each sentence to a sentence with the same meaning.
1. Jack must write a report tomorrow. 2. Jack couldn’t write it yesterday. 3. Jennifer says she can help him
tomorrow.
4. She has to help him, or the report will not be finished on time.
5. Jenifer’s boss says she may help Jack.
a. She needs to help him, or the report will not be finished on time.
b. Jennifer’s boss says she is allowed to help Jack.
c. Jack will have to write a report tomorrow.
d. Jennifer says she will be able to help him tomorrow.
e. Jack wasn’t able to write it yesterday.
E. Complete the sentences with the appropriate modal verb.
1. They________________be away for the weekend but I’m not sure. 2. That man ______________ be the French teacher. He teaches Math. 3. You ______________ tell anyone what I just told you. It's a secret. 4. The children ______________ be thirsty. They haven’t drunk for hours.
5. The children ______________ be tired already. We’ve only been walking for five minutes.
7. What a lot of lovely flowers you have! You _____________ really like gardening. 8. My mum said that I _____________ take a nap.
9. I´m not sure about Tom´s visit to Spain. It ______________ be in May or in June. 10. I ______________ eat too much cake or I’ll get fat!
F. Choose the correct modal verb.
1. _________ I have more cheese on my sandwich? a. Must
b. Could c. Would d. Have to
2. You _________ eat more vegetables. a. should
b. might c. may d. could
3. I _________ like to buy the same television for my house. a. could
b. must c. would d. have to
4. _________ I have a coffee please? a. Must
b. Have to c. May d. Would
5. You _________ smoke near children. a. have to
b. may c. shouldn't
d. couldn't
6. The passengers _________wear their seatbelts at all times. a. could
b. must c. can d. may
7. We _________ go to the concert if the rain stops. We don't know for sure. a. mustn't
b. might c. have to d. wouldn't
8. I _________ ice skate very well. a. can
b. may c. must d. should
9. The boys _________wake up earlier than 7:30 am. They have class at 8:00 am. a. would
b. can't c. could d. have to
10. The rock band _________play very well last year. Now they are much better. a. must
b. couldn't c. can d. should
G. Open the link bellow and do the exercises.
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/modal-verbs/certain-probable-or-possible
GLOSSARY
Clause a group of words, consisting of a subject and a finite form of a verb (the form that shows the tense and subject of the verb) which might or might not be a sentence .
Deduction A guess which is based on evidence Modal
(verb)
a verb, such as 'can', 'might' and 'must', that is used with another verb to express an idea such as possibility that is not expressed by the main verb of a sentence.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Puchta, H, et al. 2011. English in Mind (second edition). Cambridge: University Press.
Azar, B.S. 1989. Understanding and Using English Grammar (second edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
