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Pertemuan 01

Definisi, Karakteristik, Contoh

Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG)

Matakuliah : T0234 / Sistem Informasi Geografi

Tahun : 2005

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Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu :

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Outline Materi

• Materi 1 : Definisi SIG

• Materi 2 : Keunggulan SIG • Materi 3 : Karakteristik SIG

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Definisi SIG (1)

• Menurut Rhind (1989).

A computer system that can hold and use data describing places on the Earth’ surfaces.

• Menurut Burrough (1986)

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Definisi SIG (2)

• Menurut Prof. Jacob Rais (2001)

Sistem Informasi berbasis komputer dengan memakai data digital berujuk pada lokasi geografis di muka bumi.

• Menurut ESRI ( ESRI White Paper, 2001 ) A computer software that links geographic information

(where things are) with descriptive information (what things are).

• Lainnya,

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Definisi SIG (3)

Geographic Information Systems Describing Our World

Describing Our World

• We can describe any element of our world in two ways:

Attribute

Where is it?

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Definisi SIG (4)

ESRI Canada :

GIS is a system of computer software, hardware and data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and present information that is tied to a spatial location.

• Spatial location – usually a geographic location • Information – visualization of analysis of data • System – linking software, hardware, data

• Personnel – a thinking explorer who is key to the power of GIS

GIS : A method to visualize, manipulate,

analyze, and display spatial data

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Definisi SIG (5)

http://www.gis.com :

GIS is a technology that is used to view and analyze data from a geographic perspective. The technology is a piece of an organization's overall information system

framework.

GIS links location to information (such as people to addresses, buildings to parcels, or streets within a

network) and layers that information to give you a better understanding of how it all interrelates. You choose what layers to combine based on your purpose.

Within a few hours of the destruction of Space Shuttle Columbia, GIS accurately modeled the shuttle's debris location and distribution.

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Definisi SIG (6)

Three Views of a GIS (http://www.gis.com)

A GIS is most often associated with maps. A map, however, is only one of three ways a GIS can be used to work with

geographic information. These three ways are:

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Definisi SIG (7)

2. The Map View: A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other views that show features and feature relationships on the earth's surface. Maps of the underlying geographic

information can be constructed and used as "windows into the database" to support queries, analysis, and editing of the

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Definisi SIG (8)

3. The Model View: A GIS is a set of information transformation tools that derive new geographic datasets from existing

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Keunggulan SIG (1)

• Kemudahan & Kecepatan Akses Data yang bervolume besar

• Kemampuan untuk :

_{Mencari detil berdasarkan area atau thema} _{Membuat link ke data set lain}

_{Menganalisa karakteristik spasial dari data}

_{Melakukan update data dengan cepat & murah} • Menghasilkan output sesuai kebutuhan :

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Keunggulan SIG (2)

• Kemudahan & Kecepatan Akses Data yang bervolume besar

• Base Map Data GIS contains many layers of information:

• Elevation

• Surface Geology

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Keunggulan SIG (3)

• Kemampuan untuk membuat link ke data set lain

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Keunggulan SIG (4)

• Kemampuan untuk menganalisa karakteristik spasial

GIS software can answer

questions about our world:

What provinces border Saskatchewan?

Spatial Questions:

What provinces have more than 1.5 million people?

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Keunggulan SIG (5)

• Kemampuan untuk menganalisa karakteristik spasial

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Keunggulan SIG (6)

• Menghasilkan output sesuai kebutuhan :

Peta, Grafik, Daftar Alamat, Ringkasan data statistik, dsb.

1 BPPT J l Thamrin No.8 2 Kominfo J l Medan Merdeka 3 Garuda J l Medan Merdeka 4 Sari Pan J l Thamrin

Data Statistik

Luas wilayah 230 km

Rata- rata kepadatan 120 org/ km

GDP 100

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Karakteristik SIG (1)

• Kombinasi data spasial & non-spasial

TABULAR DATA?

OR MAP?

YOUR CHOICE:

State Population (1991) Johor 2,074,297

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Karakteristik SIG (2)

• Kemampuan manipulasi data untuk berbagai aplikasi

• Base Map Data

• Elevation

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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (1)

• Environmental • Public Utilities • Agriculture

• Marketing

• Park Management • Health Care

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• Environmental

• What are the effects of Global Warming?

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• Public Utilities

• Is it safe to dig here?

A proposed excavation, identified by

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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (4) • Agriculture

• How can I

improve food production?

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• Marketing

• How can I optimize my Marketing Campaign?

Geotechnology can query a database and identify only those areas with the highest

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• Park Management

• Will the new building spoil the Park

Scenery?

Park planners use Geotechnology to

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• Real Estate

• Where is my Dream Home?

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Contoh Aplikasi SIG (9) • Emergency

• What is the fastest route to the

Hospital?

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Penutup

• Mahasiswa diharapkan telah memahami konsep-konsep dasar SIG, khususnya : Definisi, Keunggulan, Karakteristik,