Written as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Master Degree of English Education

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DIALOGUE JOURNALS: ENHANCING STUDENTS’

WRITING VIEWED FROM WRITING

APPREHENSION

(An Experimental Research at the Eighth Grade of SMP Ta’ Mirul Islam

Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2014/2015)

A THESIS

By

ARIANI ROSADI

S891308005

Written as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the

Master Degree of English Education

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ABSTRACT

Ariani Rosadi, S891308005, 2015. Dialogue Journals: Enhancing Students’ Writing viewed from Writing Apprehension” (an Experimental research at the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Ta’Mirul Islam Surakarta in the Academic year of 2014/2015).A Thesis. First Consultant: Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd; Second Consultant: Dr. SlametSupriyadi, M.Pd; English Education Department, Graduate Progam, Sebelas Maret University.

The aims of this research are to find out whether : (1) Dialogue Journals Method is more effective than Direct Instruction Method to teach writing; (2) The students having low writing apprehension have better writing skill than those having high writing apprehension; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching methods and students’ writing apprehension in teaching writing.

This experimental research was conducted at the eighth grade of SMP Ta’Mirul Islam Surakarta.The samples were two classes, one class as the experimental group and one as the control group. The number of the students in each class is 20 students. Cluster random sampling technique was administered in this research to select the sample.Data of the research were collected through writing test and writing apprehension questionnaires. The data were, then, analyzed by descriptive statistics to describe the research data and inferential statistics namely multifactor Analysis of Variance ANOVA 2x2 and Tukey test to test the hypotheses.

The findings of this research are: (1) Dialogue Journals Method is more effective than Direct Instruction Method to teach writing; (2) The students having low writing apprehension have better writing skill than those having high writing apprehension; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching methods and students’ writing apprehension in teaching writing. However, in the implementation of the method, a teacher must consider about the students’ level of writing apprehension. As proved in this research, writing apprehension influences the students’ writing skill. By considering students’ level of writing apprehension, a teacher can choose the method he/she uses properly in teaching writing to reduce writing apprehension in order to improve students’ skill in writing.

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MOTTO

“I wanna do something that matters, say something different,

something that sets the whole world on its ear, I wanna do something

better with the time I have been given and I wanna try to touch a few

heart in this life”

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DEDICATION

With deep profound love, this research is fully dedicated to:

My beloved parents Drs. H.Abdul Gani. HM and Hj.Naniek Fauziatin, S.Pd.

My lovely brothers Abang Ashadi, Abang Ahyar, and Abang Putra.

My husband- would-be

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researcher would like to acknowledge her countless gratitude to the

Most Gracious and the Most Merciful, Allah swt. In addition, there are many

individuals who have generously contributed in improving this thesis. So the

researcher would like to express her deep gratitude to the following people:

1. Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Sebelas Maret

University for the permission to write the thesis.

2. Head of English Education Department of Graduate Program for providing the

facilities to complete the thesis writing.

3. Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd, the first consultant for his guidance, advice, and

patience during the writing process of this thesis.

4. Dr. Slamet Supriadi, M.Pd, the second consultant for his guidance, advice, and

patience during the writing process of this thesis.

5. Head Master of SMP Ta’Mirul Islam Surakarta for the permission to conduct

the research.

6. Teahers of SMP Ta’Mirul Islam Surakarta, Ita Fatmawati, M.Pd dan Tina

Handayani, S.Pd for her help and cooperation during the research.

7. Eighth grade students of SMP Ta’Mirul Islam Surakarta in Surakarta in the

academic year of 2014/2015.

8. All friends and everyone who have helped the researcher in accomplishing this

thesis.

Hopefully, this thesis would give a positive contribution to the educational

development and the readers.

Surakarta, February 2015

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CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A.

Setting of Research ... 54

B. Research Method ... 54

1. Research Variable ... 54

2. Research Design ... 55

C. Population, Sample, and Sampling Technique... 56

1. Population ... 57

2. Sample ... 57

3. Sampling Technique... 57

D. Technique of Collecting Data... 58

1. Writing test ... 58

2. Writing Apprehension Questionnaire ... 61

E. Technique of Analyzing Data... 63

1. Descriptive Statistics ... 63

2. Inferential Statistic ... 64

F. Statistical Hypothesis ... 68

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. The Implementation of the Research ... 71

1. Initial Stage ... 71

2. Implementation stage ... 73

B. Data Description... 74

C. Inferential Statistics ... 81

D. Discussion of Findings ... 86

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ...94

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 General differences of teaching methods ... 42

Table 2.2 Indicators of Writing Apprehension... 48

Table 3.1 Time Schedule... 57

Table 3.2 Factorial Design 2x2... 58

Table 3.3 Scoring Rubric of Writing ... 62

Table 3.4 Readability of Writing Test ... 64

Table 4.1 The implementation of the research ... 75

Table 4.2 Frequency of Distribution of A1... 76

Table 4.3 Frequency of Distribution of A2... 77

Table 4.4 Frequency of Distribution of B1... 77

Table 4.5 Frequency of Distribution of B2... 78

Table 4.6 Frequency of Distribution of A1B1... 79

Table 4.10 Summary of Normality Test ... 83

Table 4.11 Summary of Homogeneity Test ... 84

Table 4.12 The result of Mean Score... 87

Table 4.13 Summary of Multifactors Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 2x2 ... 87

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LIST OF FIGURES

Table 4.1 Frequency of Distribution of A

1

... 76

2

... 77

Table 4.3 Frequency of Distribution of B

1

... 78

Table 4.4 Frequency of Distribution of B

2

... 79

1

B

1

... 80

1

B

2

... 81

2

B

1

... 82

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Syllabus

...

108

Appendix 2 Lesson plan of Experimental Class ... 118

Appendix 3 Lesson plan of Control Class ... 139

Appendix 4 Instrument of Writing Apprehension Questionnaire ... 160

Appendix 4.1 Blueprint of Writing Apprehension Questionnaire ... 160

Appendix 4.2 Instrument of Writing Apprehension Questionnaire (tryout)... 161

Appendix 4.3 Validity of Writing Apprehension Questionnaire ... 166

Appendix 4.4 Calculation of Validity of Writing Apprehension Questionnaire .. 170

Appendix 4.5 Reliability of Writing Apprehension Questionnaire ... 172

Appendix 4.6 Calculation of Reliability of Writing

Apprehension Questionnaire... 175

Appendix 4.7 Valid instrument of Writing Apprehension Questionnaire ... 176

Appendix 5 Writing test ... 178

Appendix 5.1 Blueprint of Writing test... 178

Appendix 5.2 Instrument of Writing Test ... 179

Appendix 5.3 Rubric Scoring of Writing test ... 180

Appendix 5.4 Readability of Writing Instruction ... 182

Appendix 6 Readability result Writing Test ... 183

Appendix 7 Students’ Writing Apprehension score... 184

Appendix 7.1Students’ Writing Apprehension score of Experimental Class ... 184

Appendix 7.2 Students’ Writing Apprehension score of Control Class ... 185

Appendix 8 Writing Scores... 186

Appendix 8.1 Post Test Students’ Writing Scores of Experimental Class (A

1

) ... 186

Appendix 8.2 Post Test Students’ Writing Scores of Control Class (A

2

)... 187

Appendix 9 Students’ writing Apprehension and Writing Scores ... 188

Appendix 9.1 Students’ writing Apprehension and Writing Scores of (A

1

)... 188

Appendix 9.2Students’ writing Apprehension and Writing Scores of (A

2

)... 189

Appendix 10 Descriptive Statistics ... 190

Appendix 11 Normality Test... 198

Appendix 12 Homogeneity Test ... 206

Appendix 13 ANOVA 2x2 Multifactor Analysis Variance... 207

Appendix 14 Result of Tukey Test ... 208

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Appendix 18 Table of Chi Square Distribution ( Homogeneity )... 212

Appendix 19 Table of Critical Values for F distribution ... 213

Appendix 20 Table of Critical Values for Tukey Test... 214

Appendix 21 Example of Students’ writing... 216

Appendix 22 Pictures of Students’ activity... 219

Appendix 23 Letter of Research Permission... 220