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PENGARUH 2,4-D DAN FREKUENSI
SUBKULTUR TERHADAP PERUBAHAN GENETIK KULTUR
APIKAL BUD KELAPA SAWIT (
Elaeis guineensis
Jacq.) PADA
MEDIA MS.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian mengenai pengaruh 2,4-D dan frekuensi subkultur terhadap perubahan genetik kultur apikal bud kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pada media MS telah dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 2 faktorial yaitu faktor konsentrasi Asam 2,4-diklorofenoksi asetat (2,4-D) dengan taraf 0, 110, 120, dan 130 mg/L dan perlakuan subkultur dengan frekuensi 3, 4 dan 5 bulan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kalus pertama kali tumbuh pada perlakuan 130 mg/L 2,4-D. Warna kalus yang terbentuk putih kekuningan, putih kecokelatan dan kuning kecokelatan. Berat basah kalus tertinggi pada 120 mg/l 2,4-D + subkultur 5 bulan. Berdasarkan 2 primer RAPD (W-15 dan OPC-08) menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 2,4-D yang tinggi dan lamanya subkultur menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan genetik kalus apikal bud kelapa sawit.
Kata kunci: 2,4-D, apikal bud kelapa sawit, frekuensi subkultur, RAPD.
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THE EFFECT OF 2,4-D AND SUBCULTURE FREQUENCY ON
THE GENETIC CHANGES ON THE APICAL BUD OF OIL
PALM (
Elaeis guineensis
Jacq.) IN THE MS MEDIUM.
ABSTRACT
The study of the effect of 2,4-D and subculture frequency on the genetic changes on the apical bud of oil palm in the MS medium has been carried out.The research method was designed according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors which were four levels of 2,4-D concentration (0, 110, 120 and 130 mg/l) and three levels of subculture frequency (3, 4 and 5 months). The statistical analysis showed the fastest callus initiation was in MS medium enriched with 130 mg/l of 2,4-D. The colour of calli were white yellow, white brown and yellow brown. Meanwhile, the best treatment of callus fresh weight found in MS medium containing 120 mg/l of 2,4-D. Based on 2 RAPD primers W-15 and OPC-08 showed that concentration of 2,4-D and subculture frequency gave effect on genetic changes of oil palm.
Keywords: 2,4-D, apical bud of oil palm, subculture frequency, RAPD.
