gj;jhk; tFg;G
–
KO Mz;L nghJj; Njh;T Vg;uy; 2015
r%f mwptpay; - tpil Fwpg;Gfs;
rhpahd tpilia Njh;e;njL;ff :
1. m gpuhd;rp]; ngh;bdhd;L
7. M Efh;Nthh; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk;
8. M myfhghj;
M fUQ;rl;il KNrhypdpapd; njhz;lh;fs;
, tpf;Nlhjpah kfhuhzpapd; Nguwpf;if kfhrhrdk;
< gQ;rhg; rpq;fk; yhyh y[gj; uha;
c itf;fk; tPuh; <.Nt. uhkrhkp nghpahh;
m mjpf kio ngWk; gFjp nksrpd;uhk;> rpug;G+d;[p
M khq;FNuht; fhLfs; Re;jutdk;
, rzy; njhopyfk; Nkw;F tq;fk;
< fpuhkr; rhiyfs; fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J
c b.I.Mh;.X.v]; mnkhpf;f If;fpa ehLfs;
2 kjpg;ngz; tpil
16.
rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; mq;fq;fs; (VNjDk; 4 kl;Lk;) 1. nghJr;rig
2. nrayfk;
3. rh;tNjr njhopyhsh; mikg;G 4. eph;thf rig
5. rh;tNjr ePjpkd;wk;
17.
Njrpa njhopy; kPl;Gr;rl;lk;
1. njhopw;rhiyfspy; rk;gs cah;T> gzp Neuf; Fiwg;G.
2. mnkhpf;f mjpgh; gpuhq;fspd; &];nty;l; mth;fshy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l Gjpa gaDhpik
18.
I.eh.tpd; rpwg;G epWtdq;fs; (VNjDk; 4 kl;Lk;) 1. cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk;
2. And];Nfh 3. Adpnrg;
4. gd;dhl;L njhopyhsh; epWtdk; 5. czT kw;Wk; Ntshz;ik epWtdk; 6. cyf tq;fp
20.
ts;syhupd; Nghjidfs; (VNjDk; 4 kl;Lk;) 1. rhjp> rka NtWghLfs; mh;j;jkw;wit.
2. midj;J caph;fsplj;Jk; md;G nrYj;Jjy; ([PtfhUz;ak;)
3. kdpj ,dj;jpw;Fr; nra;Ak; njhz;Nl Nkhl;rj;ij miltjw;fhd top. 4. ViofSf;F czT mspg;gNj rpwe;j topghL.
5. rka rlq;Ffs;> Klg;gof;f tof;fq;fis vjph;g;gJ.
21.
yh$h; fhq;fpu]; khehl;bd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
1. 1940 Mk; Mz;L yh$upy; ele;j khehl;by; [pd;dh jdp ehL Nfhhpf;if ntspapl;lhh;.
2. ,e;Jf;fSf;F ,e;jpah vd;Wk;> K];yPk;fSf;F ghfp];jhd; vd;Wk; ,U ehLfis gphpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W [pd;dh typAWj;jpdhh;.
22.
Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahupd; ghly;fs; 1. te;Nj khjuk; vd;Nghk; 2. mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy 3. vje;ijAk; jhAk;
4. n[a ghujk;
23.
Rakhpahij ,af;fj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; (VNjDk; 2 kl;Lk;)
1. Rakhpahij ,af;fk; kjk;> [hjp> murpay; kw;Wk; rKjhaj;jpy; ghh;g;gdh;fspd; Mjpf;fj;ij
fLikahf vjph;g;gJ.
2. %l ek;gpf;iffisAk;> goikthjj;ijAk; xopf;fg; ghLgl;lJ.
3. ngz; fy;tp> tpjitfs; kWkzk;> fyg;Gj; jpUkzk; kw;Wk; Foe;ijj; jpUkz Kiw xopg;G Mfpatw;wpw;fhf FunyOg;gpaJ.
24.
cyf mikjp mtrpak;
1. cyf ehLfspd; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp cyf mikjp %yk; kl;LNk mila KbAk;.
2. cyf mikjp ,e;jpa nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;F kl;Lkd;wp tsUk; ehLfspd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk; mtrpakhdjhFk;.
25.
,e;jpahtpYs;s rkaq;fs; (VNjDk; 4 kl;Lk;) 1. ,e;J kjk;
,kakiyapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; (VNjDk; 2 kl;Lk;)
4. njd; Nkw;F gUt fhw;wpid jLj;J mjpf kiog; nghopit jUfpwJ.
27.
,e;jpahtpy; kpf mjpf kiongWk; gFjpfs; (VNjDk; 4 kl;Lk;) 1. fpof;F ,kakiyapd; njw;F rhpT.
2. m];]hk; 3. Nkw;F tq;fhsk;. 4. nfhq;fzk; 5. kyghh; flw;fiu
28.
,e;jpahtpy; ikf;fh cw;gj;jpahFk; ,lq;fs; 1. Me;jpugpuNjrk; 2. [hh;f;fz;l;
3. gPfhh; 4. ,uh[];jhd;.
29.
Ntshz; njhopiy eph;zapf;Fk; fhuzpfs; 1. epyj;Njhw;wk;
2. fhyepiy 3. kz;tif 4. ePh;.
30.
Ntshz; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs;
1. Ntshz; nghUl;fisf; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs;
2. v.fh. m. gUj;jp - gUj;jp Miyfs;. caphpay; khw;wk; ed;dPhpd; juj;jpy; Vw;gLtjhFk;.
2. Mf;rp[d; cwpQ;Rk; ghf;Bhpah> nghUl;fis mOfr; nra;J ePh; tho; caphpdq;fs; ,wg;gjw;F fhuzkhfpd;wd.
32.
Foha; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; ed;ikfs; (VNjDk; 4 kl;Lk;)
1. fuLKulhd jiug;gFjpapYk;> ePUf;fbapYk; mikf;f ,aYk;. 2. ePiu efuq;fSf;F nfhz;L nry;y gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 3. jq;F jilaw;w Nghf;Ftuj;ij cWjp nra;Ak;.
4. ,af;Ftjw;F Fiwe;j msNt vhpnghUs; Njitg;gLk;. 5. guhkhpg;gjw;Fk;> ,af;Ftjw;Fk; nryT FiwT.
33.
njhiy Ez;Zzh;T
1. Gtpapd; ve;j xU nghUisAk; Neubahfj; njhlh;G nfhs;shky; Gtpapd; tptuq;fis njhiytpypUe;J Nrfhpg;gjhFk;.
2. njhiy – J}uk; : Ez;Zzh;T – jfty;fisg; ngWjy;
34.
jiyaplhf; nfhs;if
1. muR> nghUshjhu nray;ghLfspy; <Lglhky; ,Ug;gJ MFk;.
2. nghUs;fspd; cw;gj;jp> tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; Efh;T Nghd;wtw;wpy; murpd; jiyaPL ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gJ.
35.
fyg;G nghUshjhuk;
1. muRj;Jiw epWtdq;fSk;> jdpahh; Jiw epWtdq;fSk; ,ize;J nray;gLtNj fyg;G nghUshjhuk; MFk;.
NtWghL (VNjDk; 2 kl;Lk;)
36 fPhpd;tpr; jPh;f;f Neuk; ,e;jpa jpl;l Neuk;
1 ,J 0 jPh;f;f Nuifapd; mbg;gilapy;
fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ
,J 8230’ fpof;F jPh;f;f Nuifapd;
mbg;gilapy; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ
2 cyfpd; jpl;l Neuj;ij fzf;fpl
cjTfpwJ
,e;jpahtpd; jpl;l Neuj;ij fzf;fpl cjTfpwJ.
3 ,jd; ikak; yz;ld; ,jd; ikak; myfhghj;
4 yz;ldpd; cs;s fphPd;tpr; topahfr;
nry;fpwJ
,e;jpahtpd; myfhghj; topahf
nry;fpwJ
37 thdpiy fhyepiy
1
Xh; ,lj;jpy; cs;s ntg;gk; mOj;jk;> fhw;W> <ug;gjk;> kw;Wk; kiog; nghopT Fwpg;gJ
Xhplj;jpd; ePz;l ehisa cz;ikahd ruhrhp thdpiyiaf; Fwpg;gJ.
2 md;whl epiyiaf; Fwpg;gJ MFk;. ,jid mstpl 35 tUl fhy thdpiy
Njitg;gLfpwJ.
3 jpdKk; khWgLk; ePz;l ehisf;F xNu khjphpahf ,Uf;Fk;
4 khWjYf;F cl;gl;lJ khwhjJ
38 GJg;gpf;f $ba tsq;fs; GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsq;fs;
1 kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; GJg;gpf;f $baJ gad;ghl;bw;F gpd; kPz;Lk; GJg;gpf;f ,ayhJ
2 c-k; #hpa xsp> fhw;W> ePh; c-k; epyf;fhp> fr;rh vz;nza;
3 ,it njhlh;e;J ,aw;ifahf fpilf;ff;
$baJ
,it njhlh;e;J fpilf;fhJ.
4 khRf;fis Vw;gLj;jhJ khRf;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;
39 jd;dpiwT Ntshz;ik tzpf Ntshz;ik
1 FLk;g Njitf;fhf czTg; gaph;fs;
cw;gj;jp nra;tjhFk;
tzpf Njitf;fhf czTg; gaph;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;tjhFk;
2 Fiwe;j msT cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ mjpf mstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ
3 v.fh. ney;> NfhJik v.fh. fUk;G> Njapiy> gUj;jp>
jhdpaq;fs;
4 cs;ehl;L re;ijiag; G+h;j;jp nra;fpwJ me;jpa nrythzpia <l;bj; jUfpwJ
5 ,it czTg; gaph;fs; ,it Ntshz;ikg; gaph;fs;
6 jPtpu Ntshz;ik vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ gue;j Ntshz;ik vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ
40 ,Uk;G v/F njhopw;rhiy nkd; nghUs; njhopw;rhiy
1 ,J fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopyfk; MFk;. ,J fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopyfk; my;y
2 ek; ehl;by; Nrhlh ehfGhp tl;lhuj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
ehl;bd; gy;NtW Kf;fpa efuq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
3 njhopyhsh;fspd; ciog;G mjpfk; Njitg;gLfpwJ
,sk; nghwpapy; ty;Yeh;fs;
Njitg;gLfpd;whh;fs;
4 ,e;jpahtpy; 11 nghpa> 150 rpwpa ,Uk;G v/F Miyfs; cs;sd
41 fhw;W khriljy; xyp khriljy;
1 fhw;wpy; fyf;Fk; nghUl;fshy;
khrilfpwJ
msTf;F mjpfkhf Njitaw;w
rg;jj;jpdhy; xyp khrilfpwJ
2 thfdq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopw;riyfspypUe;J
ntspNaWk; Gifahy; Vw;gLfpwJ
,ae;jpuq;fs;> thfdq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk;
rg;jj;jpdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ
3 kdpjh;fSf;F Rthrf; NfhshW> ,ja
Neha;> Eiuapuy; Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ
kdpjh;fSf;F kd mOj;jk;> glglg;G> Nfl;Fk; jpwd; ghjpg;G cUthfpwJ.
42 rhiy top ,uapy; top
1 jhh; rhiyapy; gazk; nra;ayhk; ,Ug;Gg; ghijapy; gazk; nra;ayhk;
2 v.fh. NgUe;J> yhhp> fhh; Nghd;wit
rhiy topapy; gad;gLj;Jk; thfdq;fs;
v.fh. ,uapy; kl;LNk ,Ug;G ghijapy;
4 fpuhkq;fis ,izf;Fk; ngU efuq;fis ,izf;Fk;
5 Fiwthd nghUl;fis vLj;jr; nry;y
gad;gLfpwJ
mjpfkhd nghUl;fis vLj;jr; nry;y gad;gLfpwJ
43 cs;ehl;L tzpfk; gd;dhl;L tzpfk;
1 xU ehl;bd; vy;iyf;Fk; eilngWk;
tzpfk;
gy ehLfspilNa eilngWk; tzpfk;
2 rhiy top> kw;Wk; ,uapy; top
Nghf;Ftuj;J Kf;fpa gq;fhw;WfpwJ
fly; top kw;Wk; thd; top
Nghf;Ftuj;J Kf;fpa gq;fhw;WfpwJ
3 me;j ehl;bd; fhfpj ehzak;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ
me;epa nrythzp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ
jiyg;G tpdh
44 Nghhpd; Nghf;Fm 1914 Kjy; 1918 tiu
M JUf;fpAk; mjd; $l;lzp ehLfSk;
, ,q;fpyhe;Jk; mjd; el;GwT ehLfSk;
< gPuq;fpg;gil kw;Wk; ePh;%o;fpf; fg;gy;fs;
45 mlhy;/g; `pl;yh;
m M];jphpah
M Rq;f mjpfhup
, Njrpa rkjh;kthjpfs; mikg;G (ehrpf; fl;rp)
< nkapd; fhk;g; (vdJ Nghuhl;lk;)
46 lhf;lh;. gp. Mh;. mk;Ngj;fhh;
m kfT> 1891 Vg;uy; 14
M gfp\; fpUj;jpfhuhzprgh (rhjpapypUe;J tpyf;fg;gl;Nlhh; eyr; rq;fk;) , 1990y; ghuj uj;dh tpUJ toq;fp
47 [hypad; thyhghf; gLnfhiy
m lhf;lh; rj;jpaghy; kw;Wk; lhf;lh; rha;g;GjPd; fpr;Y
M mkph;jru]py; cs;s [hypad; thyhghf; G+q;fhtpy;
, n[duy; lah;
< iel; Tl; gl;lj;ij Jwe;jhh;
ngUtpdh (VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;)
48. m. F.D. &];nty;l; mwptpj;j epthuzk;> Gduikg;G kw;Wk; rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; gw;wp tphpthd tpilasp. 1. Gjpa nfhs;if
1. vg;.b. &];nty;l; Gjpa gaDhpik nfhs;ifia nfhz;L te;jhh;.
2. ,J cjtp> kPl;G> rPh;jpUj;jk; vd;w %d;W mk;rq;fisf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. 2. nld;drp gs;sj;jhf;F jpl;lk;
1. njhopw; ngUf;fk; 2. tptrhak; Cf;Ftpj;jy; 3. kz;tsk;
3. $l;lhl;rp mtru epthuz eph;thfk;
khepy> cs;shl;rpfSf;F 500 kpy;ypad; lhyh;fs; epjpahf toq;fg;gl;lJ. 4. $l;lhl;rp uprh;t; tq;fp
tq;fp epWtdq;fSf;Fk;> njhopw;rhiyfSf;F fld; toq;fpaJ. 5. ghJfhg;G ghpth;j;jidr;rl;lk;
gq;Fr; re;;ijapy; <LgLk; epWtdq;fSf;F chpkk; coq;fg;gl;lJ. 6. Njrpa njhopy; kPl;Gr;rl;lk;
1. njhopyhsh;fspd; rk;gs cah;T
2. gzpNeuf; Fiwg;G Nghd;w rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; nfhz;L tug;gl;ld. 7. Ntshz;ik nghUl;fs; rPuikg;Gr; rl;lk;
1. tptrhapfSf;F khdpaq;fs; toq;fg;gl;lJ.
2. tptrhapfs; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; jhdpaj;jpd; msitf; Fiwj;J tpiy cah;Tf;F top tFj;jJ.
48. M. 1857Mk; Mz;L Gul;rp Njhy;tpaile;jjw;fhd fhuzq;fis tpthp.
(VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;)
1. xw;Wikapy;iy
Gul;rpahsh;fSf;fpilNa xw;Wikapd;ik fhzg;gl;lJ. 2. ehL KOtJk; guttpy;iy
1. Gul;rp tl ,e;jpahtpy; kl;LNk ele;jd.
2. njd;dpe;jpah> gQ;rhg;> rpe;J kw;Wk; ,uh[];jhd; gFjpfspy; guttpy;iy. 3. MjuT ,d;ik
1. gy ,e;jpa murh;fs; eLepiy tfpj;jdh;.
2. nghJthf gbj;j ,e;jpah;fs; Gul;rpia Mjhpf;ftpy;iy. 4. etPd MAjq;fs; ,y;iy
1. Gul;rpahsh;fs; etPd Nghh;f;fUtpfisf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.
5. rpwe;j giljiyikapd;ik
,e;jpa jiyth;fshd ehdh rhfpg;> jhe;jpahNjhg;> uhzp yl;Rkp gha; Nghd;Nwhiuj; jtpu ,g;Gul;rpia topelj;j rpwe;j gilj;jsgjpapy;iy.
6. xUkpj;j fUj;jpy;iy
1. Gul;rpahsh;fspilNa xUkpj;j Fwpf;Nfhs; ,y;iy. 2. tPuh;fis fl;Lg;ghl;by; itg;gjpy; jtwptpl;ldh; 7. gphpj;jhSk; nfhs;if
Mq;fpNyah;fspd; gphpj;jhSk; nfhs;ifahy; ,e;jpa murh;fis xd;W Nru tplhky; jil nra;jd.
48. ,.
nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fk; - Fwpg;G tiuf.(VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;)
1. fphpg;]; JhJf;FOtpd; Njhy;tp
fhe;jpabfspd; Nghf;fpy; khw;wq;fisf; nfhz;L te;jJ.
m`pk;ir topapy; ve;j gyDk; mspf;ftpy;iy vd;gij fhe;jp czh;e;jhh;. fhe;jpabfs;> Mq;fpNyah; ,e;jpa ehl;iltpl;L ntspNaw Ntz;Lnkdf; Nfhhpdhh;. 2. nraw;FO jPh;khdk;
1942-y; fhq;fpu]; nraw;FO jPh;khdj;jpy; ,q;fpyhe;J ,e;jpahit tpl;L ntspNaw Ntz;Lk; vd fhe;jp nrhw;nghopthw;wp jPh;khdj;ij nfhz;L te;jhh;.
3. KOr; Rje;jpuk;
KO Rje;jpuk; jtpu NtW vjpYk; jpUg;jp milakhl;Nld; vd fhe;jp[p nrhw;nghopthw;wpdhh;.
4. “ nra; my;yJ nrj;J kb”
ehk; KO Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhf tho;Nthk; my;yJ tPo;Nthk;. ,e;jpah tpLjiyaila nrj;J kbNthjl vd;whh; fhe;jp[p. 5. Kf;fpaj; jiyth;fs; ifJ
fhe;jp> NeU> mGy;fyhk; Mrhj; Nghd;w jiyth;fs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ljhy; ehnlq;Fk; td;Kiwf; fytuq;fs; ntbj;jd.
49. m.
gQ;rrPyk; kw;Wk; mzpNruh nfhs;if gw;wp vOJf. gQ;r rPyk;gpujkh; [t`h;yhy; NeU mikjpf;fhf gpd;gw;wpa Ie;J mk;r nfhs;iffs; - gQ;rrPyk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.
1. Xt;nthU ehLk; gpw ehLfspd; xw;Wik kw;Wk; ,iwahz;ikia kjpj;jy; 2. ve;j xU ehLk; gpwehl;il jhf;ff; $lhJ.
3. ve;j xU ehLk; kw;w ehLfspd; cs;tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplf; $lhJ.
4. midj;J ehLfSk; rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; gu];gu ey;YwT nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. 5. Xt;nthU ehLk; gpw ehLfSld; mikjpahd Kiwapy; ,zq;fpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mzpNruhf; nfhs;if
1. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;Fg; gpd; cyfk; mnkhpf;fh> u\;ah jiyikapy; cyf ehLfs; gphpe;J gdpg;Nghh; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
2. ,e;jpah> ,U ty;yuR ehLfSld; Nruhky; eLepiyik tfpg;gJ> mzpNruhf;nfhs;if. 3. ,t;tpU mzpfSf;fpailapy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; Njhd;wpa rkaj;jpy; ,e;jpah
49. M. Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wikia guhkhpg;gjpy;> nkhop kw;Wk; ,yf;fpak; vt;thW cjtp Ghpfpd;wd vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
1. nkhop
1. ,e;jpa kf;fs; jkpo;> njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> `pe;jp> cUJ> rk];fpUjk;> F[uhj;jp kw;Wk; tq;fhs nkhopfisAk; tl;lhu nkhopfisAk; NgRfpd;wdh;.
2. ,e;jpahtpy; 845 nkhopfs; Ngrg;gl;lhYk; 22 nkhopfs; mYtyf nkhopfshf murhq;fj;jhy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
3. Njtehfup tbtpyhd `pe;jp Njrpa nkhopahf Njh;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. 4. Mq;fpyk; eilKiw nkhopahf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
5. ,izg;G fUtpahd nkhop ek; nkhopg; Nghd;Nw gpw nkhopfisAk; cah;thf fUjpdhy;> rNfhjuj;Jtj;jpw;F cjtpahf mikAk;.
2. ,yf;fpak;
1. ,uhkhazKk;> kfhghujKk; ,e;jpahtpd; ,jpfhrq;fshFk;.
2. jpUts;Stuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l jpUf;Fws; cyfg; nghJkiwahf Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ. 3. gftj; fPij ,e;Jf;fspd; Gdpj E}yhFk;.
4. ckWg;Gythpd; rPwhGuhzk; KfkJ egpapd; tho;f;ifia gw;wp $WfpwJ. 5. tPukhKdptuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l Njk;ghtdp fpwpj;Jt kjj;Jld; njhlh;GilaJ. 6. gpw nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fSk; ,d kj NtWghbd;wp tpUk;gp gbf;fpd;wdh;.
49. ,. Efh;Nthiu ghJfhf;f jkpof muR Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s eltbf;iffs; (VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;) 1. Efh;Nthh; fofq;fs;
fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; Efh;Nthh; fofq;fs; mikj;jy; 2. FbapUg;Nghh; rq;fq;fs;
Cuhl;rp gpujp epjpfs; %yk; fpuhkq;fspSk;> efuq;fspy; FbapUg;Nghh; rq;fq;fis cUthf;Fjy;
3. fUj;juq;Ffs;
kfsph; Ra cjtpf; FOf;fs; %yk; fUj;juq;Ffs; %yk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy; 4. khj ,jo;
“jkpo;ehL Efh;Nthh; ftrk;” khj ,jopd; %yk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy;. 5. gpur;rhuk;
thdpiy > njhiyf;fhl;rp k;w;Wk; FWk;glq;fs; %yk; nghJkf;fsplk; gpur;rhuk; nra;jy;
50. m. ,kakiyfs; cUthd tpjj;jpid tpthp (VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;) 1. epyg;gFjp
1. gy kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G xNu xU epyg;gFjp ngUq;flyhy; #o;e;jpUe;jd.
2. epyg;gFjp “ghQ;rpah” vd;Wk;> ePh;g;gFjp “ghe;jyhrh” vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lJ. 2. ,U gphpT
1. ,e;j epyg;gFjp ,U gFjpfshf gphpe;jJ.
2. tl gFjp “mq;fhuh” vd;Wk; njd;gFjp “Nfhz;Lthdh” vd;Wk; ngahplg;gl;ld. 3. ePh; gphpT
1. ,e;j ,uz;L epyg;gFjpfisAk; “nlj;jP]; fly;” vd;w ePh;g; gFjp gphpj;jJ. 2. ,f;fly; fpof;F Nkw;fhf gutpapUe;jJ.
4. fly; gFjp
5. kbg;G kiy
1. ePz;l fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF mq;fhuh> Nfhz;Lthdh vdg;gLk; ,Uepyg;gug;Gfs; vjpnujph; jpirapy; efh;e;jjhy; nlj;jP]; flypy; ,Ue;j gjpT kbf;fg;gl;L ,kakiy vd;w kbg;G kiy Njhd;wpaJ.
50. M. ,e;jpa Ntshz; njhopypy; cs;s gpur;ridfs; ahit? (VNjDk; 3 kl;Lk;) 1. gUtf;fhw;Wfs;
,e;jpa Ntshz;ik xU gUtf; fhw;wpd; #jhl;lk; vd th;zpf;fg;gLfpwJ. rPuhfTk;> Fwpj;jf;fhyj;jpYk;> tPRtjpy;iy.
2. ePh; Xl;lk; ghjpg;G
ngUfptUk; rhiyfs;> uapy; ghijfs;> fl;Lkhdg; gzpfs;> kio ePh;
Xl;lk; jilgLtNjhL tbfhy; mikg;gpy; ePNuhl;l jil Vw;gLtjhy; gaph;fs; gaphpLtjpy; jhkjk; Vw;gLfpwJ.
3. epyg;gug;G FiwT
njhopw;rhiyfs;> FbapUg;G fl;blq;fs; Nghd;wit fl;lg;gl;L tUtjhy; Ntshz; epyq;fspd; gug;G Fiwe;Jf;nfhz;Nl tUfpwJ.
4. fhyepiy khw;wq;fs;
cyfstpy; cs;s fhyepiyahdJ> NeubahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk; gaph;fs;> kz;> fhy;eilfs; kw;Wk; G+r;rpfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; Ntshz;ik ghjpg;gilfpwJ.
5. Rw;Wr;#oy; ghjpg;G
Ntshz; cw;gj;jp;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs; Rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk; ,aw;if tsq;fis rPh;nfL mila nra;fpd;wd.
50. ,. njhiy Ez;Zzh;T El;gj;jpd; gad;fis tpthp? (VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;) 1. tptuq;fs; mspg;G
gue;J tphpe;j epyg;gug;gpidg; gw;wpa tptuq;fis RUf;fkhf mspf;fpd;wd. 2. mZfKbahjit fz;lwpa
mZf Kbahj Gtpg;gFjpapd; tptuq;fis njhiy Ez;Zzh;tpfspd; %yk; fz;lwpayhk;.
v.fh. Mg;gphpf;fhtpYs;s mlh;e;j fhLfs; 3. Ntfkhd tpiuthd tptuq;fs;
Gtpg;gFjpapd; tptuq;fis vspjhfTk;> NtfkhfTk;> rhpahfTk;> njhlh;e;J jpul;bj; jUfpwJ.
v.fh. tptrhapfSf;Fj; Njitahd jfty;fshd gaph;fisj; jhq;Fk; G+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; Neha;fisj; jpul;bj; jUfpwJ.
4. jpl;lq;fs; jPl;l
ehl;L eyj; jpl;lq;fs; jPl;lTk;> jPl;ba jpl;lq;fis KOikahf nray;gLj;jTk; cjTfpwJ.
v.fh. ,aw;ifr; rPw;wq;fshd Rdhkp> twl;rp> nts;sk;> Gay; Vw;gLk; ,lq;fis fz;lwpa gad;gLfpwJ.
5. epytiug; glq;fs; tiua
51. m. ehl;L tUkhdk; mwptjd; mtrpak; (VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;) 1. nghUshjhu epiyia fzf;fpl
xU ehl;bd; nghUshjhu nray;ghLfspd; epiyia fzf;fpl gad;gLfpwJ. 2. nghUl;fspd; kjpg;ig mwpa
xU ehl;bd; cw;gj;jp nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; kjpg;ig mwpag; gad;gLfpwJ. 3. tUkhdj;ij xg;gpl;L ghh;f;f
xU ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpapd; Nghf;ifAk; Ntfj;ijAk; Ke;ija Mz;Lfspd; tUkhdj;ij xg;gpl;L ghh;f;f gad;gLfpwJ.
4. gpw ehLfSld; xg;gpl
gpw ehl;L tUkhdj;jJld; xg;gpl;L ghh;f;fTk; gad;gLfpwJ. 5. Jiwfis mwpa
ehl;L tUkhdj;jpy; Kjd;ikj;Jiw> ,uz;lhk; Jiw kw;Wk; gzpfs; Jiw gq;fspg;gpd; mikg;ig mwpa gad;gLfpwJ.
6. jpl;lq;fs; tFf;f
nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpia mjpfhpf;f Ntz;b muR nfhs;iffis tFf;fTk; jpl;lkplTk; gad;gLfpwJ.
51. M. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; Kiwfis tpthp. ehl;L tUkhdk;
xU ehl;by; xU tUlj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; nkhj;j kjpg;gpd; msNt ehl;L tUkhdk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.
ehl;L tUkhdk; fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs;
ehl;L tUkhdk; %d;W Kiwfspd; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ. mit 1. cw;gj;jp Kiw
2. tUkhd Kiw 3. nrytpd; Kiw
1. cw;gj;jp Kiw
ehl;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; nkhj;j kjpg;ig fzf;fpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L ,k;Kiwapy; ehl;L tUkhdk; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
2. tUkhdKiw
ehl;bYs;s midj;J kf;fspd; tUkhdj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ehl;L tUkhdk; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
3. nrytpd Kiw
kf;fspd; EfUk; nghUl;fSf;fhd nryT> KjyPL> Nrkpg;G Mfpa %d;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ehl;L tUkhdk; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
,e;jpahtpy; nghJthf cw;gj;jp Kiw kw;Wk; tUkhd Kiwapy; ehl;L tUkhdk; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
51. ,. gjpNdhuhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd Nehf;fq;fs; (VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;) 1. Ntshz; Muha;r;rpia Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy;
2. Ntiy tha;g;Gfis tphpthf;Fjy;. 3. tWikia xopj;jy;
4. fpuhkGw fl;likg;G trjpfis ngUf;Fjy;. 5. kpd;rhuk;> cuq;fSf;fhfd khdpaj;ij Fiwj;jy;. 6. njhlf;ff; fy;tpapy; ,ilepw;wiy Fiwj;jy;. 7. Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;ig cWjpnra;jy;.
52. fhyf;NfhL 1930 Kjy; 1950 tiu (VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;) 1930 - Kjy; tl;lNkir khehL
1931 - ,uz;lhk; tl;lNkir khehL 1932 - %d;whk; tl;lNkir khehL
1935 - ,e;jpa muR rl;lk;
1939 - ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghhpd; njhlf;fk;
1940 - Mf];L ed;nfhil
1942 – nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fk;
1945 - ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghh; KbT
1946 - ,ilf;fhy muR mikg;G 1947 - ,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; miljy;
1950 - ,e;jpah FbauR MFjy;
