Green Coast Project in Indonesia

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Green Coast in Indonesia

Green Coast Project in

Indonesia

The epicenter of the earthquake that caused the tsunami

in December 2004 was close to the Indonesian province of

Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and Nias Island. Almost 130.000

people and 37.000 remain missing. The survivors lost almost

everything: family, houses and livelihoods. Approximately 4,717

coastal fi shing boats lost, 20.000 ha fi sh ponds were destroyed

or out of action, 60,000 farmers were displaced, over 60,000 ha

agricultural land damaged and 100,000 small business persons

have lost their livelihoods. Furthermore, the environment is

profoundly altered.

(A joint report of the BRR and International Partners, December 2005: ACEH AND NIAS ONE YEAR AFTER THE TSUNAMI; The Recovery Effort and Way Forward)

The Green Coast project in Indonesia is implemented by Wetlands International Indonesia Programme (WIIP),

WWF-Indonesia and Both ENDS’ partner GEF-Small Grants Program.

Coastal stretches

Green Coast identifi ed priority coastal stretches in Indonesia: Simeulue, Nagan Raya and Aceh Barat, Aceh Besar and

Banda Aceh, Pidie, Aceh Utara and Lhokseumawe and the Island of Nias.

Assessing the damage

WIIP, together with local NGOs and the Syahkuala University conducted many assessments in Aceh and Nias Island,

on wetlands ecology, vegetation, soil and agriculture, fi sheries, biodiversity and social economic development. Based

on these assessments at least 31 specifi c areas were identifi ed that need priority in rehabilitation. WIIP developed an

Interactive Multimedia Database, containing environmental and socio-economic information data of the six stretches as

mentioned above

Detailed assessment report of these strecthes is now available in both hard and soft copies in WI-IP

office.

Map of distribution of Small Grants in the Aceh District

The Green Coast difference

Along the Aceh east coast we fi nd a good example of Green Coast assessments leading to policy recommendations

and community-based rehabilitation projects.

The assessment team found that there used to be very thick mangrove forests, but these were converted into

fi shponds long before this area hit by the tsunami. Many ponds and some villages were destroyed by the tsunami.

Some ponds are now being restored, but for most of them this will be too expensive due to heavy degradation.

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Financed by:

Infl uencing policy

Green Coast partners established good working relations with the provincial government, the Rehabilitation and

Reconstruction Agency (BRR) and the Panglima Laot, the traditional local leaders of fi shing communities.

WWF-Indonesia developed Green Reconstruction Policy Guidelines for Aceh and Green Coast teams visited coastal

communities, asking for policy inputs to get the ‘voice’ of communities heard.

Around 43 regulations and related policies in Coastal Resources Management (CRM) for Aceh, including the Traditional

Sea Customary Law (Hukom Adat Laot) are reviewed and analysed for its post-tsunami relevance. Green Coast in

Aceh established a forum that regularly meets to discuss CRM-related issues, involving NGOs, women groups, local

government, BRR, scientists and Panglima Laot. In Nias Island, the CRM concept had been introduced as up to now

there is no spesifi c regulation in managing their coastal resources.

The Green Coast difference

At the request of fi sh farmers in Lham Dingin the government built a 16.2 km long seawall to protect the ponds from

high tides, unfortunately without prior Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). As a result seawater is retained

behind the wall and the area becomes severely fl ooded during rainy season and high tides. Green Coast partners

already pointed at these risks during the planning of this construction.

Community-based rehabilitation projects

Green Coast teams traveled to priority coastal stretches, where WIIP provided technical training to communities and

CBOs, and WWF discussed issues like gender and required policy inputs. The technical training ranges from mangrove

planting techniques to food processing technologies. Women traditionally play an important role in e.g. rice farming or

collecting shell fi sh in mangroves. Green Coast rehabilitation projects focus specifi cally on regaining an income for these

women.

By May 2006, 44 rehabilitation projects have started operations, for a total sum of 570.000 euro, from which approximately

10,635 people will benefi t directly. Livelihoods are recovered by e.g. the provision of fi shing gear, fi sh processing, sewing

machines or goat farming. In planting coastal vegetations (including fruit trees) 577 hectares will be rehabilitated. All

projects are advised upon by a Provincial Reference Group, consisting of a gender expert and representatives of the

BRR, NGO-network WALHI and the Panglima Laot.

The Green Coast difference

Mangrove restoration is notoriously diffi cult: the wrong species have been planted in the wrong places or did not

involve the people living close to the mangroves. As a result many seedlings died. Green Coast in Indonesia uses

the following approach: local communities are offered technical and fi nancial support/micro-credit to restore their

livelihoods. In return the communities provide environmental services like replanting and maintaining coastal forest

and fruit trees or establishing nurseries. If more than 75 percent of the planted seedlings are still alive after a set

period (6-10 months) the credit becomes a grant.

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Green Coast Project in Indonesia: POLICY

Ensuring Sustainable Coastal Resource Management

through Policy Work

Post-tsunami reconstruction efforts face the challenge of meeting immediate

humanitarian needs whilst balancing longer-term development and natural

disaster mitigation. A well-planned coastal development is needed for securing

a better future.

The tsunami aftermath in Indonesia has brought environmental concerns which need

to be addressed not merely at the community level, but also at the decision making

level. It is crucial to infl uence and engage the decision makers and community in

planning, implementing as well as supervising the reconstruction and rehabilitation

process as the policy developed will contribute to the future. At the same time, policy work is also aiming at providing

guidance for the reconstruction and rehabilitation process towards sustainable livelihoods and environment.

Two levels Approach

In creating a good understanding of environment

issues at all level, it is important to approach the

decision makers and coastal communities it-self. At

the decision makers’ level, the approach applied is

by providing inputs for policy making, through policy

analysis document. As for the community, the approach

used is by collecting on ground inputs and at the same

time giving a substantial policy support at some level.

Policy Analysis:

This approach is aiming at reviewing

the existing regulations pre and after tsunami in

Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) province, including

the customary law which is the Traditional Sea Customary

Law or known as Hukom Adat Laot. It is viewed important

to take up this regulation as it is a part of the local wisdom

which has been passed on over centuries and still implemented amongst the coastal community, especially fi shers. The

Hukum Adat Laot regulates the fi shing activities of "Panglima Laot" (local commanders of the sea).

Approximately 43 regulations in Coastal Resources Management have been reviewed and defi ned three strategic

issues:

• Rehabilitation and conservation of marine and fi sheries resources

• Community participation in management of marine and fi sheries resources

• Community empowerment in terms of economic livelihood

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One of the recommendations of the Policy Analysis document for NAD and Nias

Island is to produce provincial law on coastal and marine resources management

including spatial planning issue. In supporting its technical implementation on

ground, governor’s decree for NAD and head of district’s decrees for Nias Island

is necessary to be developed. This policy analysis process also covers public

consultation activity in order to examine the document as well as gain inputs both

from the community and government.

On ground Inputs:

This approach is aiming at identifying the ”voice” from the

community in order to develop a bottom-up policy. Experiences have showed

that public acceptance plays a key role in policy implementation. Within this

approach regular meetings have been set up as the tool in obtaining inputs from

related parties involving the government, local NGOs as well as the community

representatives. On ground inputs were also obtained through discussions and

visits to small grants project sites. Within this approach some concerns revealed

which are the communities’ access in the reconstruction and rehabilitation process,

the coastal protection, and the gender issues.

Panglima Laot

The Panglima laot or known as Commander

of the Sea is a person who lead other fi shers

in a certain area and engaged under an

institution called Lembaga Hukom Adat Laot.

This system has been inherited since sixteen

centuries. The Lembaga Hukom Adat Laot

roles include conserving and managing the

fi shery resources and environment.

What is the Green Coast project?

The Green Coast Project aims to restore coastal ecosystems and provide natural shelter and other benefi ts and services to people that live in vulnerable coastal regions. In Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Malaysia partner organizations work together in three closely interlinked parts of the Green Coast project, to:

• Assess the tsunami impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods, as well as local communities views and rights

• Infl uence governments and aid agencies and corporate sector to sustainable manage and restore coastal natural resources

• Facilitate small grants for community-based rehabilitation projects

The project is managed by Wetlands International and fi nanced during 1,5 year by Novib/Oxfam Netherlands through Dutch public charity funds.

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Small Grants Projects in Indonesia

The lessons learnt, bottlenecks and constraints of the Green Coast

project implementation

After 7 months of Green Coast Project implementation in Aceh and Nias several lessons

can be learnt as follow:

OBSTACLE:

Seedlings eaten by animals. The protection of seedlings from animals using wire/metal fences is very expensive. Wooden/bamboo fences seem not strong enough to protect the seedlings.

SOLUTION:

A budget should be allocated for such issue, otherwise many of the planted seedlings will be killed by the animals (eg. goat, cattle)

OBSTACLE:

Lack of skills. A number of local NGOs that received Small Grant funds seems to have a limited knowledge in doing seedling preparation and implementing rehabilitation techniques (including in species and site selections and its maintenance). Therefore, the community groups handled by such NGOs would implement rehabilitation works without proper guidance.

SOLUTION:

A training of trainers (ToT) to a certain number of NGOs staff in seedling (silviculture) and rehabilitation techniques and let this trained people to transfer their knowledge to a number of community groups at the targeted rehabilitation sites in Aceh and Nias. Currently, under Green Coast project, WIIP is only able to provide training to the small number of NGO people in Banda Aceh because no budget allocated to do more broadly.

OBSTACLE:

Insuffi cient fund to support monitoring and evaluation (MonEv). The MonEv of the SG projects’ implementation in the fi eld by WIIP is very limited in terms of its frequency and its area coverage. This was due to a very limited amount of fund allocated to do the MonEv (many project sites are remote and very costly to be visited) and limited number of people to do the works.

SOLUTION:

MonEv is very important works to be implemented regularly and thoroughly, as it will not only record the project output/results, but it also will be able to provide directions from the earlier stages during the project implementation. Therefore, Monev should be properly structured, scheduled and budgeted from the planning process of the project, MonEv staff should be established and trained to enable them in providing solution to the problems that may discovered during the Monev tasks.

OBSTACLE:

Lack of awareness. The GC project has not been equipped with awareness raising component. From the implementation of the SG’s rehabilitation works it was revealed that only a few of the local NGOs (including the local communities that they worked with) have a suffi cient knowledge about the important values of the healthy coastal ecosystems. Many of them were suspected of not having adequate understanding of why coastal areas are important to be rehabilitated and what are the function of mangroves for their livelihood and their living habitat (this can be seen from the removal of the 2 months planted mangrove seedlings and converted back into fi sh ponds in some areas and occupancy of coastal land areas to become their settlements).

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Green Coast activity implemented in various provinces

and/or coastal stretches

Until June 2006 the SG activities in Aceh and Nias can be summarized as follow:

From the above table it can be seen that the Green Coast Project, up to June 2006, has committed

to fund 50 local NGOs and CBOs to implement rehabilitation works in Aceh and Nias. If all trees

planted by the SG recipients survived until the end of Green Coast project, at least 1 millions trees

would have been re-greened in the Aceh and Nias coastal areas with the contribution from the

Oxfam Novib Netherlands funding support.

Stretch &

Procurement of fi shing tools

Cattle, goat and fi sh farming, small scale business

Ecotourism, coastal policy, livelihood (fi sh and cattle farming, agriculture), procurement

of fi shing tools, small scale business, food processing etc

Silvo-fi shery, combined milk fi sh farming with mangrove trees planting and procurement of

fi shing tools

Silvo-fi shery, combined milk fi sh farming with mangrove trees planting

Fish and crabs culture, chicken and duck farming

Technical support, advocacy and awareness raising and strengthen local capacity

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Green Coast Project in Indonesia: ASSESSMENT

Guiding Sustainable Coastal Recovery Based on

Scientifi c Assessment

Assessing the damage

The earthquake and tsunami of 26 December 2004 caused major

damage to most of the coastline of the province of Nanggroe Aceh

Darussalam (NAD) and islands off the west coast of Sumatra such

as Simeulue Island and the Nias Islands. In March 2005 there was

a second very large earthquake, which struck the Nias Islands

particularly badly. These disaster caused physical and ecological

damage and resulted in large scale rehabilitation needs on all

levels.

Wetlands International Indonesia Program collaborated intensively together with local NGOs and the university conducted

many assessments on the following priority coastal stretches: Simeuleu, Nagan Raya and Aceh Barat, Banda Aceh and

Aceh Besar, Pidie, Aceh Utara and Lhokseumawe and Nias Island. The purpose of the assessments is to fi gure out the

tsunami impacts on the coastal environment. In addition it investigates the potential

for rehabilitation, combined with community livelihood development in the

tsunami-affected areas.

* soil and agricultural development * fi sheries

* biodiversity

* social economic development

Damaged site and its potential

rehabilitation

Damaged site and its potential

The assessment work report shows that all of the coastal sites have

suffered differently from the earthquake and tsunami. In Simeulue for

instance, the tsunami lifted the island and the coastline has

been broadened. In Aceh Barat agricultural lands were damaged,

partly due to salt water. In spite of severe damages on coastal

areas, the assessment work also defi nes remained potentials for

rehabilitation.

Map of distribution of Small Grants in the Aceh District

Signifi cant Finding

At least six new lagoons established;

four in Aceh Besar, one in Nagan Raya

and one in Aceh Barat. These lagoons

were formerly rice fi eld, tambak ponds or

river mouth, but due to the coastal land

subsidence and block of the front areas

(facing the sea) by the tsunami sand,

they now formed lagoons with a slightly

brackish up to saline waters.

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Following is brief information of the impact, status and needs for the priority coastal stretches damaged the most by the tsunami:

Simeulue Island: Coastal Ecosystem Rehabilitation Through Fisherfolks’ Livelihood Development

Simeulue Island was severely damaged by the tsunami. Still there are possibilities to recover both the environment and people’s livelihoods. Assessments have been done in the villages Alus-alus and Labuhan Bakti. In this area, the tsunami and earthquake have changed the morphological form of the coastal area. Because the island was lifted, its coastal area has broadened and dried out. This killed the coral reefs and the island’s mangrove trees, but no damage was found on the agricultural lands. The main conclusions of the assessment are that in Simeulue, the agricultural lands are still in good condition. Agriculture and captured fi sheries could be developed in this area. The potential for rehabilitation can be implemented in the sandy beach area and in the damaged mangrove habitat.

Aceh Barat and Nagan Raya: Coastal Beach Rehabilitation Through Agriculture Based Livelihoods Development

In Aceh Barat and Nagan Raya assessments have been done in the villages Cot Rambong, Kuala Trang, Pucok Lueng and Lok Bubon. Agricultural lands here suffered damage from the tsunami, possibly from the infl ux of salt water, but also as a result of being silted up by tsunami mud. The land is now covered by shrubs and bushes. The main conclusions of the assessments are that in Aceh Barat and Nagan Raya districts the drainage canals were damaged by the tsunami. Agricultural lands were contaminated by sea water. Restoration of the canals and agriculture lands is therefore required. Captured fi sheries and vegetation rehabilitation can also be implemented in this coastal area.

Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh: Coastal Ecosystem Rehabilitation Through Coastal Resources Based Livelihoods Development

In Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh assessments have been done in the villages Tibang, Lam Dingin, Neuhun and Lamnga. The tsunami has silted up the aquaculture ponds in this area. Some ponds have even disappeared due to land subsidence; they were inundated by sea water. For the Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh districts, the main conclusions of the assessments are that ponds restorations are likely to be made in Neuhun and Lamnga. But for the severely damaged ponds in Tibang and Lam Dingin this will be too costly. The disappeared ponds can potentially be planted with mangroves.

Pidie, Aceh Utara and Lhokseumawe: Mangrove Ecosystem Rehabilitation Through Silvo-fi shery

These areas used to be a very thick mangrove forests, but it was converted long before the tsunami stroke Aceh. Tsunami has severely destructed the ponds and some of the villages, most ponds not yet restored due to a heavily degradation and costly to restore; and some villages border with the sea are facing serious abrasion. This region should receive serious mangrove rehabilitation, otherwise lots of ponds and villages will be disappeared. An environmentally friendly coastal aquaculture which is silvofi shery (combination of mangrove and aquaculture) suits to be implemented in this area.

Nias Island: Mangrove Ecosystem Rehabilitation Through Silvofi shery

In Nias Island assessments have been done in the villages Moafe, Lafau and Onolimbu. In Lafau and Moafe the earthquake in March 2005 has caused land to be lifted and many mangrove trees were found dead. But in Onolimbu Village the land subsided in a band one-hundred meters wide stretching inland from the former coast line. Here a number of coconut trees were inundated by sea water and died. The main conclusion of the research is that fi sheries could be developed in Moafe and Iafau Village. Yet rehabilitation seems to face serious substrate and water constraints. In Onolimbu Village coastal captured fi shery can still be developed.

A full report of the assessment work can be found on the Green Cost website: www.wetlands.org/greencoast/EN/

What is the Green Coast project?

• Assess the tsunami impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods, as well as local communities views and rights • Infl uence governments and aid agencies and corporate sector to sustainable manage and restore coastal

natural resources

In Indonesia the Green Coast project is being implemented by the Wetlands International Indonesia Programme, WWF-Indonesia and Both ENDS´ partner GEF-Small Grants Program.

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Small Grants Projects in Indonesia: Coastal region of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar

Community-Based Marine

Protected Area for Sustainable

Fisheries

Eliminating Destructive Fishing in Anoi Itam Village,

Sabang District

On the 26

th

_{of December 2004 …}

…Anoi Itam, a village, located in about 12 kilometres

away from Sabang city, must experience with much

more damaged coral reefs which were already

existed before the earthquake and tsunami. The

damage was a result of destructive

fi shing practices and it had caused

the community - mostly fi sher- a

signifi cant less income each day in

this area. An integrated approach in

conserving the coastal resources is

a must for maximum results, either

for the environmental or economic

concerns.

The objective of the project

The long term goal of the project is to

establish a sustainable community based

coastal resource management. The main objectives of the project are:

§

Establishing a community based marine protected area through collaborative work

with local government

§

Re-greening coastal areas by planting at least 3.000 coastal vegetation

§

Developing a strategic plan for a village level integrated coastal management

§

Revitalizing the traditional regulations in conserving coastal resources

Sea Garden in Sabang

Location:

Anoi Itam village, situated on North Coast of NAD, in Sabang District Period:

14 March 2006 up to 13 March 2007 Targeted number of benefi ciaries: Approximately 421 people

Approved budget: Euro 48,762

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§

Strengthening the role and capacity of local institution

and community group by delivering trainings on organization

management, planning and development as well as sustainable

natural resources management

§

Capacity building for community in organizing eco-tourism

business as alternatives for income resource

Who is implementing the project

The project is being implemented by Pusat Gerakan dan Advokasi

Rakyat (PUGAR) which facilitates a collaborative work between local

community and other stakeholders by carrying out a series public

consultation, training and advocacy. The establishment of a community

based protected area will be managed under a village level strategic plan and a revitalized traditional

regulation and institution.

What do the benefi ciaries have

to say?

“We used to obtain approximately IDR 70.000 (equals to

USD 7), but then it got less each day since fi shermen

from outside our village using damaging fi shing gears

like bomb, poison and trawl in catching the fi sh. Now,

with the opportunity offered within the project, we have

to improve our efforts in conserving our areas and its

resources for a sustainable benefi t.”

(Ahmad, Benefi ciary)

Anoi Itam area

Map of Sabang District

What is the Green Coast project?

natural resources

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Small Grants Projects in Indonesia: Coastal region of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar

Understanding Linkages of

Mangrove Forest and Livelihood

A best practice model in Lam Ujong Village,

Aceh Besar District

On the 26

th

_{of December 2004 …}

…Lam Ujong is a village located in Baitussalam

sub district of Aceh Besar district. It takes about

30 minutes drive from Banda Aceh to Lam Ujong.

There was 189 people (from total of 600) in this

village were killed over the tsunami. In early 90s

about 50 ha of the former mangrove areas were

converted to brackish water fi shponds

and salt pans. As the results of

tsunami, both ponds and the salt

pans silted up with mud. It leaves the

community with very limited option in

continuing their livelihood activities.

The project

Within the project implementation, the community

groups from three sub-villages are provided with

working capital to run small scale silvo-fi shery. In

Indonesia a silvo-fi shery concept has been applied

since early 90s. This concept is to combine fi sh

pond (for farming fi sh and shrimp) with mangrove

trees in the pond. A certain percentage of the pond

will be forming a gutter of where fi sh/shrimps can

live, while in the middle of the pond and also on the

dikes, the mangrove is allowed to grow. By doing this, the mangrove, apart from fi rming the dikes construction (piled up

using pond earth/soil), it will also act as shelter for the fi sh and provide natural food and fertilizers to the pond.

In most coastal aquaculture the present of freshwater (later to be mixed with salt water), usually provided by the river

nearby the ponds, is a must in order to maintained the ponds water salinity brackish; as Penaeid shrimps and fi shes

(usually milk fi sh,

Chanos chanos

) farmed in the ponds at some stages required such conditions. In order to protect

the river banks from abrasion and to obtain the better river water quality,e.g. less turbid water, the river banks (also part

of the ponds) are planted with mangroves.

The project at a glance…

Location

:

Ujung Blang, Ule Jalan and Teungah

sub-villages of Lam Ujong Village

located in Aceh Besar District

Period:

28 February 2006 up to 28 February

2007

Targeted number of benefi ciaries

:

Approximately 150 families

Approved Budget

:

Euro 26.000 (for 3 sub-villages)

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Having mangrove trees both in the ponds and in the river, not only improve the water quality and strengthened the pond

and river banks structures but it also protects the fi shers’ settlements which usually located nearby their ponds from

future disasters (including abrasion, sea current, hurricane etc).

In implementing this silvo-fi shery concept in 3 sub-villages (Ujung Blang, Ule Jalan and Teungah), the community

groups are requested to plant mangrove seedlings on their ponds and it dikes (82,000 seedlings) and at the river banks

(20,000 seedlings), and in return to these works the groups are provided with small grants from the Green Coast Project

that can be used as a working capital to implement fi sh farming in their replanted (silvo-fi shery) ponds and cattle farming

in their owned land.

Apart from above, as a consequence of receiving the grants, the groups are also obliged to maintain the seedlings that

they planted to least 70% survived until the end of the project period in 2007.

Who is implementing the project

The project is implemented by community based organization groups in Ujung Blang, Ule Jalan and Teungah

sub-villages of Lam Ujong village under Wetlands International Indonesia Program advisory and supervision.

Brackish water ponds historical development and concept for Silvo-fi shery

OLD MODEL:

Cross section of old fashion pond with no mangrove left

NEW MODEL:

Cross section of pond with mangrove but

no chicken farming in the middle View from above of the latest model, effi cient in land use

MODIFIED NEW MODEL:

Cross section of pondwith mangrove and chicken/duck/goat farming in the middle

FARM

DIKE

Mangrove & wildlife

What is the Green Coast project?

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Small Grants Projects in Indonesia: Coastal region of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar

Ensuring Long-term Sustainability Uses

of the New Coastal Wetland Ecosystems

Established After the Tsunami

A pilot project proposed of integrated lagoon management in Pulot

Village, Aceh Besar District.

T

he tsunami on December 2004 then followed with the earthquake on

TT

March 2005 has caused a number of new established coastal wetland

types along the west and south west coast of Aceh. Among these

coastal wetland types are lagoon, brackish-water swamp and salt water

pools. One of these lagoons is located in Pulot Village of Leupung

Sub-district, Aceh Besar District.

Based on the environmental assessment works carried out by Wetlands

International Indonesia Programme (WIIP), it was discovered that this lagoon

showed high fi shery potential values to support the community livelihood that

can be combined with eco-tourism (such as tracking, climbing the hills, sport

fi shing), as at the back of the lagoon is a hilly areas (with spring water fed to

the lagoon) and in front of the lagoon the white sand beach and Indian Ocean

view are beautiful. This lagoon has an easy access as it is located beside

the old main road (currently being reconstructed) which connects Banda

Aceh and Meulaboh. Previously, the community in this area were very much

dependant on agriculture (paddy fi eld), fi shery (aquaculture and catching)

and mixed farm land. But due to the catastrophe, most of this agriculture

land and fi sh ponds were destroyed (mainly inundated with salt water and

now formed a waterlogged area/lagoon, silted up by sand or tsunami mud).

Therefore, their livelihood are seriously affected. The economic values

potential offered by the newly established lagoon is indeed a good hope for

the community as one of their livelihood resource alternatives.

The Threats

This lagoon is now facing several problems such as siltation due to banks

erosion, fi lled up remaining tsunami debris, potential environmental impact

from the road construction and no clear management status of the area.

Location:

Pulot Village, situated on North Coast of NAD, Aceh Besar District. Period:

June 2006 up to March 2007 Targeted number of benefi ciaries: Approximately 170 households Approved budget:

Euro 51,150

Rehabilitated Targeted Area: 75 ha

Erosion in the lagoon

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Action Undertaken

In order to safe the Pulot’s lagoon (including its coastal

wetlands surrounding the lagoon) for the present and future

benefi ts of the people living surrounding it and for the sake

of maintaining the fi shery diversity in the lagoon, the project

is therefore proposing a community based participation

on coastal wetlands (focusing on lagoon area and its

surrounding) integrated management in Pulot Village through

a number of activities as follow:

(1) Coastal wetlands management (mapping and zoning of

the lagoon area, establishing community based lagoon

and other coastal wetlands’ resource utilization rules

and management)

(2) Capacity building (including training on seedling

preparation and vegetation rehabilitation)

(3) Rehabilitation of lagoon banks and its surrounding through vegetation rehabilitation

(4) Awareness raising (cleaning up lagoons from debris and garbage and producing campaign and

awareness materials)

(5) Community livelihood enhancement programme trough fi shery, agriculture and eco-tourism sectors

Partner on ground

In implementing the project, the WIIP is working

closely with the Pulot Village community. The

community is actively involved in maintaining,

rehabilitating and protecting their coastal

ecosystems. This includes planting lagoon banks

and cleaning it from the debris and practicing

environmentally friendly fi shery techniques (e.g.

using appropriate fi shing techniques that not

damage fi sh population in the sea and in the

lagoon).

What is the Green Coast project?

natural resources

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Small Grants Projects in Indonesia: Coastal region of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar

Coastal Rehabilitation throughout

Women’s Hands

On the 26th of December 2004…

…an earthquake struck 150 km off the coast of Aceh followed

by the tsunami wave which swept clean an 800 km coastal strip

– equivalent to the coastline from San Francisco to San Diego.

Some 130,000 people were killed and 37,000 remain missing.

Damage in fi sheries sector fi gured 4,717 coastal fi shing boats

lost and 20,000 ha of fi sh ponds destroyed or out of action.

(A Joint Report of The BRR and International Partners, December 2005: ACEH AND NIAS ONE YEAR AFTER THE TSUNAMI; The Recovery Effort and Way Forward).

Tibang, a village, located in the coastal region of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar which were known as the densest region

in Aceh province. Out of 171 thousands people dead and 70 percent people claimed missing over tsunami were from

this region. Tsunami swept almost entire coastal vegetations and fi shponds. The assessment reveals that most of the

wetland types were severely degraded by tsunami, silted up by mud and inundated by sea water due to coastal land

subsidence. The areas need a massive rehabilitation effort using mangroves species, especially in the ex fi shpond wich

was the community´s main livelihood source.

Women’s Role

Before the tsunami, the women have signifi cant

roles in many areas, such as rice farming, fi sh

processing and oysters collecting which are

livelihoods that totally rely on ecosystems. After

tsunami, however, women roles have been

reduced as the resources ecosystems were

damaged. Most of the women groups in this

area gained their income from collecting oyster

in mangroves roots. Women took very good care

of mangrove habitats as they were well aware

of damaged mangroves would affect the yield

of the oysters. They also replanted mangroves

seedlings while collecting oyster. Within this

project the women continue what they had been

doing before.

Location:

Tibang Village located on North

Coast of NAD, in Banda Aceh District

Period:

28 November 2005 up to February

2007

Targeted number of benefi ciaries:

Approximately 143 families

Approved budget:

Euro 20.000.

Rehabilitated Targeted Area:

12 ha

(16)

They directly engaged in the process of coastal rehabilitation

starting from developing seedlings, planting mangroves up

to maintaining the planted trees.

Under this project, the women are also developing their

ways towards self-reliance by running and managing their

own small-scale businesses.

Besides asissting women groups to rehabilitate coastal

ecosystem,

Yayasan Gajah Sumatera (YaGaSu)

also

assists women groups in developing the business plan,

production training and marketing. At present they have

produced and soled fruit crispy and develop crab fattening.

The objective of the project

The aim of the project is to obtain long term commitment in restoring damaged coastal as well as improving their

livelihood. The main objectives are:

* To plant at least 110.000 seedling of mangroves and coastal vegetation.

* To establish sustainable small scale industries organized by the women.

Who is implementing the project

The

project

is

funded By Green Coast Project and

implemented by Yayasan Gajah Sumatera (YaGaSu)

which is actively involved in assisting women groups in developing the business plan, production and

marketing.

What do the benefi ciaries have to say?

“Ensuring sustainable rehabilitation in the long-term is essential particularly if the community relies on the coastal natural

resources for putting food on the table. Community active participation is required in all rehabilitation efforts including

restoring damaged ecosystems in order to obtain a better support of sustainable livelihood at the local level.”

(Imelda, YaGaSu)

What is the Green Coast project?