MATERI BIMTEK PUBLIKASI ILMIAH DR. NIZAR

(1)

A Workshop on

How to Write

Scientific

Publication

By Dr. Achmad Nizar Hidayanto Faculty of Computer Science Universitas Indonesia

(2)

Biography

 Name : Achmad Nizar Hidayanto

 Position : Coordinator of IS/IT Stream, Fasilkom UI

 Education : S1 – S3, in Computer Science, Univ. Indonesia

 Interests : e-commerce, e-government, knowledge management, enterprise systems, IT management, and information systems in general.  Editorial Board:

 International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, Inderscience

Publisher

 Jurnal Sistem Informasi, ITS  Jurnal Sistem Informasi, UI

 Jurnal Pekommas, BBPPKI Makassar, Kominfo

 Reviewer:

 International Journal of Industrial Management and Data Systems (Emerald

Insight)

 Entropy (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

 Knowledge Management and e-Learning (The University of Hongkong)  International Journal of Innovation and Learning (Inderscience)

 International Journal of Management in Education (Inderscience)

(3)

Purpose

The purpose of this workshop is to describe and practice writing a scholarly paper.

1.I will introduce the importance of topic

selection

2.I will explain the importance of writing

papers in high quality journals

3.I will explain the main points that need to

(4)

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO

SELECT A GOOD RESEARCH

(5)

 A good topic is a key for international publication!!

 Although you write your paper very well,

if the topic is not good, your effort will be useless

(6)

What should we do to get

insight of a good topic?

 Read, Read and Read…

 Knows good journals and conferences in your research area

 For example (in my research area)

 IS/IT top conferences:

 Top conferences:

 IS/IT: ICIS, ECIS, AMCIS, PACIS, ACIS, MCIS, HICSS, etc.  CS: VLDB, ICDE, SIGKDD, etc.

 Top IS/IT journals:

 MIS Quarterly, Computer in Human Behavior, Journal

of Management Information Systems, etc

(7)

Criteria for a good research

topic

 A good research topic should be:

 Feasible (can be done)

 Interesting (up-to-date, wider audience, etc)  Novel

 Ethical

 Relevant (has an implication)

(8)

Criteria for a good research

topic

 Example of interesting issues in my area:

 social media, cloud computing, outsourcing, big

data, global software development, internet of things, mobility, e-health (medical informatics), etc.

 Could you mention interesting topics in your

(9)

How to assess the novelty of your

research?

 Do systematic literature review

 To obtain the state of the art

 See the position of your work among

others

 Is your work just repeating other

researcher’s work? Technolo_gy

Adoption

Technology characteristi

cs

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

PRISMA 2009 Checklist (3)

(14)

PRISMA 2009 Checklist (4)

Present the main results of the review. If meta-analyses are done, include for each, confidence intervals and measures of consistency

(15)

(16)

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO

PUBLISH IN HIGH

(17)

 Publish or perish

 Greater visibility of research findings  Increase chances of citations

 Greater recognition among peers

 Associated benefits such as promotions, productivity allowances, etc

(18)

 Work of established scientists  Results of general interest

 Novelty of findings

 Concise and well written

Which Manuscript are Published in

High

(19)

 Concise but powerful  Story like

 To the point

 Free from grammatical and stylistic errors

 Recognizing contributions of others  Technically correct

(20)

Deciding the Journal for

Publishing

 Aim high- Go for first tier journals if you have time

and temperament to write a good manuscript.

 Decide the target journal before writing or drafting

the article.

 Prefer those journals which publish similar work or

the journal articles you are citing for your work.

 If you think that your competitor is ahead of you,

(21)

Deciding the Journal for

Publishing

 How to find the impact factor and rank for a journal?

 Journal Citation Report (JCR) Impact Factor – ISI

Thompson (beware of another ISI impact used by predatory journals)

 SCI, SSCI, SCIE, ESCI

 SJR – Scopus

 Journal List from reputable organization (ERA

(22)

Deciding the Journal for

Publishing

 Example Scopus Ranking based on SJR

(23)

 Example Scopus Ranking based on SJR

(24)

(25)

Deciding the Journal for

Publishing

 Do all journals charge publishing fee to authors?  NO!!!

 Reputable publishers (IEEE, Elsevier, Springer, Palgarve, etc.) usually offer two options to authors: open access vs non open access

 If we choose an open access mode, we have to pay some money to publisher

 Some publishers also offer open access mode with free of charge (usually affiliated with university)

 Knowledge Management & E-Learning (KMEL), Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research

(26)

 Recommended publishers for

beginner(free publishing fee and easier to accept)

 Inderscience  IGI Global

(27)

Points to be Considered before

Publishing



Targeted audience



Prestige of journal and your own institution



Access (open access/ subscribed)

 availability free of charge on the World Wide Web  On payment



Impact factor of the journal



Probability of acceptance

(28)

(29)

(30)

Writing is a critical step in

science although scientists are

not trained to write.

(31)

Key to Writing Skills

 _{The path to writing well is to read excellent}

writers and write…….and write…and write.

 _{“Free write” your thoughts. Don’t worry about}

structure initially.

 _{Use the best paper in your field as a template}

and try to convert your free write-up into a formate.

 _{Keep writing concise, dynamic and simple in}

construction.

 _{Convey enthusiasm in your writing so it attract}

(32)

When to Write a Draft of

Manuscript?



_{Best practice-}

_{Prepare the figures and write}

the draft as the experiment is progressing



_{Second Best practice- Write the first draft at a}

meeting where work is first presented. The

experiment will be fresh in mind and free

time in the evenings may be sufficient to

write a draft.



_{Alternatively, the script of a seminar can}

often be used as a starting draft.



_{The worst practice-}

_{to write a paper after you}

(33)

Divide and

Conquer!!!!!!!

 Divide and work on...

 Eat an elephant bit by bit

 If you get stuck on a particular section, just skip to a different section that is easiest to write.

 It means the easiest first and the most difficult

(34)

Four Questions of Manuscript

Writing

What is the? INTRODUCTION

What did you do? METHODS What did you find? RESULTS

(35)

Structure of a

 Title, key words and abstracts are used for

(36)

Title- The Backbone of an

Article

Examples:

Good Title: The Natural Product Cyclomarin Kills

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis by Targeting the

ClpC1 Subunit of the Caseinolytic Protease (online article in Angewandte Chemie International, 11 May 2011)

Bad Title: Anti-Tuberculosis agent Cyclomarin.

It indicates content and main discoveries and attracts the readers attention.

It decides whether article is worth reading or will get attention of the readers.

(37)

Attractive and

Catchy Title –

makes reader

going through

the

article for sure

Graphics plays

an important

role in

catching the

(38)

 Most published articles are not cited- the title play a vital role

 Construction of an article title has a significant impact on citation frequency.

 By a study conducted by Thomas S. Jacques and Neil J. Sebire* there was a strong association

between increasing title length and citation rate.

*J R Soc Med Sh Rep 2010;1:2. DOI 10.1258/shorts.2009.100020

(39)

Reason:

 Electronic searches are now preferred over other means, which includes SciFinder, PubMed, Web of Sceince, Google Scholar, etc.

 These searches are based on the title or key word .

 Longer, comprehensive titles are more likely to contain given search terms.

 Therefore the title should provide clear description, finding of study

*J R Soc Med Sh Rep 2010;1:2. DOI 10.1258/shorts.2009.100020

(40)

Nature’

s style -

Manuscript Formatting Guide

Titles

 Titles do not exceed two lines in print.  Titles do not normally include numbers,

acronyms, abbreviations or punctuation.

 They should include sufficient detail for indexing purposes but be general enough for readers

outside the field to appreciate what the paper is about.

(41)

 Should be informative, indicative and reflects the

main ‘story’ of the article.

 The only chance you have to get the reader’s

attention.

 Should be crisp, concise and accurate.

 Gives the quick idea of the contents (Stand alone).  What and how was done

 Provide a brief conclusions

 I generally write abstract at the end

 The detailed information must be present in the body text, not in abstract.

Abstract-

Most Critical Part of

(42)



IMRaD formula (will discuss

IMRaD

structure- Writing a

draft

I

ntroduction---

What is the?

M

aterials and methods/experimental

procedures--

What did you do?

R

esults--

What did you find?

a

nd

D

iscussion--

What does it mean?

Huth EJ. Writing and Publishing in Medicine, 3rd_{ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1999.}

Skeleton of an Article-Continued

(44)

 < 2% readers actually cite your article

 And among these < 2% approximately 98%

reader just read the introduction

 Brief background information of the current study  Focused

 Integrated review of pertinent work  Updated literature citation

 Should not be too long

 Importance of current study/advancement needed/summary of new findings

Introduction-

Setting the

(45)

 Ask question to yourself that why should anyone read your

paper amongst the 1000’s appearing that month?

Create-A-Research-Space

 Identify research question and define key constructs

 Explain why the research question is important (researchers

and/or practitioners) i.e. advancing understanding

 Describe setting

 Recognize issues raised in the existing literature

 Identify contribution

 Capture your audience. Why is your experiment important?

 Introduce the structure of the paper

Avoid comprehensive review, self citations, etc

(46)

Example of Introduction

“Recently, there has been a shift in the internationalization literature, from the strategic (e.g., diversification), ……to sensemaking theories which contend that a firm’s success in international markets is tied to managerial mindsets-the lens through which top managers view the environment and make decisions...Despite its importance, several gaps persist in research on sensemaking in internationalization. First, ……. Second,…..Finally,……We address these important gaps by developing and testing an integrated sensemaking model that ties domestic mindset of top managers to international industry conditions and early international performance………We theorize that …The fit between the international industry conditions and domestic mindsets of top managers will maximize early international performance..

Theoretically, our results extend previous literature in two

(47)

Example of Introduction

(Bowen & Wiersema, 2005)

“For over 30 years the topic of corporate diversification strategy has been a central focus of strategy research. Despite the

importance of this topic, few studies

consider the fundamental question of how corporate diversification strategy evolves in response to changes in a firm’s business

(48)

Example of Introduction

(Bowen & Wiersema, 2005)

“This paper seeks to fill this important gap,

and to contribute to the literature on corporate diversification strategy, by providing a

theoretical framework and thorough empirical examination of how the hostile competitive conditions engendered by foreign-based competition in a firm’s core business

(49)

Example of Introduction

(Bowen & Wiersema, 2005)

“Our theoretical framework utilizes both transaction cost theory and resource-based theory to formulate predictions about a firm’s strategic response, in terms of the extent and nature of its diversification, to

competition from foreign-based firms. Transaction cost theory (Williamson, 1985)……….

Our empirical analysis of these theoretical predictions of a firm’s response to foreign-based competition

contains several novel elements………our

(50)

Material and Methods

 Write the methods section first because it is the easiest to

write.

 Provide enough details for competent researchers to repeat

the experiment (Who, What, When, Where, How, and Why?)

 Start writing when experiments still in progress

 Sufficient information must be provided for reproducibility  Study design-new methods must be described in detail  Supplies, manufacturer, country needs to be added

 Animal, human, protections details  Measurements/ instruments

 Statistical analysis and data collection

 Descriptive subheadings– general experimental methods,

(51)

(52)

(53)

 Use descriptive headings that concisely

state the results.

 Data representation-concise and accurate.

 Short and easy to understand

 Consistent with the abstract and

introduction

 Give tables and figures where needed

 With sufficient information so that minimum text

is required.

 Don’t repeat information in graphics and text.

(54)

 Appropriate numbering of figures and table mentioned in the text.

 Use significant figures where required.  Avoid speculations and over discussion.

 Avoid using words such as proves, confirmed, removed all doubts, etc. Remember science is dynamic and ever changing.

(55)

(56)

(57)

Discussion



_{Hardest section to write, but it is also}

the most important.



_{Use descriptive headings that concisely}

summarize the interpretation of the

results.



_{Answer the question posed in}

introduction



_{Correlation of your finding with the}

existing knowledge



_{Discrepancies between new results and}

(58)

Discussion



_{What is new without exaggerating.}



_{Conclusion/summary, perspectives,}

implications.



_{Research limitations and need for}

future research.



_{Theoretical implications and possible}

(59)

(60)

(61)



Identify key findings and application



Should not be a summary of the work

done- abstract is doing fine with that.



Consistent with experimental and

introduction

(62)

References



_{Cite current and key pertinent}

references



_{Reference citations must be accurate}

and complete



_{Read the references (APA Style, IEEE,}

etc)

(63)

Modern electronic tools for writing manuscripts

Use

(64)

Acknowledgments



_{Funding agencies}



_{Intellectual contributions}



_Dedications

(65)

(66)

Revision, Revision, Revision



After writing the first draft, at

least a dozen revision are

usually needed to improve to

the text.



Make sure that all authors read

the first draft.

Give them

(67)

Revision

 Effectiveness of the study  Supporting information

 Order and flow of the article

 Must be leaving reader with a new

question

(68)

 Proofreading All authors should participate  Grammar and spelling errors

 Consistent verb tense  Vocabulary

 Tighten the sentences  spell-check

 Punctuation  typos

 Technical terms

 Scientific symbols  Reaction scheme

 Chemical structures/names  references

(69)

(70)

Responsibilities of Authors

from Preparation of Manuscript to

Submission



New and original research



Manuscript have been checked by all the

listed authors.



Obtain copyright permission if

figures/tables need to be reproduced



Proper affiliation

(71)



Originality



Novel or creative research methodology



New and important research findings



Scientific Quality

(It is impossible to write a

good paper on the basis of lousy science!!!!)



Experimental design and methodology

• _{Research data representation}

• _{Depth of the investigation}

• _{Thorough and logical discussion of results}

(72)



Clarity of Presentation

 Organization/ presentation

 Readability/ clarity of writing/ grammar

 Paper is much more likely to be rejected based on

inadequate analysis than lack of originality



Importance in the scientific world

(73)

Major Reasons for Rejection



The study is just confirmation of

previous research i.e. not novel



Poor experimental design



Targeted journal is not suitable



Weakly written/presentation and

(74)

Process of Research and its

Publication

Completion of research

Preparation of manuscript

Submission of manuscript

Assignment and peer review

(75)

The most important factors that

influence whether your manuscript

will be considered/reviewed for

(76)

Thank you.

(77)

REFERENCES

Dr. M. Iqbal Choudhary H.I., S.I., T.I., Dr. Atia-tul-Wahab and Dr. Hina Siddiqui. Skill Development Workshop on Art of Scientific and Research Writings. International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences

Bowen, H. P., & Wiersema, M. F. (2005). Foreign-based competition and corporate diversification strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 26(12), 1153-1171.

Cannella Jr, A. A., Park, J.-H., & Lee, H.-U. (2008). Top management team functional background diversity and firm performance: examining the roles of team member colocation and environmental uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal, 51(4), 768-784.

Daft, R. L. (1995). Why i recommend that your manuscript be rejected. In L. L. Cummings & P. J. Frost (Eds.), Publishing in the Organizational Sciences. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.

Huff, A. (1999). Writing for scholarly publication. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Nadkarni, S., Herrmann, P., & Perez, P. D. (2011). Domestic mindsets and early international

performance: The moderating effect of global industry conditions. Strategic Management Journal, 32(5), 510-531.

Nadkarni, S., & Herrmann, P. O. L. (2010). Ceo personality, strategic flexibility, and firm performance: the case of the indian business process outsourcing industry. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5), 1050-1073.