Occupational and Commuting Accidents in

(1)

NCOSH SEMINAR2018, SHERWOOD GATEWAY HOTEL, BANGI

Occupational and Commuting Accidents in

Malaysia: Protection and Prevention

Harun bin Bakar

Head of Prevention

Prevention and Health Promotion Section,

Social Security Organization

(2)

1. Introduction

2. Occupational Injury and Commuting

Accidents

3. Protection and Challenges

4. SOCSO Prevention Approach

5. Conclusion

(3)

The Social Security Organization

• Covers for 435,801 employers in the year 2017

• Insures 6,803,948 employees in the country

• Spends RM 1.034 billion in compensation for

industrial accidents yearly.

• Spends RM 1.879 billion in compensation for

invalidity pension scheme yearly.

• Process 95,000 claims yearly

• Over 62,000 claims for employment injury

• Over 33,000 claims for invalidity

(4)

The 3 Pillars of Social Security

Compensation

Rehabilitation

Prevention

(5)

Employment Injury

Industrial

Accident(IA)

Commuting

Accident(CA)

Occupational

Disease(OD)

Compensation/ Protection

(6)

Section 2. (6) "employment injury" means a personal injury to an employee caused by

accident or an occupational disease arising out of and in the course of his employment in

an industry to which this Act applies;

Employment Injury

28. (1) If an employee who is employed in any occupation described in the Fifth Schedule

contracts any disease or injury shown in the said Schedule to be related to that

occupation, or if an employee who has been employed in such occupation contracts such

a disease or injury within sixty months after ceasing to be so employed, the contracting

of the disease or injury shall, unless the contrary is proved, be deemed to be an

employment injury arising out of and in the course of employment:

(7)

An accident happening to an insured person shall

be deemed to arise out of and in the course of his

employment if the accident happens while the

insured person –

(a) is travelling on a route between his place of

residence or stay and his place of work;

Commuting Accident (1/1/92)

(b) is travelling on a journey made for any reason

which is directly connected to his employment; or

(c) is travelling on a journey between his place of

work and the place where he takes his meal during any

authorized recess.

(8)

SKOP PENAFSIRAN KEMALANGAN SEMASA PERJALANAN

SKIM INSURANS BENCANA PEKERJAAN

ISTILAH

TAKRIF

TEMPAT KEDIAMAN

membawa maksud tempat tinggal tetap Orang Berinsurans (OB)

TEMPAT TINGGAL

membawa maksud tempat tinggal / tempat inap sementara Orang

Berinsurans (OB) dengan tujuan untuk bermalam.

TEMPAT KERJA

membawa maksud tempat Orang berinsurans (OB) menjalankan

pekerjaannya sebagai mana yang diarahkan oleh majikan.

PENGGAJIAN

membawa maksud membawa maksud hal urusan yang berkaitan dengan

kepentingan perkhidmatan dan tidak bersifat peribadi yang melibat

tugas-tugas sah yang diperincikan dengan jelas. Contoh: Menghadiri kursus

.

DALAM MASA REHAT

YANG DIBENARKAN

membawa maksud waktu rehat yang diberi kebenaran oleh majikan sam

ada secara bertulis atau lisan

(9)

ILUSTRASI PERHENTIAN ATAU LENCONGAN BAGI

KEMALANGAN SEMASA DALAM PERJALANAN

(SEKSYEN 24(2))

SKIM INSURANS BENCANA PEKERJAAN TEMPAT KEMALANGAN TEMPAT KERJA

Perbuatan atau aktiviti semasa dalam yang dilakukan semasa kemalangan dalam perjalanan :

Contoh : Ke pasar untuk membeli keperluan makanan keluarga (kepentingan diri)

TEMPAT TINGGAL

PASAR

Lencongan Perhentian

(10)

CASE STUDY - CA

• Accidents on the way to work but not wearing helmet

• Accidents on the back home every weekend

• Accidents on the way to lunch during permissible recess but the directive by the

company for the staff to have their lunch at the internal cafeteria

• Accidents during official Annual dinner

• Accident occurred on the way to the mosque (Friday prayer )

• Accidents on the way to election centre to cast the vote

• An accident on the way to visit a colleague at the hospital during permissible

recess

(11)

CASE STUDY – WORKPLACE

• Accident on the way to factory’s cafeteria but not yet punch in

• Accidents while playing table tennis at the factory after punch out

• Accidents while operating machine/ tools

• Accidents during official Annual dinner

(12)

COMPENSATION TO OCCUPATIONAL &COMMUTING ACCIDENTS 2017

EMPLOYMENT INJURY INSURANCE SCHEME

• Medical Disablement Benefit

- free treatment at SOCSO panel clinics or government hospital

(RM3.76M)

• Temporary Disablement Benefit

– 80% of daily average salary; Min: RM30 Max: 105.33

(RM207 M)

• Permanent Disability Benefit –

90% of average daily salary; Max RM118.49 Payment based

on salary, age and assessment by medical board; > 20% assessment

(RM536M)

• Constant Attendance Allowance –

monthly payment of RM500.00

(RM43M)

• Dependants Benefit

– payment to dependent in the event of fatal -90% of salary to wife,

children, spouse, parents, next of kin or grandparents depending on the

priority list.

(RM292M)

• Funeral Benefit –

RM2000.00

(RM33M)

• Rehabilitation Benefit –

training on vocational & rehabilitation- orthotic and

prosthetics-Dialysis and RTW

(RM260M)

(13)

73,858

69,132

61,182

58,321

_56,339

54,133

55,186

57,639

59,897

61,552

63,557

63,331

62,863

66,618

69,980

56,249

50,803

43,885

40,617

_38,657

35,092

_34,376

35,603

_35,088

35,296 35,898

35,294

_34,272

_35,304

36,661

17,609

_{18,329 17,297}

_17,704

17,682

19,041 20,810

22,036

24,809

26,256

27,659 28,037

28,591

31,314

33,319

0 10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Total Accidents Reported

Industrial Accidents

Commuting Accidents

(14)

Occupational accidents and diseases?

Are incidents reducing?

58,321 56,339 54,133 55,186 57,639 59,897 61,552 63,557 63,331 62,837 66,618

0 10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Total Accidents Reported

No of accidents reported: 10 years (2005-2016)

183

Employees

involved in

employment

injury DAILY

3

Employees died

due to industrial

accident DAILY

(15)

Occupational accidents …

Are incidents reducing?

43,885 40,617 38,657 35,092 34,376 35,603 35,088 _35,296 35,898 35,294 _34,258 35,301

0 10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Industrial Accidents

(16)

Commuting accidents? Are incidents

reducing?

17,297

17,704

17,682

19,041

20,810

22,036

24,809

26,256 27,659

28,037

28,579

31,314

0 10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Commuting Accidents

(17)

Occupational

diseases?

Are incidents

(18)

Commuting accidents: Characteristics

• 90% of accidents occurred on the way to or from work

• 52% while going to work

• 36.4% while returning from work

• Males outnumbered the females by 4:1

• 78% occurred within 10 km from the workplace

• 32% within 1 to 5 km

• 23% within 1 km

• 68.8% occurred while working the morning shift

(19)

Commuting injuries – the

trend

(20)

(21)

Time of Commuting Accidents 2016

2016

Source: SOCSO Annual Report

21

89.10

4.50

6.30 Percents

On the way to or from work

Lunch

Urusan Rasmi

21

89.40

4.98

5.62 Percents

On the way to or from work

Lunch

Urusan rasmi

(22)

21,989

6,061

22,223

6,368

24,383

6,931

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Male

Female

2014

2015

2016

Commuting Accident by Gender 2014-2016p

Male is 4 times likely to get accident compared to Female

(23)

837

96

902

98

832

131

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900 1000

Male

Female

2014

2015

2016

Fatal Accident by Gender 2014-2016p

(24)

3.7

0.6

25.1

1.5

10.4

15.6

2.9

6.8

2.1

7.9

23.4

3.7

0.6

24.8

1.5

11.2

14.6

2.6

5.6

2.1

7.4

26.1

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0 Pertanian, Perhutanan dan Perikanan

Perlombongan dan Pengkuarian

Pembuatan

Perkhidmatan Elektrik, Gas, Air dan Kebersihan

Pembinaan

Perdagangan

Penginapan dan Perkhidmatan Makanan dan Minuman

Pengangkutan dan Penyimpanan

Aktiviti Kewangan dan Insurans/Takaful

Aktiviti Hartanah, Penyewaan dan Perniagaan

Pentadbiran, Pertahanan dan Aktiviti Keselamatan

PERCENTS (%)

2016

2015

2014

3,952 kes +374 kes

Industrial Accidents According to Sectors 2014-2016p

(25)

46

10

165

11

137

138

20

74

8

88

266

0

50

100

150

200

250

300 Pertanian, Perhutanan dan Perikanan

Perlombongan dan Pengkuarian

Pembuatan

Perkhidmatan Elektrik, Gas, Air dan Kebersihan

Pembinaan

Perdagangan

Penginapan dan Perkhidmatan Makanan dan Minuman

Pengangkutan dan Penyimpanan

Aktiviti Kewangan dan Insurans/Takaful

Aktiviti Hartanah, Penyewaan dan Perniagaan

Pentadbiran, Pertahanan dan Aktiviti Keselamatan

PERCENTS (%)

2016

124 KES (2015)

+13 KES

Fatal Accidents According to Sectors 2016p

(26)

2.0

0.5

23.0

1.3

9.5

13.4

3.7

5.9

3.2

8.6

28.9

2.1

0.5

22.4

1.3

10.8

12.7

3.1

5.3

3.4

8.3

30.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0 Pertanian, Perhutanan dan Perikanan

Perlombongan dan Pengkuarian

Pembuatan

Perkhidmatan Elektrik, Gas, Air dan Kebersihan

Pembinaan

Perdagangan

Penginapan dan Perkhidmatan Makanan dan Minuman

Pengangkutan dan Penyimpanan

Aktiviti Kewangan dan Insurans/Takaful

Aktiviti Hartanah, Penyewaan dan Perniagaan

Pentadbiran, Pertahanan dan Aktiviti Keselamatan

PERCENTS (%)

2016

2015

2014

3,386 kes +660 kes

Commuting Accidents According to Sectors 2013 – 2016p

(27)

Trends of Industrial Accidents

11

38

31

34

25

27

33

32

26

20 ₁₆

37

123

85 ₈₄

66 ₆₄

47

64

43

29 ₂₈

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 Below

20 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64

65 and

above

Fatal Accidents According to Age Group, 2016

Industrial Accident

Commuting Accident

1559

3831

4454

4534

₄₃₆₉

₄₃₅₈

4124

3804

2482

1109

669 1752

5209

5241

4290

3610

3252

2731

2471

1564

713

480

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Below 20 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65 and above

Industrial Accidents According to Age Group, 2016

(28)

3,346

126 3,512

13,129

8,339

3,052

874 1,880

1,673

98 3,721

7,199

6,830

6,968

1,144

946

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

Head

Neck (including throat and cervical vertebrae)

Trunk

Upper limb

Lower limb

Multiple locations

General injuries

Unspecified location of injury

Industrial Accidents According to Location of Injury, 2015

Commuting Accidents

Industrial Accidents

(29)

Commuting injuries –

challenges

(30)

Challenges in commuting injury prevention

• Expected increase due to

• Increased usage of motorcycles

• Cheaper

• Petrol cost risen

• Traffic jam

• Increasing severity

• Multiple injuries, fatalities, permanent disabilities

• Commuting injury involved mostly young workers

• Most common aged 20-29 years old

• Behaviour factors

(31)

Employment injuries( IA &

CA) – impact

(32)

32 Compensation: Employment Injury

109.18

119.77

135.62

150.27

166.78

177.86

188.15

306.38

326.17

363.51

392.77

448.51

470.60

500.19

205.32

192.63

216.01

219.72

250.39

263.26

275.93

0

200

400

600

800 1,000

1,200

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

RM

Mil

lio

n

s

(33)

Human capital cost -Disability

55,785

58,444

59,312

59,190

60,071

63,739

31,175

33,257

34,049

36,530

37,711

40,014

0 10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

TPD

PDB

2017:

41,296 receiving

permanent disablement

benefit

(34)

(35)

277

656

287

646

309

691

293

670

261

663

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800 Workplace

Commuting

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Human capital cost- FATALITIES

(36)

Dependant benefits recipients

39,992

41,138

42,266

42,951

43,710

44,614

37,000

38,000

39,000

40,000

41,000

42,000

43,000

44,000

45,000

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

(37)

Compensation vs Contribution?

1,586

1,690

1,835

1,867

2,008

2,172

2,325

2,518

2,689

2,838

3,216

960 1,061

1,186

1,354

1,678

1,711

2,000

2,203

2,468

2,665

2,949

500 1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

RM

M

ill

ions

(38)

Prevention – current SOCSO

activities

(39)

Prevention as Priority

•Social Security Organization in the national OSH Plan

•OSH prevention activities as an organizational priority through

Prevention Committee

•OSH training as priority for NGO activities

• More than 450 sessions planned in 2018

• More than 25 NGOs

(40)

Prevention expenditure

3484605.18 3442910.07

4627988.68

5061989.71

5353064.19

0 1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Prevention expenditure (RM)

Prevention activities expenditure

(RM)

2011

3,484,605.18

2012

3,442,910.07

2013

4,627,988.68

2014

5,061,989.71

2015

5,353,064.19

(41)

• Community

• Exhibition

• Road shows

• Pamphlets

• CDs

• Mainstream media

• TV series in OSH

• Radio

• Alternative platform

• HyppTV

• Youtube

New Initiatives – OSH Film

(42)

Supportive environment for prevention

•Guideline on Commuting Safety Management; Workplace Health

Promotion

•Budgetary allocations for OSH awareness/education and Research

•Smart collaboration / Focused Programs with NGOs and OSH

agencies

• OSH Compliance Support for SMEs – 30 SMEs nationwide

• OSH Lean 5S – 40 companies

(43)

CONCLUSION

• Occupational injury poses a major factor for morbidity and disability

among employees in a developing country as Malaysia

• Commuting injuries pose an enormous challenge

• Social Security Organizations need to play an expanded role into

prevention and rehabilitation, rather than limited to compensation

only.

• Prevention is a collaborative effort between all stake holders.

Therefore a systematic approach is required.

(44)

Worrying trends of Commuting Accidents in Malaysia

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Occupational and Commuting Accidents in