Microsoft Load Balancing and Clusterin

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Outline

• Introduction

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Introduction

• Server cluster is used to provide failover support

for applications and services.

• A Server cluster can consist of several nodes

(computers).

• Each node is attached to one or more cluster

storage devices.

• Cluster storage devices allow different servers to

share the same data, and by reading this data

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Introduction

• Load balancing is used to scale the system

as the client requests are increased

• It is suitable for static data which can be

copied to several load balancing servers

• Each server is autonomous which means

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Cluster Farm

• A farm is a group of servers that run similar

services, but do not typically share data.

• They are called a farm because they handle

whatever requests are passed out to them using

identical copies of data that is stored locally.

• Because they use identical copies of data (rather

than sharing data), members of a farm operate

autonomously and are also referred to as

clones

.

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Cluster Pack

• A pack is a group of servers that operate together and share partitioned data.

• They are called a pack because they work together to manage and maintain services.

• Because members of a pack share access to partitioned data, they have unique operations modes and usually access the shared data on disk drives to which all members of the pack are connected.

• An example of a pack is a database Server cluster running SQL Server 2000 and a server cluster with partitioned database views. Members of the pack share access to the data and have a unique chunk of data or logic that they handle, rather than handling all data requests.

• In a 4-node SQL Server cluster:

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Server configurations

• Server clusters can be setup using many different

configurations.

• Servers can be either active or passive, and

different servers can be configured to take over the

failed resources of another server.

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Clients

Windows Clustering

The Big Picture

IIS Web Server

or other IP based services

Network Load

Balancing

SQL, Exchange, File

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Windows Clustering:

Addressing Concerns

• Scalability

– Scale Up

– Scale Out

• High Availability

– 99.9% Uptime

• Manageability

– Remote

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Windows Clustering

Vocabulary

• _{MSCS – Server clusters provide failover of resources}

representing services, applications and base system

features between the servers in the Cluster.

• NLB – (WLBS) Network Load Balancing clusters

distribute client requests or TCP/IP network traffic among

many servers in the Cluster.

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Server Clusters

Private network Private network

(heartbeats, status, control) (heartbeats, status, control)

RAID disk sets RAID disk sets

Multi-initiator SCSI or Multi-initiator SCSI or

SCSI over Fibre Channel SCSI over Fibre Channel Cluster servers

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Server Clusters

Recommended Environments

• Microsoft SQL Server™ 6.5 & 7.0

• Microsoft Exchange 5.5

• File shares

• Printer shares

• Other cluster-aware applications & services

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NLB Host NLB Host NLB Host

NLB Host

NLB Virtual NLB Virtual IP Address IP Address

NLB Host

NLB Host NLB HostNLB Host NLB HostNLB Host

Internet/

Network Load Balancing

Logical Design

• No single point of failure

• _{No performance}

bottleneck

• No additional hardware

needed

• Grow incrementally as

demand increases

• Up to 32 nodes in a cluster

 Handle both planned and unplanned server downtime _{Handle both planned and unplanned server downtime} transparently

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Configuring NLB with two network

adapters

• 1. Assign appropriate IP addresses to each NIC, placing the NICs in separate

subnets. Rename the first NIC “Public“ and the second to “NLB“, do this for each machine.

• * Node1 – • o "Public" NIC

* IP address: 10.10.10.11 * Subnet: 255.255.255.0 * Gateway: 10.10.10.1 * DNS: as appropriate

• o "NLB" NIC

* IP address: 192.168.1.1 * Subnet: 255.255.255.0 * Gateway: N/A

* DNS: N/A

2. On the "Public" NICs, click "Advanced" and add an additional IP address as the Virtual IP Address which clients will connect to from the Public network (i.e. - 10.10.10.169)

•Node2

-o "Public" NIC

* IP address: 10.10.10.12 * Subnet: 255.255.255.0 * Gateway: 10.10.10.1 * DNS: as appropriate •

o "NLB" NIC

* IP address: 192.168.1.2 * Subnet: 255.255.255.0 * Gateway: N/A

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Cluster models

• Single node server clusters can be configured with, or without,

external cluster storage devices. For single node clusters

without an external cluster storage device, the local disk is

configured as the cluster storage device.

• Single quorum device server clusters have two or more nodes

and are configured so that every node is attached to one or

more cluster storage devices. The cluster configuration data is

stored on a single cluster storage device.

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Cluster application types

• Cluster-unaware applications. These types of applications do not interact with the server cluster at all but can still fail over. Failure detection is limited. The Cluster service protects these applications mainly against hardware failures.

• Cluster-aware applications. These types of applications are

characterized by superior failure detection. The Cluster service can protect these applications not only against hardware but also against software failures.

• Cluster management applications. These types of applications, which include Cluster Administrator and Cluster.exe, allow administrators to manage and configure clusters.

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