THE EFFECT OF APPLYING GROUP INVESTIGATION
METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT
IN READING COMPREHENSION
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement
for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
CHARLES NAINGGOLAN
Registration Number.2101121008
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
DECLARATION
Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been expressed in my own words and has not previously been submitted for assessment.
I understand that this thesis may be screened electronically or otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan, April 2015
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ABSTRACT
Nainggolan, Charles. 2101121008. The Effect of Applying Group Investigation Method on Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2015.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Applying Group
Investigation Method on Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade X, Senior High School (Sekolah Menengah Atas) Sma Swasta HKBP Sidorame Medan, which consisted of 60 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was reading comprehension test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.80, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58, t-observed value 3,27 > t-table value 2.00. The findings indicate that applying Group Investigation Method significantly affected the students’ reading comprehension. It means that, English teachers are suggested to use Group Investigation Method in order to
improve students’ reading comprehension achievement in report text.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and the foremost, the writer would like to express his deepest gratitude to Jesus Christ for His blessing, health and opportunity which has enabled him to complete this thesis. he realizes that he would never have been able to complete it without the love of Jesus, the guidance of his lecturers, help from friends, and support from his family. This thesis has been written in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan of the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In order to finish an complete this thesis, the writer was helped by many people through their guidences, supports, prays, comments, and suggestions. The writer would like to express her gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., Rector, State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., Dean, Faculty of Languages and Arts.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., Head, English Department, and also his reviewer and examiner.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the secretary of English Department.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., Head, English Education Study Program, and also as his reviewer and examiner.
Drs. Willem Saragih, Dipl. Appl., M.Pd., his Thesis Consultant.
Dr. Rahmah.,M.Hum., his Academic Consultant.
Dra. Noralice Simbolon., the Headmaster of SMA HKBP Sidorame.
L. Napitupulu, S.Pd., the English Teacher of SMA HKBP Sidorame
His beloved father, mother and family, Bilson Nainggolan and Tiomada Sitinjak, Jun herbet Manalu, S.sos, MSP, Susi br Marpaung ST, MSP, for their endless love, prays, motivation, mental and financial support; his lovely brothers and Sister, Darisman, Doppak, Daud, Menanti, Arjun and Rosmawati br Nainggolan for their support, love, and care.
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His friends in PPLT SMP Swasta Awal Karya Pembangunan (AKP) Galang 2013 esspecially for Indra Manurung, Desmon Siburian. The writer realizes that the content of this thesis is not perfect, so he warmly welcomes any constructive suggestions that will improve the quality of this thesis. He hopes it would be useful for those who are interested in this field of study.
Medan, April 2015 The writer,
Charles Nainggolan 2101121008
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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Theoritical Framework ... 7
1. Students’ achievement in reading ... 7
2. Reading ... 8
3. The Purpose of Reading ... 9
4. Reading Comprehension ... 10
5. Level of Reading Comprehension ... 11
6. Assesment of Reading Comprehension ... 14
7. Genre ... 15
8. Report Text ... 15
9.Generic Structure of Report Text ... 15
10.Method ... 17
11. Group Investigation Method ... 17
12. Stage of Group Investigation Method ... 18
13. The Adventages and Disadventages of Group Investigation ... 20
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B. Conceptual Framework ... 22
C. Hypothesis ... 23
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Design ... 24
B. Population and Sample ... 25
1) Population ... 25
2) Sample ... 25
C. The Instrument for Collecting Data ... 25
D. The Procedures of Research ... 27
H. Statistical Hypothesis ... 32
CHAPTER IV : DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDING A. Data ... 33
Data Analysis ... 35
Reseach Finding ... 38
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 39
Suggestion ... 39
REFERENCES ... 40
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 The example of Report Text ... 16
Table 2.2 Teaching Procedures on Lecturing Method ... 21
Table 3.1 Experimental Research design ... 24
Table 3.2 Table of Specification ... 26
Table 3.3 Teaching Procedure of the Experimental Group ... 27
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A result of pre-test and post-test in experimental class ... 42
APPENDIX B result of pre-test and post-test in control class ... 44
APPENDIX C the score of realibility of the test ... 46
APPENDIX D the Calculation of the t-test ... 48
APPENDIX E t- ... 51
APPENDIX F reading multiple choice test ... 52
APPENDIX G answer keys ... 54
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of Study
There are four skills of language, they are listening, speaking, reading and writing. This study is focused on the reading skill. Reading is one skill which has
much contributions in improving the students‟ knowledge. The main goal of
reading is comprehension. Reading comprehension refers to reading by understanding the vocabulary, seeing the relationship among words and concepts,
organizing ideas, recognizing the outhor‟s porpuses, making judgment and
evaluating. Moreover, reading has formed part of syllabus in teaching English where students are expected to be able to comprehend the meaning of written text, such as descriptive, recount, narrative, procedure ,report and etc in the context of daily life.
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teach reading is less creative or still uses conventional method, such as speech and demonstration method.
In adition, based on the observation in grade X SMA Swasta HKBP Sidorame Medan, through interviewing the English teacher, Mery Simanjuntak S.Pd,. The writer found that the students got low score in reading comprehension. It can be seen in 29 of 40 students or 72% students could not pass the Minimal Completeness Criterion (KKM) namely 70 points which is decided in the school for English subject. Moreover, in the school still use conventional method to teach reading, for examples, speech method and lecturing method, it makes the students do not motivate and encourage them in teaching learning process. The data above indicates the achievement of students in reading comprehension is still low. Beside that, many students were struggling in comprehending text. Although, the text was explained several times, some of the them were really hard to understand the content and they showed uninteresting feeling in the teaching and learning process.
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Ivy (2006) states that the constructivist perspective asserts that knowledge
is acquired through the person‟s interactions with the social and material
environment, thus writer in this case proposes group Investigation Method as a solution for this problem. Group Investigation method is an organizational approach that allows a class to work actively and collaboratively in small groups and enable students to take an active role in determining their own learning goals and processes. And also the students will have opportunities to discuss what topic they are interested to investigate or to discuss the topic that is given by the teacher in group.
Sari (2012) has conducted a research and found that Group Investigation Method can help the students to solve their problem to improve writing ability. This condition becomes the reason why the writer would like to conduct a research by using Group Investigation Method. Pasaribu (2013) also conducted a research about Improving Students‟ Reading Comprehension Achievement in Recount text through Group Investigation Method. She concluded that Group
investigation Method is one of the effective method to improve students‟ reading
comprehension, and also made teaching learning process enjoyable and more active.
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Based on the explanation given, the writers hopes Group Investigation Method can be expected to help the students to solve their difficulties in reading comprehension. There are some kinds of genre namely recount, report, exposition spoof, analytical exposition, news item, anecdote, narrative, procedure, hortatory exposition, disccusion, reviews and explanation. In this study, the writer focuses on reading report text as a subject on learning material. The writer uses report text because report text is an informative text that provides useful information which
can enhance and enrich student‟ knowledge.
Therefore, this study is designed and conducted to identify the effect of applying Group Investigation Method on students‟ achievement in reading comprehension in report text.
B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the research problem is formulated as follows:
“ Is there any significant effect of applying Group Investigation Method on
students‟ achievement in reading comprehension in report text ?”
C. The Objective of the Study
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D. The Scope of the Study
According to Gerot and Wignell (1994:192), texts are devided into several types that known as genre; they are spoof, recount, report, analytical exposition, news item, anecdote, narrative procedure, descriptive, hortatory exposition, explanation, discussion, reviews. This study is focused on reading report text by applying Group Investigation method. The researcher uses report text because report text contains useful information which can enhance and enrich students‟ knowledge, and also this study focuses on four levels of reading comprehension, they are:
1. Literal comprehension 2. Interpretative comprehension 3. Critical comprehension 4. Creative comprehension
E. The Significance of the Study
The benefits of the study are: 1. Theoretical benefits
a. The result of the research can give information on how to solve the problems in teaching and learning English and to find out the effect of
“ Group Investigation method” on students „ reading comprehension.
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2. Practical benefits
a. The students: the students can improve their reading comprehension b. The teachers: the teachers can apply this method in their teaching
process to solve the students‟ problem in learning English, especially reading comprehension.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion
Based on the result of the data analysis and discussion, the researcher concludes that Applying Group Investigation Method significantly affects the
students’ achievement in reading comprehension, since students’ achievement in
reading report text who taught by applying Group Investigation method is higher than taught by Applying Lecturing Method. Therefore, the formulated hypothesis
as “The students’ achievement taught by Applying Group Investigation method in
reading report text is higher than those taught by Lecturing Method” is accepted. This supported by the data analysis results in which the t-observed (3.27) is higher than the t-table (2.00) at the significant level of (0.05).
B. Suggestions
Based on the conclusion above, the researcher gives some suggestions for those who are interested in teaching reading as follows:
1. English teachers are suggested to apply Group Investigation Method in their teaching learning process in order to improve their students’ achievement in reading report text.
2. Students follow the steps on Group Investigation Method to improve their achievement in reading comprehension particularly in reading report text. 3. Other researchers who may apply Group Investigation Method for further
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