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The Bulgarian Case by Margarita St
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eu ISSN 2068-696X Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle Journal s Issue DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle
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v8.2(24).00 12 Re-Industrialization and Innovative Development of Russia by Ivan
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eu ISSN 2068-696X Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle Journal s Issue DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle
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eu ISSN 2068-696X Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle Journal s Issue DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle
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The Journal explores the various understandings that economic approaches shed on legal institutions
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Its approach is broad ranging with respect both to methodology and to subject matter
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The quarterly journal reaches an international community of scholars in law and economics
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Submissions to Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics are welcome
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eu E mail: jarle@aserspublishing
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eu Full author s guidelines are available from: http://journals
scribd.com
academia.edu
eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng
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[email protected] Suggested Citation: Bahtiar, Unhalu 2017
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Available from: http://journals
meridianhealthprotocol.com
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catie.ca
uorideresearch.org
youthbeyondblue.com
scielo.br
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eu/jarle/index Article s History: Received December, 2016
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Copyright © 2017, by ASERS ® Publishing
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Abstract: Democracy is important for every people, in order to create democratic country
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The voter is an important part of democracy
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Structural model presented the relationship among study variables
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Coe cient of structural model stated the magnitude relationship between one variable to another variable
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Democracy is important for every people, in order to create democratic country
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The voter is an important part of democracy
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Politics culture is part of people culture with traits that are more typical
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle
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Literature Review State of Arts Research Background 1.1
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This group is often called as novice voters
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The concept of politics participation According to Rosseau, politics participation consists of two types
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There are several factors that a ect its high or low politics participation
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Firstly, politics awareness and trust in Government (politics system)
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What is meant by politics awareness is awareness of rights and obligations as citizens
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Democracy education that is ideal generally is part of good education
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Adolescents need a support and consensus from their contemporary group
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Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 371 1.6
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There are cognitive orientation and a ective orientation
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§ politics factor according to Arnstein
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§ physical factor of individual and environment
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Theoretically, qualitative method is used by some considerations, rst
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this method presents directly relationship between researcher and respondent, and third
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The location of this research was in Kendari city
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Case studies/experiments/ demonstrations/ application functionality 3.1
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table
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Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 373 Table
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table
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Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 374 3.6
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table
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Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 375 Table
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 10
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Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 376 3.11
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 11
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 12
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 13
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The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 14
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Understanding and knowledge of the participants are in average of 72%
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This means that democracy awareness increases rightly
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De ne a preception, knowledge, attitude and politic beliefs
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Cultural Politics, Political Behavior and Democracy in Five Countries
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Political Explore: A Study of Politics (In Indonesia Political Explore: Sebuah Kajian Ilmu Politik)
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Qualitative Research Methodology
eldresearch.msf.org
scielo.br
thinkequal.com
point3.co.za
health.herts.ac.uk
smartmethodology.org
qualres.org
digitalcommons.unl.edu
docs.trb.org
lsr.edu.in
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Factors a ecting Political Participation Student
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Jakarta: Green School Pendidikan
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Exposure Subject of Political Science (In Indonesia Paparan Kuliah Ilmu Politik)
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Political Education and Regeneration Nation
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Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 697 Web: www
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eu E-mail: jarle@aserspublishing
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eu ISSN 2068-696X Journal DOI https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle Journal s Issue DOI https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle
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Stankevich, and Polina Nikolaevna Durneva 342 3 The Social Aspects of Pension System Modernization
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Vinogradova 352 4 Strategic and Legal Alternatives in Case of Adverse Organizational Crisis
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Gulmira Duisenbayevna Bayandina, and Roza Kenzheevna Alimkhanova, 380 7 Increase in Economic E ciency of
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Legal Orders of BRICS Countries (the Case of China, India, Russia and South Africa) by
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University of Radom, Economic Department, Poland Peter Sturm Université de Grenoble 1 Joseph Fourier, France
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Romania Hans-Jürgen Weißbach, University of Applied Sciences - Frankfurt am Main, Germany Volume VIII, Issue
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except under the terms of the Romanian Copyright, Designs and Patents Law, without the permission
scribd.com
researchgate.net
eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng
academia.edu
academia.edu
www3.ekf.tuke.sk
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0.r.bat.bing.com
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Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department of ASERS Publishing:
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Anatolyevna Shikhanova 490 20 Information Flows Balance and Price of Real Estate by Konstantin
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of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 330 ASERS Publishing Copyright © 2017, by ASERS
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Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department of ASERS Publishing:
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v8.2(24).00 23 In uence of Marketing and Advertising on E ciency of the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services by
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Panina 520 24 Assessment of Risks of Investment and Construction Activities: Russian Practice
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Torgayan 529 25 Social and Political Processes, Socialization Institutions and Youth Policy Subjects
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Monakhov 545 26 Transformation of Traditional Competitive Advantages of Companies Within Ensuring the
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Vladimirovna Grigoryeva 625 Spring 2017 Volume VIII, Issue 2(24) Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring
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except under the terms of the Romanian Copyright, Designs and Patents Law, without the permission
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Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department of ASERS Publsihing:
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v8.2(24).00 34 E cient Model of Economic Growth in the Conditions of Post-Crisis Development of the
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Tatygulov 635 35 Crisis Management of Regional Development: Cluster Initiatives in Russia and
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Rokotyanskaya 644 36 Current Trends In uencing the Competitiveness of International Tourism by Svetlana
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Makushkin 658 37 Analysis and Prospects of Developing Higher Education as a Key
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Yeralina 670 38 The Role of the Prosecutor in the System of Criminal
researchgate.net
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Akutaev 679 39 Methodological Basis for the Strategic Analysis of Development of International
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Law and Economics 332 Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics is designed to
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Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics publishes theoretical and empirical peer reviewed research
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Referees are chosen with one criterion in mind: simultaneously, one should be a lawyer
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The journal is edited for readability both lawyers and economists scholars and specialized practitioners
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theory, nance, econometrics, and decision theory, as well as in related disciplines such as political
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the political economy of legislation and legislative processes, law and nance, corporate nance and governance,
jstor.org
hg.org
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It embraces interrelationships between economics and procedural or substantive law (including international and
European
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The paper must be an original unpublished work written in English (consistent British or
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Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics is currently indexed in SCOPUS, EconLit,
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Deadline for submission of proposals: 1 st of July 2017 Expected Publication Date: September
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Vice Mayor in Kendari in Year 2017) Unhalu BAHTIAR Faculty of Political Science, University of
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Novice voters politics culture (the study about the orientation of novice voters politics on
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Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, Volume VIII, Spring, 2(24): 369
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with another person or politics party who are given the mandate or the authority to
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voters politics on the election of the mayor and vice mayor in Kendari in year
journals.aserspublishing.eu
researchgate.net
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The informant of the research was individual who would use his election rights for
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Kendari in 2017 are factor that in uence older people, factor of individual s choice, factor of
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Introduction Indonesia makes democracy as a politics doctrine that is adhered, it is based
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In the opening of the constitution there is sovereignty word that means supreme authority
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with another person or politics party who are given the mandate or the authority to
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making by Government, activity of politics parties, behavior of nation apparatus, and the result of
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Politics activity also enters religious world, economics and social activity, personal and social life
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Regarding to the politics education for students as part of people of novice voters
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and Vice Mayor who are recognized lawfully, and the momentum for the people to directly
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(1) novice voters used to be variables (2) case study election of Mayor and Vice
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The concept of novice voters In the every implementation of General Election, there is
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Their ages range from 17 up to 21 years (Election Law) and in average
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This group obviously has di erent characteristic than other voters who already have experience in
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First, the observer who pays attention to politics is not only during election period,
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Second, active participation is the audience who not only observes, but also actively communicates
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Secondly, is concerning the knowledge from a person about people s environment and politics, and
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What is meant by behavior and trust in Government is a person s assessment toward
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Meanwhile, the politics culture is the overall value, empirical belief, and expressive symbol that
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and operational norms from the system of politics organization that is based on the values
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Politics education needs to be improved as politics awareness toward rights and obligations as
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Referring to that it is suggested by Gandal and Finn (Saripudin 2001) that it
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Adolescents culture as a novice voters Students or adolescents generally have current social system
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Adolescents culture is relaxed, free and tends to liking informal things and looking for
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censure from their group, because the relationship between the adolescents and their group are solider
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The adolescents generally over the groups that are smaller based on similarities in interest,
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Politics behavior The study on voters behavior is a study of reason and factor
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Voters behavior either as constituent or general people here is understood as part of
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became the main goal of the contestants for being in uenced and convinced to support and
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In this case voters can be either constituents or people who are feeling represented
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Politics orientation and politics behavior According to Ranney, there are two main components from
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of politics object as follows: Cognitive orientation that is knowledge of and credence in politics,
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A ective orientation is a feeling toward politics system, the role, the actor and his/her
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Evaluative orientation is the decision and opinion about politics objects that typically involve standard
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which a ect the politics participation of students as the novice voters are explained as follows:
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This has to be one of the factors that a ect students as novice voters
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R (1969), includes: politics communication, politics awareness, knowledge as novice voters toward the process of
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Methodology The type of research that is used in this study is qualitative and
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about the occurrence of election process congestion of Mayor in Kendari, the factors that a ect
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this method is more sensitive and more able to adjust to the many sharpening
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held the Mayor election of Kendari in 2017 with the amount of novice voters that
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Novice voters were people who were in 17-21 years old or an individual who
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The data that had been completed successfully from qualitative approach was analyzed both at
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Therefore the analysis model that was used in this study was model from Miles
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Therefore this research was descriptive-analytical, and then the analysis of the data was done
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This process was conducted simultaneously in the eld (analysis in the eld) so that
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so it appeared clearly many variants that a ected and dominant variable, which a ected politics orientation
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very know only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer know as many as 15 people
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answer know as many as 23 people (52%) or increases up to 18%, and there
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Know 25 57% Don t Know 8 17,50% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed
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people (9%), respondents who answer know as many as 12 people (27%) and who answer
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declines around decreases up to 43%, and there are only 8 people (17%) who do
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57,50% Don t Know 28 64% Don t Know 8 17,50% Total 44 100% Total 44 100%
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many as 10 people (23%) and who answer do not know as many as 30
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increases up to 25%, and there are only 6 people (13%) who do not know
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21 48% Don t Know 30 68% Don t Know 6 13% Total 44 100% Total 44
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many as 12 people (27%) and who answer do not know as many as 26
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increases up to 5%, and there are only 6 people (14%) who do not know
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12 27% Know 23 32% Don t Know 26 59% Don t Know 6 14% Total 44
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answer very know only 6 people (14%), respondents who answer know as many as 12
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or increases up to 5%, and there are only 6 people (14%) who do not
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23 32% Don t Know 26 59% Don t Know 6 14% Total 44 100% Total 44
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as 12 people (27%) and who answer do not know as many as 27 people
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people (55%) or increases up to 28%, and there are only 11 people (25%) who
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as many as 5 people (11%) and who answer do not know as many as
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as 27 people (62%) or increases up to 51%, and there are only 12people (27%)
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Know 5 11% Know 27 62% Don t Know 36 82% Don t Know 12 27% Total
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be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that
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30 people (69%) or increases up to 69%, and there are only 9people (20%) who
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- - Know 30 69% Don t Know 44 100% Don t Know 9 20% Total 44
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who answer very know only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer know as many as
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(58%) or increases up to 19%, and there are only 4people (9%) who do not
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25 58% Don t Know 23 53% Don t Know 4 9% Total 44 100% Total 44
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as 37 people (84%) and who answer do not know as many as 7 people
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people (20%) or decreases up to 64%, and there are 0people (0%) who do not
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84% Know 9 20% Don t Know 7 16% Don t Know - - Total 44 100%
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who answer very know only 2 people (5%), respondents who answer know as many as
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(25%) or decreases up to 61%, and there are only 3 people (7%) who do
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Know 11 25% Don t Know 4 9% Don t Know 3 7% Total 44 100% Total
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as 9 people (20%) and who answer do not know as many as 33 people
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(61%) or decreases up to 41%, and there are only 10people (10%) who do not
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20% Know 27 61% Don t Know 33 75% Don t Know 10 10% Total 44 100%
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many as 7 people (16%) and who answer do not know as many as 32
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people (27%) or decreases up to 11%, and Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 377
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7 16% Know 23 27% Don t Know 32 63% Don t Know 9 20% Total 44
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very know only 27 people (61%), respondents who answer know as many as 4 people
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(0%) or decreases up to 9%, and there are only 10 people (23%) who do
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in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari
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2 Self choice 20 45 3 Political party, mass media and political advertisement 9 20
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as many as 20 people (45%) and the factor of older people as many as
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Mayor of Kendari in 2017 Politics orientation is the perspective from a group of people
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and outside people that will form their behavior and become their pattern to overview politics
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Discussion Novice voters knowledge toward the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari
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able to give factual overview because the implementation time is not in unison with the
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Therefore, it is needed to be conducted service activity for older people with more
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novice voters behavior to choose direct Local Leaders Election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of
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Factors that a ect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of
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idealism, intelligence level, conscience and external factor (environmental condition) such as religious a air, social,
politics,
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There are many factors that a ect new voter in politics as follows: social economic
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Politics orientation of novice voters in using their election rights in the election of
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a ective orientation toward politics participation of novice voters, and evaluative orientation toward politics
participation of
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are factor that in uence older people, factor of individual s choice, factor of mass media, politics
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election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 are in uence factor of individual s
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orientation or evaluative orientation has led to the positive orientation, when the orientation that is
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of novice voters that is needed to be conducted the politics education for the novice
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regional leader has to be more intensive in conducting the socialization by the guidance, election
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to the novice voters and generally people in Kendari city in order to maintain the
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A Ladder of Citizen Participation, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35 (4):
nl.wikipedia.org
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Citizenship Education Forum for Systemic Education for Democracy (In Indonesia Jatidiri Pendidikan
Kewarganegaraan Sebagai
Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 327 / Quarterly Volume VIII Issue 2(24) Spring 2017 ISSN: 2068-696X Journal s DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle ASERS J Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 328 Contents: 1 Issues of Cooperation Between Russian Federation and European Union Member States in Frames of the 1980 Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction by Aslan Khuseinovich Abashidze, Denis Andreevich Gugunskiy, Kristina OtarovnaKeburia, Aleksandra Evgen evna Koneva, and Alexander Mikhailovich Solntsev 333 2 The Concepts of Commercial (Trade) Law in The Legal Doctrine of Russia and Foreign Countries by Olga Nikolaevna Amvrosova, Gayane Yuryevna Atayan, Ekaterina Viktorovna Kasevich, Galina Viktorovna Stankevich, and Polina Nikolaevna Durneva 342 3 The Social Aspects of Pension System Modernization
in Modern Russia by Sergei V. Babakaev, Olga V. Kaurova, Olga S. Kulyamina, Alexandr N. Maloletko, and Marina V. Vinogradova 352 4 Strategic and Legal Alternatives in Case of Adverse Organizational Crisis Results. The Bulgarian Case by Margarita St. Bachvarova, and Tzveta J. Za rova 357 5 Novice Voters Politics Culture (The Study About the Orientation of Novice Voters Politics on the Election of the Mayor and Vice Mayor in Kendari in Year 2017) by Unhalu Bahtiar 369 6 Assessment of Competitive Advantages of the Pavlodar Region and its Economic Strength by Marat Asilbekovitsh Bayandin, Aina Serikovna Narynbayeva, Zul ya Amangeldinovna Arynova, Gulmira Duisenbayevna Bayandina, and Roza Kenzheevna Alimkhanova, 380 7 Increase in Economic E ciency of Irrigated Lands in Kazakhstan by B. Bekbenbetova, B. Turebekova, Z. Rakhmetulina, I. Sembieva, and l. Gumilyev 397 8 Concept and Di erent Types of Restrictive Business Practices in the Legal Orders of BRICS Countries (the Case of China, India, Russia and South Africa) by Ksenia Michailovna Belikova, Natalia Vladimirovna Badaeva, Evgenia Evgenevna Frolova, and Mihail Nikolaevich Dudin ... 404 9 Localization of Subjective Assessment Risks in the Public Procurement System Based on Fuzzy Logic by Kirill Anatolievich Belokrylov, and Lidiya Pavlovna Runova 411 10 Newly Discovered Circumstances in Administrative Legal Proceedings of Ukraine Olena Bielova, Yevgeniy Romanenko, and Roman Kaydashev 418 11 Improving Competitiveness of the Wheat Production within the Siberian Region (in Terms of the Omsk region) by Igor Aleksandrovich Bobrenko, Oksana Viktorovna Shumakova, Natalya Viktorovna Goman, Yuriy Ivanovich Novikov, Valentina Ivanovna Popova, and Oleg Anatolievich Blinov 426 Spring 2017 Volume VIII, Issue 2(24) Editor in Chief Madalina Constantinescu Association for Sustainable Education Research and Science, Romania, Romania Co-Editors Russell Pittman International Technical Assistance Economic Analysis Group Antitrust Division, USA Eric Langlais EconomiX CNRS and Université Paris Ouest-Nanterre, France Editorial Advisory Board Huseyin Arasli Eastern Mediterranean
University, North Cyprus Jean-Paul Gaertner Ecole de Management de Strasbourg, France Shankar Gargh Editor in Chief of Advanced in Management, India Arvi Kuura Pärnu College, University of Tartu, Estonia Piotr Misztal Technical University of Radom, Economic Department, Poland Peter Sturm Université de Grenoble 1 Joseph Fourier, France Rajesh K. Pillania Management Developement Institute, India Rachel Price-Kreitz Ecole de Management de Strasbourg, France Andy Stefanescu University of Craiova, Romania Laura Ungureanu Association for Sustainable Education Research and Science, Romania, Romania Hans-Jürgen Weißbach, University of Applied Sciences - Frankfurt am Main, Germany Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 329 ASERS Publishing Copyright © 2017, by ASERS ® Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Romanian Copyright, Designs and Patents Law, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department of ASERS Publishing: [email protected] and [email protected] http://journals.aserspublishing.eu ISSN 2068-696X Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle Journal s Issue DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v8.2(24).00 12 Re-Industrialization and Innovative Development of Russia by Ivan P. Danilov, Ekaterina A. Ilyina, Tatiana I. Ladykova, Nataliia V. Morozova, Yuri G. Nikiforov 437 13 Self-organization and Self-development as Key Factors in Improving Productivity by Lyutsiya Mugtabarovna Gaisina,
Marina Lvovna Belonozhko, Stepan Mikhailovich Kirichuk, Ekaterina Alexandrovna Sultanova, and Aleksandrina Yurievna Tumanova 444 14 The Organization as a Social Self-governing System by Lyutsiya Mugtabarovna Gaisina, Marina Lvovna Belonozhko, Andrey Viktorovich Artyukhov, Ekaterina Alexandrovna Sultanova, and Galiya Rashidovna Dallakian 454 15 Russian Regions in the System of International Cooperation by Marat Zufarovich Gibadullin, Aigul Rustamovna Nurieva, Asiya Mirgasimovna Ilyasova, and Farida Fargatovna Gatina 463 16 Territorial Imperatives of Industrial Production Development by Natalia Nikolaevna Kiseleva, Anna Aleksandrovna Orlyanskaya, Azamat Borisovich Tlisov, Arsen Azidovich Tatuev, and Nina Rafaelovna Gukasova 469 17 The Problems of Economical Safety During the Formation of the Creative Cluster for a Region by Alyona
Sergeevna Koksharova, Elena Nikolaevna Vanchikova, Vladimir Alekseevich Ruban, Viktori ya Matveevna Baginova, Iand rina Arkhipovna Sharaldaeva 477 18 Some Aspects of the Formation and Development of the Jury in Foreign Countries and in Kazakhstan by Galym Kozhakhmetov, and Manshuk Rakhimgulova 485 19 Provisions for E ective Development of Regional Agricultural Systems in Russia s Economy by Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov, Nadezhda Viktorovna Ukolova, Sergey Vladimirovich Monakhov, and Juliya Anatolyevna Shikhanova 490 20 Information Flows Balance and Price of Real Estate by Konstantin L. Lidin, Mark G. Meerovich, Elena A. Bulgakova, and Svetlana A. Zabelina 496 21 The Concept of Common Heritage of Mankind in the Advisory Opinion of 1 February 2011 by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea by Siavash Mirzaee, Aslan Khuseinovich Abashidze, and Alexander Mikhailovich Solntsev 505 22 Applying Methods of Estimating Inde niteness Conditions in the Context of Ensuring Economic Safety of Regions by Anna Viktorovna Orlova, and Julia Vladimirovna Lyshchikova 511 Spring 2017 Volume VIII, Issue 2(24) Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 330 ASERS Publishing Copyright © 2017, by ASERS ® Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of
this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Romanian Copyright, Designs and Patents Law, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department of ASERS Publishing: [email protected] and [email protected] http://journals.aserspublishing.eu ISSN 2068-696X Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle Journal s Issue DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v8.2(24).00 23 In uence of Marketing and Advertising on E ciency of the Pharmaceutical Distribution Services by Nikolay V. Mordovchenkov, Larisa N. Mitroshkina, Gennady A. Tikhomirov, and Elena V. Panina 520 24 Assessment of Risks of Investment and Construction Activities: Russian Practice by N.A. Osadchaya, A.D. Murzin, and E.E. Torgayan 529 25 Social and Political Processes, Socialization Institutions and Youth Policy Subjects of Modern Russia by Nadezhda G. Osipova, Sergey O. Elishev, Gennadi B. Pronchev, and Danila N. Monakhov 545 26 Transformation of Traditional Competitive Advantages of Companies Within Ensuring the Economic Security by Tatyana A. Polovova, Irina P. Gladilina, Yuri
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V. Volgina, Violetta V. Rokotyanskaya 644 36 Current Trends In uencing the Competitiveness of International Tourism by Svetlana V. Veretekhina, Alla V. Medvedeva, Mikhail V. Vinichenko, Tatiana S. Demchenko, Tatyana V. KaryaginA, and Sergey A. Makushkin 658 37 Analysis and Prospects of Developing Higher Education as a Key Factor of Economy Development (Comparative Analysis) by E. Yeralina 670 38 The Role of the Prosecutor in the System of Criminal Prosecution in Russia by Magomedgadzhi Yu Yusupov, Bagavdin M. Magomedov, Bika B. DZhamalova, Guseyn B. Magomedov, and Rasul M. Akutaev 679 39 Methodological Basis for the Strategic Analysis of Development of International Hotel Chains in Russia by Natalia A. Zaitseva, Anna A. Larionova, Olga V. Skrobotova, Raisa M. Ivanova, and Oksana I. Radina 689 Spring 2017 Volume VIII, Issue 2(24) Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 332 Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics is designed to provide an outlet for theoretical and empirical research on the interface between economics and law. The Journal explores the various understandings that economic approaches shed on legal institutions. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics publishes theoretical and empirical peer reviewed research in law and economics related subjects. Referees are chosen with one criterion in mind: simultaneously, one should be a lawyer and the other an economist. The journal is edited for readability both lawyers and economists scholars and specialized practitioners count among its readers. To explore the various understandings that economic approaches shed on legal institutions, the Review applies to legal issues the insights developed in economic disciplines such as microeconomics and game theory, nance, econometrics, and decision theory, as well as in related disciplines such as political economy and public choice, behavioral economics and social psychology. Also, Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics publishes research on a broad range of topics including the economic analysis of regulation and the behavior of regulated rms, the political economy of legislation and legislative processes, law and nance, corporate nance and governance, and industrial organization. Its approach is broad ranging with respect both to methodology and to subject matter. It embraces interrelationships between economics and procedural or substantive law (including international and European Community law) and also legal institutions, jurisprudence, and legal and politico legal theory. The quarterly journal reaches an international community of scholars in law and economics. Submissions to Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics are welcome. The paper must be an original unpublished work written in English (consistent British or American), not under consideration by other journals. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics is currently indexed in SCOPUS, EconLit, RePec, CEEOL, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Cabell s Directory. Invited
manuscripts will be due till July 1 st , 2017, and shall go through the usual, albeit somewhat expedited, refereeing process. Deadline for submission of proposals: 1 st of July 2017 Expected Publication Date: September 2017 Web: http://journals.aserspublishing.eu E mail: [email protected] Full author s guidelines are available from: http://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jarle/about Call for Papers Volume VIII, Issue 3(25), Summer 2017 Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 369 Novice Voters Politics Culture (The Study About the Orientation of Novice Voters Politics on the Election of the Mayor and Vice Mayor in Kendari in Year 2017) Unhalu BAHTIAR Faculty of Political Science, University of Haluoleo Kendari, Indonesia [email protected] Suggested Citation: Bahtiar, Unhalu 2017. Novice voters politics culture
(the study about the orientation of novice voters politics on the election of the mayor and vice mayor in Kendari in year 2017). Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, Volume VIII, Spring, 2(24): 369 379. DOI: 10.14505/jarle.v8.2(24).05. Available from: http://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jarle/index Article s History: Received December, 2016; Revised February, 2016; Published March, 2017. Copyright © 2017, by ASERS ® Publishing. All rights reserved. Abstract: Democracy is important for every people, in order to create democratic country. The voter is an important part of democracy. Simply election is the way of citizen to do politics activity or politics contract with another person or politics party who are given the mandate or the authority to implement the partly power of people/voters. This study was conducted with the aim to study about the orientation
of novice voters politics on the election of the mayor and vice mayor in Kendari in year 2017. The informant of the research was individual who would use his election rights for the rst time in direct election. Structural model presented the relationship among study variables. Coe cient of structural model stated the magnitude relationship between one variable to another variable. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that factors that a ect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 are factor that in uence older people, factor of individual s choice, factor of mass media, politics party and politics advertisement and contemporary friend. Keywords: novice voters; democracy; local election; politics. JEL Classi cation: C91; E60; F00; H82; D72. Introduction Indonesia makes democracy as a politics doctrine that is adhered, it is based on the opening of constitution in paragraph 4. In the opening of the constitution there is sovereignty word that means supreme authority is in the hands of the people. Democracy is important for every people, in order to create democratic country. The voter is an important part of democracy. Simply election is the way of citizen to do politics activity or politics contract with another person or politics party who are given the mandate or the authority to implement the partly power of people/voters. Politics culture is part of people culture with traits that are more typical. The term of politics culture includes the legitimacy problem, authority management, process of policy making by Government, activity of politics parties, behavior of nation apparatus, and the result of the people toward the ruling power. Politics activity also enters religious world, economics and social activity, personal and social life widely. Regarding to the politics education for students as part of people of novice voters in Local Leaders Election is expected to become the learning process to understand nationalist. As it is known that Local Leaders Election is the changing process of Mayor and Vice Mayor who are recognized lawfully, and the momentum for the people to directly determine the spouse of Mayor and Vice Mayor that is suitable with people s aspiration/desire. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v8.2(24).05 Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 370 Originality for this paper shows: (1) novice voters used to be variables (2) case study election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 (3) quantitative data from survey. 1. Literature Review / State of Arts / Research Background 1.1. The concept of novice voters In the every implementation of General Election, there is rst-time voters who deserve to get the opportunity to vote. This group is often called as novice voters. Their ages range from 17 up to 21 years (Election Law) and in average their status as students, university students, and youth worker. This group obviously has di erent characteristic than other voters who already have experience in using their election rights on some of the previous elections (Pahmi 2010, 54). 1.2. The concept of politics participation According to Rosseau, politics participation consists of two types. First, the observer who pays attention to politics is not only during election period, but also between one and another general election. Second, active participation is the audience who not only observes, but also actively communicates with politics leader or politician, both in Government and in Parliament or outside Parliament. There are several factors that a ect its high or low politics participation. Firstly, politics awareness and trust in Government (politics system). What is meant by politics awareness is awareness of rights and obligations as citizens. Secondly, is concerning the knowledge from a person about people s environment and politics, and is concerning the interest from a person about his/her environment of people and politics. What is meant by behavior and trust in Government is a person s assessment toward Government. 1.3. Education and politics awareness of adolescents In the general term, politics education is the way how a nation's politics culture transfers from generation to generation (Panggabean 1994, 34). Meanwhile, the politics culture is the overall value, empirical belief, and expressive symbol that determine the situations in the place where politics activity
is implemented. Politics education as a delivering process of the nation's politics culture includes politics ideals and operational norms from the system of politics organization that is based on the values of Pancasila. Politics education needs to be improved as politics awareness toward rights and obligations as a citizen, so students are expected to participate actively in the nationalist life and development. Democracy education that is ideal generally is part of good education. Referring to that it is suggested by Gandal and Finn (Saripudin 2001) that it is needed to be improved the model of school-based democracy education. 1.4. Adolescents culture as a novice voters Students or adolescents generally have current social system which seems to illustrate that they have their own world . Adolescents culture is relaxed, free and tends to liking informal things and looking for fun, therefore all things that less fun is avoided. Adolescents need a support and consensus from their contemporary group. In this case any deviation of values and norms in a group will receive censure from their group, because the relationship between the adolescents and their group are solider and loyal. The adolescents generally over the groups that are smaller based on similarities in interest, pleasure or other factors. 1.5. Politics behavior The study on voters behavior is a study of reason and factor that cause individual to choose one party or candidate who participates in politics dispute. Voters behavior either as constituent or general people here is understood as part of the concept of people politics participation in the system that primaries tend to be democratic. According to Firmanzah (Efriza 2012, 480), generally voters are interpreted as all parties who became the main goal of the contestants for being in uenced and convinced to support and then give the vote for the pertinent contestants. In this case voters can be either constituents or people who are feeling represented by a certain ideology and then being manifested in politics institution such as politics party. Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 371 1.6. Politics orientation and politics behavior According to Ranney, there are two main components from politics culture. There are cognitive orientation and a ective orientation. Meanwhile, Almond and Verba with more comprehensive refer to what is formulated by Parsons and Shils about the classi cation of the orientation types, politics culture that contains three components of politics object as follows: Cognitive orientation that is knowledge of and credence in politics, the role and all the obligations and its input and output. A ective orientation is a feeling toward politics system, the role, the actor and his/her performance. Evaluative orientation is the decision and opinion about politics objects that typically involve standard of value and criteria with information and feeling. 1.7. Factors that in uence politics orientation of novice voters According to Mulyas (2007, 267), factors which a ect the politics participation of students as the novice voters are explained as follows: § socioeconomic factor includes the knowledge level, education level and the number of students. This has to be one of the factors that a ect students as novice voters to actively participate in politics; § politics factor according to Arnstein S.R (1969), includes: politics communication, politics awareness, knowledge as novice voters toward the process of decision making and control as public policy; § physical factor of individual and environment; § factor of cultural value. 2. Methodology The type of research that is used in this study is qualitative and quantitative approach, or that is known as mixing methods. The use of qualitative method in this research is intended to gain deeper perspective about the occurrence of election process congestion of Mayor in Kendari, the factors that a ect election process congestion of Mayor in Kendari. Theoretically, qualitative method
is used by some considerations, rst; its adjustment more easily when confronts with double reality, second; this method presents directly relationship between researcher and respondent, and third; this method is more sensitive and more able to adjust to the many sharpening of collective in uence and toward the patterns that are encountered (Moleong 2002, 5). The location of this research was in Kendari city. The researcher chose Kendari city for research location because in Kendari city cold be held the Mayor election of Kendari in 2017 with the amount of novice voters that were large enough with high plurality/heterogeneity and complex orientation. The informant of the research was novice voters that are students in MAN 1 Kendari, SMK 3 Kendari, SMK 1 Kendari and university students as much as 44 people. Novice voters were people who were in 17-21 years old or an individual who would use his election rights for the rst time in direct election. The data that had been completed successfully from qualitative approach was analyzed both at the time of the ongoing research and after the completion of the research eld. Therefore the analysis model that was used in this study was model from Miles and Huberman. Therefore this research was descriptive-analytical, and then the analysis of the data was done interactively and taking place continuously, included the process of data reduction, data presentation, and summary. This process was conducted simultaneously in the eld (analysis in the eld) so that the data would be more profound. While the quantitative data from survey result would be analyzed quantitatively through frequency tabulate, so it appeared clearly many variants that a ected and dominant variable, which a ected politics orientation of novice voters as a form of politics culture. 3. Case studies/experiments/ demonstrations/ application functionality 3.1. The knowledge of novice voters about politics The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer know as many as 15 people (34%) and who answer do not know as many as 25 people (67%). Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 372 When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about politics increases up to 13 people (59.50%) or increases around 20%, and respondents who answer know as many as 23 people (52%) or increases up to 18%, and there are only 8 people (17.50%) who do not know or declines around 40%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 1. Table 1. Knowledge of novice voters about politics on the election of the Mayor and Vice Mayor in Kendari in year 2017 Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 4 9% Very Know 13 29,50% Know 15 34% Know 23 52% Don t Know 25 57% Don t Know 8 17,50% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.2. The knowledge of novice voters about Democracy The answer to the question of politics about democracy knowledge toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer know as many as 12 people (27%) and who answer do not know as many as 28 people (64%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about democracy increases up to 11 people (25%) or increases around 30%, and respondents who answer know as many as 8 people (17%) or declines around decreases up to 43%, and there are only 8 people (17%) who do not know or declines around 40%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 2. Table 2. The knowledge of novice voters about Democracy Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 4 9% Very Know 11 25% Know 12 27% Know 25 57,50% Don t Know 28 64% Don t Know 8 17,50% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.3. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Who used to do Democracy The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer know as many as 10
people (23%) and who answer do not know as many as 30 people (68%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about democracy increases up to 17 people (39%) or increases around 20%, and respondents who answer know as many as 21 people (48%) or increases up to 25%, and there are only 6 people (13%) who do not know or declines around 55%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 3. Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 373 Table 3. Voters Political Sciences starters on who should democracy Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 4 9% Very Know 17 39% Know 10 23% Know 21 48% Don t Know 30 68% Don t Know 6 13% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.4. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Why used to do Democracy The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer know as many as 12 people (27%) and who answer do not know as many as 26 people (59%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about democracy increases up to 15 people (34%) or increases around 25%, and respondents who answer know as many as 23 people (32%) or increases up to 5%, and there are only 6 people (14%) who do not know or declines around 45%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 4. Table 4. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about why used to do Democracy Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 6 14% Very Know 15 34% Know 12 27% Know 23 32% Don t Know 26 59% Don t Know 6 14% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.5. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Direct Voting The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 6 people (14%), respondents who answer know as many as 12 people (27%) and who answer do not know as many as 26 people (59%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about direct voting increases up to 15 people (34%) or increases around 25%, and respondents who answer know as many as 23 people (32%) or increases up to 5%, and there are only 6 people (14%) who do not know or declines around 45%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 5. Table 5. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Direct Voting Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 6 14% Very Know 15 34% Know 12 27% Know 23 32% Don t Know 26 59% Don t Know 6 14% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 374 3.6. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about how Important Voting are The answer to
the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 5 people (11%), respondents who answer know as many as 12 people (27%) and who answer do not know as many as 27 people (62%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about how important voting are increases up to 9 people (20%) or increases around 9%, and respondents who answer know as many as 24 people (55%) or increases up to 28%, and there are only 11 people (25%) who do not know or declines around 37%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 6. Table 6. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about how Important Voting are Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 5 11% Very Know 9 20% Know 12 27% Know 24 55% Don t Know 27 62% Don t Know 11 25% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.7. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Constitution that Set the Direct Voting The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 3 people (7%), respondents who answer know as many as 5 people (11%) and who answer do not know as many as 36 people (82%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about constitution that set the direct voting increases up to 5 people (11%) or increases around 4%, and respondents who answer know as many as 27 people (62%) or increases up to 51%, and there are only 12people (27%) who do not know or declines around 55%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 7. Table 7. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Constitution
that set the Direct Voting Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 3 7% Very Know 5 11% Know 5 11% Know 27 62% Don t Know 36 82% Don t Know 12 27% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.8. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about the Stages of Direct Voting The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer do not know as many as 44 people (100%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about the stages of direct voting increases up to 5 people (11%) or increases around 11%, and respondents
who answer know as many as 30 people (69%) or increases up to 69%, and there are only 9people (20%) who do not know or declines around 80%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 8. Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 375 Table 8. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about the Stages of Direct Voting Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know - - Very Know 5 11% Know - - Know 30 69% Don t Know 44 100% Don t Know 9 20% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.9. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Rights to Vote The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 4 people (9%), respondents who answer know as many as 17 people (39%) and who answer do not know as many as 23 people (53%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about rights to vote increases up to 15 people (34%) or increases around 23%, and respondents who answer know as many as 25 people (58%) or increases up to 19%, and there are only 4people (9%) who do not know or declines around 44%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 9. Table 9. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Rights to Vote Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) Very Know 4 9% Very Know 15 34% Know 17 39% Know 25 58% Don t Know 23 53% Don t Know 4 9% Total
44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.10. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Requirement to be Voters The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents who answer know as many as 37 people (84%) and who answer do not know as many as 7 people (16%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about requirement to be voters increases up to 35 people (80%) or increases around 80%, and respondents who answer know as many as 9 people (20%) or decreases up to 64%, and there are 0people (0%) who do not know or declines around 16%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 10. Table 10. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about Requirement to be Voters Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know - - Very Know 35 80% Know 37 84% Know 9 20% Don t Know 7 16% Don t Know - - Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 376 3.11. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about how to Voting The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 2 people (5%), respondents who answer know as many as 38 people (86%) and who answer do not know as many as 4 people (9%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about how to voting increases up to 30 people (68%) or increases around 55%, and respondents who answer know as many as 11 people (25%) or decreases up to 61%, and there are only 3 people (7%) who do not know or declines around 2%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 11. Table 11. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about how to Voting Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 2 5% Very Know 30 68% Know 38 86% Know 11 25% Don t Know 4 9% Don t Know 3 7% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.12. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about election of Mayor 2017 The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 2 people (5%), respondents who answer know as many as 9 people (20%) and who answer do not know as many as 33 people (75%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know
about election of mayor increases up to 7 people (16%) or increases around 5%, and respondents who answer know as many as 27 people (61%) or decreases up to 41%, and there are only 10people (10%) who do not know or declines around 65%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 12. Table 12. The knowledge of Novice Voters about election of Mayor 2017 Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 2 5% Very Know 7 16% Know 9 20% Know 27 61% Don t Know 33 75% Don t Know 10 10% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.13. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about the Di erent of the Leader The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 5 people (11%), respondents who answer know as many as 7 people (16%) and who answer do not know as many as 32 people (63%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about Di erent of the Leader increases up to 12 people (53%) or increases around 42%, and respondents who answer know as many as 23 people (27%) or decreases up to 11%, and Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 377 there are only 9 people (20%) who do not know or declines around 43%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 13. Table 13. The Knowledge of Novice Voters about the Di erent of the Leader Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 5 11% Very Know 12 53% Know 7 16% Know 23 27% Don t Know 32 63% Don t Know 9 20% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.14. The Attitude of Novice Voters to Voting The answer to the question of politics knowledge before it is conducted the socialization toward 44 respondents, can be explained that the value that is produced by the respondents can be seen that the respondents who answer very know only 27 people (61%), respondents who answer know as many as 4 people (9%) and who answer do not know as many as 13 people (30%). When being compared to the answer after the implementation of socialization can be explained that respondents who answer very know about Attitude to vote increases up to 34 people (77%) or increases around 16%, and respondents who answer know as many as 0 people (0%) or decreases up to 9%, and there are only 10 people (23%) who do not know or declines around 7%. The comparison of the answer result can be seen in the following Table 14. Table14. The Attitude of Novice Voters to Voting Before Socialization Frequency Percentage(%) After Socialization Frequency Percentage (%) Very Know 27 61% Very Know 34 77% Know 4 9% Know - - Don t
Know 13 30% Don t Know 10 23% Total 44 100% Total 44 100% Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. 3.15. Factors that a ect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor of Kendari in 2017 Factors that a ect novice voters in using their election rights are based on the data collection in the eld, interview result with 44 respondents that consist of students from MAN 1 Kendari, SMAN 3 Kendari, SMKN 1 Kendari and university students who are novice voters, then the researcher nds some factors that a ect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 can be seen in the following Table 15. Table 15. Factors that a ect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor of Kendari in 2017 No Factor that a ect Frequency Percentage 1 Parents 10 23 2 Self choice 20 45 3 Political party,
mass media and political advertisement 9 20 4 Friends 5 12 Total 44 100 Source: Processed Questionnaire, 2017. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 378 From Table 15 above, the predominant factors that a ect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 are the factor in the election itself as many as 20 people (45%) and the factor of older people as many as 10 people (23%). 3.16. Politics orientation of novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor of Kendari in 2017 Politics orientation is the perspective from a group of people in the people structure their selves. The appearance of the orientation is caused by the values that exist inside people and outside people that will form their behavior and become their pattern to overview politics object. 4. Discussion Novice voters knowledge toward the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017. Understanding and knowledge of the participants are in average of 72%. But from the behavior side, it turns out that this instrument has not been able to give factual overview because the implementation time is not in unison with the implementation of election. Therefore, it is needed to be conducted service activity for older people with more comprehensive pattern in the future especially before and after the Local Leaders Election is conducted. However, the good enough impression is that there is faith at least 77% of novice voters behavior to choose direct Local Leaders Election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017. This means that democracy awareness increases rightly. Factors that a ect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017. Politics behavior is generally determined by internal factor from the individual him/herself such as idealism, intelligence level, conscience and external factor (environmental condition) such as religious a air, social, politics, economics and other that surroundings it. There are many factors that a ect new voter in politics as follows: social economic factor, politics factor, individual physic and environtment factor. Cultural factor is a basic that make a democration. De ne a preception, knowledge, attitude and politic beliefs. Politics orientation of novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017. The description in the research discussion toward the politics orientation of the novice voters on the Local Leaders Election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 that there are several important parts as follows: cognitive orientation of politics participation of novice voters, a ective orientation toward politics participation of novice voters, and evaluative orientation toward politics participation of novice voters. Conclusion Based on the collective data result in the eld and the research result on previous chapter, then researcher concludes that: § factors that a ect novice voters in using their election rights in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in
2017 are factor that in uence older people, factor of individual s choice, factor of mass media, politics party and politics advertisement and contemporary friend; § dominant factor that a ects novice voters in using their election right in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 are in uence factor of individual s choice (45%) and older people (23%); § politics orientation of novice voters in using their election right in the election of Mayor and Vice Mayor of Kendari in 2017 whether it includes cognitive orientation, e ective orientation or evaluative orientation has led to the positive orientation, when the orientation that is showed by knowledge level and frequency awareness, feeling and positive evaluation toward politics object. Based on the conclusion result then researcher suggests: § to improve the politics orientation of novice voters that is needed to be
conducted the politics education for the novice voters through formal, informal or non formal activity; § General Elections Commission in Kendari city in the implementation of election socialization to regional leader has to be more intensive in conducting the socialization by the guidance, election simulation, introduction of candidates pro le to the novice voters; Volume VIII, Issue 2(24), Spring 2017 379 § it is needed a continuously guidance to the novice voters and generally people in Kendari city in order to maintain the politics awareness that has been awakened. References [1] Almond, G.A, and Verba, S. 1990. Cultural Politics, Political Behavior and Democracy in Five Countries. Jakarta: Bina Aksara. [2] Arnstein, S.R. 1969. A Ladder of Citizen Participation, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35 (4): 216-224 [3] Efriza. 2012. Political Explore: A Study of Politics (In Indonesia Political Explore: Sebuah Kajian Ilmu Politik). Bandung: Alfabeta. [4] Moleong, L. 2002. Qualitative Research Methodology. Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya. [5] Mulyasa. 2007. Factors a ecting Political Participation Student. Jakarta: Green School Pendidikan. [6] Ngabiyanto. 2003. Exposure Subject of Political Science (In Indonesia Paparan Kuliah Ilmu Politik). Semarang: UNNES [7] Pangabean. 1994. Political Education and
