Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Oceanography
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Oceanography
Definition
Oceanography is the study of the
ocean, with emphasis on its
character as an environment. The
goal is to obtain a description
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Oceanography
Why study oceanography?
Oceanography
Scope
marine organisms and ecosystem
dynamics
ocean currents, waves, and
geophysical fluid dynamics
plate tectonics and the geology of
the sea floor
fluxes of various chemical substances
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Oceanography
Branch
Oceanography
Biological Oceanography
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Oceanography
Chemical Oceanography
Chemical oceanography, or marine
Oceanography
Geological Oceanography
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Oceanography
Physical Oceanography
Physical oceanography, or marine
physics, studies the ocean's physical
Ocean
Definition
from Ancient Greek
Ὠκεανὸς
(Okeanos) the
World Ocean of classical
antiquity
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Ocean
Definition
There is only one ocean. It is
divided into three named
parts by international
Sea
Definition of Sea
A sea is a large body of
saline water that may be
connected with an ocean or
may be a large saline lake
that lacks a natural outlet.
Sometimes the terms sea
and ocean are used
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Water Properties
Physical Water Properties
Water Properties
Chemical Water Properties
Heat Latency
Surface Tension
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Salinity
Definition
Salinity
Extreme Value
Highest salinity value : 300
–
400 psu in the Dead
Sea (Israel and Jordan)
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Conductivity
Definition
Sea water conductivity is the ability or
power of sea water to conduct or transmit
heat, electricity, or sound
Its units are Siemens per meter [S/m] in SI
and micromhos per centimeter
[mmho/cm] in U.S. customary units
Normal range of conductivity : 2
–
5 S/m
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Temperature
Definition
Temperature is a measure of the heat content
Temperature is a thermodynamic property of a
fluid, and is due to the activity of molecules and
atoms in the fluid. The more the activity (energy),
the higher the temperature.
Unit : Degrees Celsius (°C)
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Pressure
Definition
Pressure is the force per unit area exerted by
water on either side of the unit area, therefore
it increases with increasing depth
Ocean pressure is usually measured in decibars
1 dbar = 10
-1
bar = 105 dyne/cm
2
= 104 Pascal
The total vertical variation in pressure in the
Density
Definition
The density of an object is the ratio of its
mass to its volume
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Heat Latency
Heat Capacity
Heat required to raise one gram of a water by
1°C.
•
highest of all substances
(except liquid
ammonia)
•
thermal buffering and heat transport by
Heat Latency
Latent Heat of Fusion
Heat required to melt one gram of ice at
0°C to liquid water at 0°C.
•
highest of all substances
(except liquid
ammonia)
•
thermal buffering
Latent Heat of
Evaporation
Heat required to evaporate 1 gr of water at
100°C to water vapor at 100°C
•
highest of all substances
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Surface Tension
Definition
measure of how difficult it is to stretch
or break the surface of a liquid
water has a greater surface tension
Hydrogen Bounding
Definition
The electromagnetic attractive interaction of a
polar hydrogen atom in a water molecule
Oceans and lakes don't freeze because of
hydrogen bonding, water is less dense as a solid
than it is as a liquid.
Density Anomaly
Consequences:
Ice layer in the frozen lakes, river or seas is located
on the top layer
Insulating the water from further freezing
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Dissolving Power
Definition
Ability to dissolve a wide range of substances
Highest of all liquids
solvent for all biological and geochemical reactions
Water's polarity allows it to dissolve other polar substances
very easily. When a polar substance is put in water, the
positive ends of its molecules are attracted to the negative
ends of the water molecules, and vice versa
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Light Transmission
Definition
Ability to absorb or transmit UV,
visible and IR light
transparent to visible
strongly absorbs UV and IR
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
Accidity
Definition
measure of the dissociation of water
into ions (H+, OH)
pH = - log [H+]
Dissolved Oxygen
Definition
is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen
that is dissolved or carried in a given medium
seawater\atmosphere exchange at air water
interface only
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Nutrient Concentration
Definition
Concentration of nutrient molecule in the
water
Nitrates (NO3-), Ammonia (NH3),
Phosphate (PO4) and Sulphur (SO4)
inorganic sources of N, P, S and other
atoms required for phytoplankton
growth
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari – 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology
