Multimedia Technology
and Networking
Second Edition
Margherita Pagani
Bocconi University, Italy
Hershey • New York
Director of Editorial Content: Kristin Klinger Senior Managing Editor: Jennifer Neidig Managing Editor: Jamie Snavely Assistant Managing Editor: Carole Coulson Cover Design: Lisa Tosheff Printed at: Yurchak Printing Inc. Published in the United States of America by
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of multimedia technology and networking / Margherita Pagani, editor. -- 2nd ed. p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: "This publication offers a research compendium of human knowledge related to the emerging multimedia digital metamarket"--Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-1-60566-014-1 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-60566-015-8 (ebook) 1. Multimedia communications--Encyclopedias. I. Pagani, Margherita, 1971- TK5105.15.E46 2009
621.38203--dc22
2008030766
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
Raymond A. Hackney
Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Leslie Leong
Central Connecticut State University, USA Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann
University of Geneva, Switzerland Lorenzo Peccati
Bocconi University, Italy Nobuyoshi Terashima Waseda University, Japan Steven John Simon Mercer University, USA Andrew Targowski
Western Michigan University, USA Enrico Valdani
List of Contributors
Aljunid, S. A. /Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Utara Malaysia (KUKUM), Malaysia ... 1473
Abdullah, M. K. A. /University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia ... 1473
Abouaissa, Hafid /Haute Alsace University, France ... 587
Adekoya, Adeyemi A. /Virginia State University, USA ... 1423
Affendi Mohd Yusof, Shafiz /Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia ... 171
Agapiou, George /Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (ΟΤΕ), Greece ...1112
Ahsenali Chaudhry, Junaid /Ajou University, South Korea ... 105
Ainamo, Antti /University of Turku (UTU), Finland ... 496
Akhtar, Shakil /Clayton State University, USA ... 522
Amewokunu, Yao /Laval University, Canada ... 1206
Amoretti, Francesco /Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy ... 224
Anas, S. B. A. /University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia ... 1473
Badidi, Elarbi /United Arab Emirates University, UAE ... 267
Balfanz, Dirk /Computer Graphics Center (ZGDV), Germany ... 641
Baralou, Evangelia /ALBA Graduate Business School, Greece ... 581
Barreiro, Miguel /LambdaStream Servicios Interactivos, Spain... 749, 1023, 1464 Belesioti, Maria /OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; ... 149, 195, 1351 Berry, Joanna /Newcastle University, UK ... 849
Berzelak, Jernej /University of Ljubljana, Slovenia ... 1373
Bhattacharya, Sunand /ITT Educational Services Inc., USA ... 1224
Blashki, Kathy /Deakin University, Australia ... 1061
Bocarnea, Mihai C. /Regent University, USA ... 835, 894 Bojanić, Slobodan /Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain ... 776
Bose, Indranil /The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ... 655
Boslau, Madlen /Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany ... 247, 1232 Brown-Martin, Graham /Handheld Learning Ltd, UK ... 41
Burgos, Daniel /Open University of The Netherlands, The Netherlands ... 1100
Cantoni, Lorenzo /University of Lugano, Switzerland ... 349
Carroll, John /The Pennsylvania State University, USA ... 782
Cereijo Roibás, Anxo /SCMIS, University of Brighton, UK ... 1154
Chandran, Ravi /National University of Singapore, Singapore ... 1200
Chbeir, Richard /University of Bourgogne, France ... 140
Chen, Kuanchin /Western Michigan University, USA ... 402, 533, 795, 1086, 1345, 1480 Chen, Shuping /Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China ... 513
Chochliouros, Elpida /General Prefectorial Hospital “G. Gennimatas”, Greece ... 195, 502 Chochliouros, Ioannis /OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece ... ...149, 195, 324, 341, 391, 451, 502, 854, 921, 1112, 1351 Chochliouros, Stergios P. /Independent Consultant, Greece ...324, 341, 391, 451, 502, 854, 921, 1112
Chorianopoulos, Konstantinos /Ionian University, Greece ... 1142
Cirrincione, Armando /Bocconi University, Italy ... 1017
Clarke, Jody /Harvard University, USA ... 1033
Cleary, Paul /Northeastern University, USA ... 648
Cortini, Michela /University of Bari, Italy ... 128
Cragg, Paul B. /University of Canterbury, New Zealand ... 808
Cropf, Robert A. /Saint Louis University, USA ... 1525
Cruz, Christophe /Université de Bourgogne, France ... 1487
Curran, Kevin /University of Ulster, UK ... 1316, 1339, 1573 Czirkos, Zoltán /Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ... 54, 1215 da Silva, Henrique J. A. /Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal ... 482
Danenberg, James O. /Western Michigan University, USA ... 795
Daniels, David /Pearson Learning Solutions, USA ... 1224
de Abreu Moreira, Dilvan /Stanford University, USA & University of São Paulo, Brazil ... 1264
De Amescua, Antonio / Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain ... 22
Dhar, Subhankar /San Jose State University, USA ... 950
Dias dos Reis, Samira /Bocconi University, Italy ... 373
Dieterle, Edward /Harvard University, USA ... 1033
Dorn, Jürgen /Vienna University of Technology, Austria ... 1327
Doukoglou, Tilemachos D. /Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (ΟΤΕ), Greece ... 451
Du, Jianxia /Mississippi State University, USA ... 619
Dunning, Jeremy /Indiana University, USA ... 1224
El-Gayar, Omar /Dakota State University, USA ... 1345
Esmahi, Larbi /Athabasca University, Canada ... 267
Eyob, Ephrem /Virginia State University, USA ... 1423
Falk, Louis K. /University of Texas at Brownsville, USA ... 533, 1086, 1480 Farag, Waleed E. /Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA ... 83
Ferguson, Colleen /University of Ulster, UK ... 1573
Finke, Matthias /Computer Graphics Center (ZGDV), Germany ... 641
Freire, Mário M. /University of Beira Interior, Portugal ... 482, 1122 Ftima, Fakher Ben /University of Monouba, Tunisia ... 717
Fui-Hoon Nah, Fiona /University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA ... 1430
Fulcher, John /University of Wollongong, Australia ... 1493
Galanxhi-Janaqi, Holtjona /University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA ... 1430
Galinec, Darko /Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia, Republic of Croatia ... 901
Ganoe, Craig /The Pennsylvania State University, USA ... 782
Garcia, Luis /Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain ... 22
Georgiadou, Evangelia /OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece ... 149, 195, 1351 Ghanem, Hassan /University of Dallas, USA... 866
Goh, Tiong T. /Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand ... 460
Grahn, Kaj J. /Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Finland ... 1558
Guan, Sheng-Uei /Brunel University, UK ... 703, 930, 1399 Gulías, Víctor M. /University of A Coruña, MADS Group, Spain ... 749, 1023, 1464 Gunes Kayacik, Hilmi /Dalhousie University, Canada ... 305
Gupta, Phalguni /Indian Institute of Technology, India ... 121
Gupta, Sumeet /National University of Singapore, Singapore... 477, 691, 829 Gurău, Călin /GSCM - Montpellier Business School, France ... 205, 1453 Hackbarth, Klaus D. /University of Cantabria, Spain... 276
Hagenhoff, Svenja /Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany ... 113, 1232 Halang, Wolfgang /FernUniversitaet in Hagen, Germany ... 972
Hansen, Torben /Institute for Information Systems (IWi), Germany ... 1537
Hardy, Lawrence Harold /Denver Public Schools, USA ... 613
Hartman, Hope /City College of New York, USA ... 1066
Häsel, Matthias /University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany ... 299
Hautala, Jouni /Turku University of Applied Science, Finland ... 430
Heliotis, George /OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece ... 149, 195, 451, 1351 Hentea, Mariana /Excelsior College, USA ... 157, 675 Hirsbrunner, B. /University of Fribourg, Switzerland ... 1008
Hockmann, Volker /Techniker Krakenkasse, Hamburg, Germany ... 1284
Hofsmann, Cristian /Computer Graphics Center (ZGDV), Germany ... 641
Holmberg, Kim /Åbo Akademi University, Finland ... 842
Hosszú, Gábor /Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ... 54, 568, 574, 1215, 1307 Hughes, Jerald /University of Texas Pan-American, USA ... 254
Hui, Lin /Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ... 944
Hulicki, Zbigniew /AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland ... 380
Hürst, Wolfgang /Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany ... 98
Huvila, Isto /Åbo Akademi University, Finland ... 842
Indraratne, Harith /Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ... 568
Iossifides, Athanassios C. /Operation & Maintenance Department, Greece ... 595, 1178, 1416 Ishaya, Tanko /The University of Hull, UK ... 1406
Janczewski, Lech /The University of Auckland, New Zealand ... 1249
Jiang, Hao /The Pennsylvania State University, USA ... 782
Johnson, Stephen /Mobility Research Centre, UK ... 1154
Jones, Kiku /The University of Tulsa, USA ... 35
Jovanovic Dolecek, Gordana /Institute for Astrophysics Optics and Electronics, INAOE, Mexico ... 364
Jullien, Nicolas /LUSSI TELECOM Bretagne-M@rsouin, France ... 605
Jung, In-Sook /Kyungwon University, Korea ... 286
Kalyuga, Slava /The University of New South Wales, Australia ... 218
Kamariah Nordin, Nor /University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia ... 1443
Kameas, Achilles /Hellenic Open Univsersity, Italy ... 1093
Kanellis, Panagiotis /National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece ... 1512
Kantola, Mauri /Turku University of Applied Science, Finland ... 430
Karlsson, Jonny /Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Finland ... 1558
Karoui, Kamel /University of Monouba, Tunisia ... 717
Kase, Sue E. /The Pennsylvania State University, USA ... 539
Kaspar, Christian /Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany ... 113, 1232 Kaupins, Gundars /Boise State University, USA ... 938
Kaur, Abtar /Open University of Malaysia, Malaysia ... 1224
Keengwe, Jared /University of North Dakota, USA ... 1206
Kelly, Owen /University of Ulster, UK ... 1316
Kemper Littman, Marlyn /Nova Southeastern University, USA... 661
Kettaf, Noureddine /Haute Alsace University, France ... 587
Kidd, Terry T. /University of Texas School of Public Health, USA... 47, 789
Kim, Bosung /University of Missouri-Columbia, USA ... 1366
Kim, Mi-kying /Chungwoon University, South Korea ... 423
Kinshuk / Athabasca University, Canada ...460
Knoell, Heinz D. /University of Lueneburg, Germany ... 1284
Koh, Elizabeth /National University of Singapore, Singapore... 1080
Kollmann, Tobias /University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany ... 299
Kontolemakis, George /National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece ... 1512
Koper, Rob /Open University of The Netherlands, The Netherlands ... 1100
Kortum, Philip /Rice University, Texas, USA ... 625
Kovács, Ferenc /Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ... 574, 1307 Kulenkampff, Gabriele /WIK-Consult, Germany ... 276
Kulmala, Riika /Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland ... 697
Kwok, Percy /Logos Academy, China ... 821
LaBrunda, Andrew /University of Guam, USA ... 1531
LaBrunda, Michelle /Cabrini Medical Center, USA ... 1531
Lalopoulos, George K. / Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (OTE), Greece ...324, 854 Large, Andrew /McGill University, Canada ... 469
Lawson-Body, Assion /University of North Dakota, USA ... 1206
Lebow, David G. /HyLighter, Inc., USA ... 1066
Lee, Jeongkyu /University of Bridgeport, USA ... 1506
Lee, Jonathan K. /Suffolk University, USA ... 240
Lee, Maria R. /Shih-Chien University, Taiwan ... 1148
Lei, Ye /Shanghai GALILEO Industries Ltd., China ... 944
Leiss, Ernst L. /University of Houston, USA ... 1284
Lekakos, George /University of Cyprus, Cyprus ... 1142
Leonard, Lori N. K. /The University of Tulsa, USA ... 35
Leyking, Katrina /Institute for Information Systems (IWi), Germany ... 1537
Li, Chang-Tsun /University of Warwick, UK ... 260
Li, Qing /City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ... 986
Li, Shujun /FernUniversitaet in Hagen, Germany ... 972
Li, Zhong /FernUniversitaet in Hagen, Germany ... 972
Lian, Shiguo /France Telecom R&D Beijing, China ... 957
Lick, Dale /Florida State University, USA ... 1066
Lietke, Britta /Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany ... 247, 1232 Lightbody, Gaye /University of Ulster, Northern Ireland ... 1436
Lim, John /National University of Singapore, Singapore... 1080
Lin, Chad /Curtin University of Technology, Australia ... 489
Lin, Koong /Tainan National University of the Arts, Taiwan ... 489
Liu, Jonathan C.L. /Virginia Commonwealth University, USA ... 9
Lorenz, Pascal /University of Haute Alsace, France ... 1122
Louvros, Spiros /Maintenance Department, Western Greece Maintenance Division, Greece ... 595, 1178, 1416 Lozar Manfreda, Katja /University of Ljubljana, Slovenia ... 1373
Lumsden, Joanna /National Research Council of Canada IIT e-Business, Canada ... 332
Luo, Xin /University of New Mexico, USA ... 356
Lurudusamy, Saravanan Nathan /Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia ... 164
Ma, Maode /Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ... 67
Magni, Massimo /Bocconi University, Italy ... 873
Man Chun Thomas, Fong /The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ... 655
Manuel Adàn-Coello, Juan /Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Brazil ... 1293
Maris, Jo-Mae B. /Northern Arizona University, USA ... 1055
Martakos, Drakoulis /National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece ... 1512
Masseglia, Florent /INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France ... 1136
Mazursky, David /The Hebrew University, Jerusalem ... 769
McCullagh, Paul /University of Ulster, UK ... 1436
McGarrigle, Ronan /University of Ulster, UK ... 1573
McGinley, Ryan /University of Ulster, UK ... 1316
Mediana-Dominguez, Fuensanta / Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain ... 22
Meinköhn, F. /Cybercultus S.A., Luxembourg ... 1008
Meißner, Martin /Bielefeld University, Germany ... 880, 978 Melski, Adam /Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany ... 1232
Millham, Rich /Catholic University of Ghana, West Africa ... 802
Mohd Ali, Borhanuddin /MIMOS BERHAD, Malaysia ... 1443
Mokhtar, M. /University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia ... 1473
Monteiro, Paulo P. /Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal ... 482, 1122 Mora-Soto, Arturo /University of Madrid, Spain ... 22
Moreau, Éliane M.-F. /Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Canada ... 444
Mukankusi, Laurence /University of North Dakota, USA ... 1206
Mundy, Darren P. /University of Hull, UK ... 1130
Murphy, Peter /Monash University, Australia ... 1042, 1194 Narayanan, Kalpana /Multimedia University, Malaysia ... 1551
Natale, Peter J. /Regent University, USA ... 894
Nesset, Valerie /McGill University, Canada ... 469
Nicolle, Christophe /Université de Bourgogne, France ... 1487
Nissan, Ephraim /Goldsmith’s College of the University of London, UK ... 75
Novak, Dan /IBM Healthcare and Life Sciences, USA ... 835
Noyes, Jan /University of Bristol, UK ... 1359
O Donnell, Ciaran /University of Ulster, UK ... 1339
O’Hagan, Minako /Dublin City University, Ireland ... 1349
O’Kane, Paul /University of Ulster, UK ... 1316
O’Dea, Michael /York St. John University, UK ... 436
Omojokun, Emmanuel /Virginia State University, USA ... 1423
Orosz, Mihály /Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ... 574
Otenko, Oleksandr /2Oracle Corporation, UK ... 1130
Pace, Stefano /Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Italy ... 912
Pagani, Margherita /Bocconi University, Italy ... 1, 726 Pantelić, Goran /Network Security Technologies – NetSeT, Serbia ... 776
Pantic, Maja /Imperial College London, UK & University of Twente, The Netherlands ... 15, 560 Papagiannidis, Savvas /Newcastle University, UK ... 849
Park, Seungkyu /Ajou University, South Korea ... 105
Pasinetti, Chiara /Bocconi University, Italy ... 1
Poli, Roberto /University of Trento, Italy ... 1093
Pollock, David /University of Ulster, UK ... 1573
Poncelet, Pascal /EMA-LGI2P Site EERIE, France ... 1136
Powell, Loreen Marie /Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, USA ... 1387
Prata, Alcina /Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal (IPS), Portugal ... 757, 763 Proserpio, Luigi /Bocconi University, Italy ... 873
Raghavendra Rao, N. /SSN School of Management & Computer Applications, India ... 178
Rahman, Hakikur /SDNP, Bangladesh ... 735, 742, 1048 Raisinghani, Mahesh S. /TWU School of Management, USA... 312, 866 Rajasingham, Lalita /Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand ... 61
Rajauria, Pragya /University of Bridgeport, USA ... 1506
Raman, Murali /Multimedia University, Malaysia ... 1551
Ramayah, T. /Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia ... 164
Ratnasingam, Pauline /University of Central Missouri, USA ... 814, 1272 Reiner Lang, Karl /Baruch College of the City University of New York, USA ... 254
Resatsch, Florian /University of the Arts Berlin, Germany... 113
Richter, Kai /Computer Graphics Center (ZGDV), Germany ... 641
Rivas, Samuel /LambdaStream Servicios Interactivos, Spain ... 749, 1023 Rodrigues, Joel J. P. C. /University of Beira Interior, Portugal & Institute of Telecommunications, Portugal ... 1122
Rodríguez de Lope, Laura /University of Cantabria, Spain ... 276
Rosenkrans, Ginger /Pepperdine University, USA ... 1545
Rosson, Mary Beth /The Pennsylvania State University, USA ... 539
Rowe, Neil C. /U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, USA ... 293, 546 Roy, Abhijit /University of Scranton, USA ... 1072
Ruecker, Stan /University of Alberta, Canada ... 1240
Ruela, José /Universidade do Porto, Portugal ... 482
Ryu, Hokyoung /Massey University, New Zealand ... 230
Saeed, Rashid A. /MIMOS BERHAD, Malaysia ... 1443
Sahbudin, R. K. Z. /University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia ... 1473
Samad, M. D. A. /University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia ... 1473
Sánchez-Segura, Maribel-Isabel / Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain ... 22
Santaniello, Mauro /Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy ... 224
Scheer, August-Wilhelm /Institute for Information Systems (IWi), Germany ... 1537
Scholz, Sören W. /Bielefeld University, Germany ... 880, 1257 Seel, Christian / Institute for Information Systems (IWi), Germany ... 1537
Seremeti, Lambrini /Hellenic Open Univsersity, Italy ... 1093
Shah, Subodh K. /University of Bridgeport, USA ... 1506
Shen, Chyi-Lin /Hua Yuan Management Services Co. Ltd., Taiwan ... 489
Shepherd, Jill /Simon Fraser University at Harbour Centre, Canada ... 581
Shumack, Kellie A. /Mississippi State University, USA ... 619
Singh, Ramanjit /University of Manchester, UK ... 1333
Singh, Richa /West Virginia University, USA ... 121
So, Hyo-Jeong /Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ... 1366
Sockel, Hy /DIKW Management Group, USA ... 533, 1086, 1480 Spiliopoulou, Anastasia S. /OTE S.A., General Directorate for Regulatory Affairs, Greece ... ...324, 341, 391, 451, 502, 854, 921, 1112, 1351 St.Amant, Kirk /East Carolina University, USA ... 710
Stern, Tziporah /Baruch College, CUNY, USA ... 1188
Subramaniam, R. /Singapore National Academy of Science, Singapore & Nanyang Technological University, Sinapore ... 552
Suraweera, Theekshana /University of Canterbury, New Zealand ... 808
Świerzowicz, Janusz /Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland ... 965
Switzer, Jamie S. /Colorado State University, USA ... 1520
Tan, Ivy /University of Saskatchewan, Canada ... 1200
Tan Wee Hin, Leo /Singapore National Academy of Science, Singapore & Nanyang Technological University, Sinapore ... 552
Tardini, Stefano /University of Lugano, Switzerland ... 349
Tattersall, Colin /Open University of The Netherlands, The Netherlands ... 1100
Tegze, Dávid /Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ... 1307
Teisseire, Maguelonne /LIRMM UMR CNRS 5506, France ... 1136
Tekli, Joe /University of Bourgogne, France ... 140
Teo, Timothy /Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ... 1359
Terashima, Nobuyoshi /Waseda University, Japan ... 631
Thelwall, Mike /University of Wolverhampton, UK ... 887
Tiffin, John /Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand ... 61
Tomašević, Violeta /Mihajlo Pupin Institute, Serbia ... 776
Tong, Carrison K.S. /Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong ... 682, 1162 Torrisi-Steele, Geraldine /Griffith University, Australia ... 1391
Ţugui, Alexandru /Al. I. Cuza University, Romania ... 187
Turner, Kenneth J. /University of Stirling, UK ... 1171
Uberti, Teodora Erika /Università Cattolica, Italy ... 887
Udoh, Emmanuel /Purdue University, USA ... 1106
van ‘t Hooft, Mark /Kent State University, USA ... 41
Varela, Carlos /Campos de Elviña, Spain ... 1464
Vatsa, Mayank /West Virginia University, USA ... 121
Vehovar, Vasja /University of Ljubljana, Slovenia ... 1373
Vernig, Peter M. /Suffolk University, USA ... 240
Vidović, Slavko /University of Zagreb, Republic of Croatia ... 901
Vinitzky, Gideon /The Hebrew University, Jerusalem ... 769
VuDuong, Thang /France Telecom R&D, France ... 587
Wagner, Ralf /University of Kassel, Germany ... 318, 880, 978, 1257 Wang, Ju /Virginia Commonwealth University, USA ... 9
Wang, Shuyan /The University of Southern Mississippi, USA ... 134
Wang, Wenbo /Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China ... 513
Warkentin, Merrill /Mississippi State University, USA ... 356
Wei, Chia-Hung /University of Warwick, UK ... 260
Whitworth, Brian /Massey University, New Zealand ... 230
Widén-Wulff, Gunilla /Åbo Akademi University, Finland... 842
Wong, Eric T.T. /The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ... 682, 1162 Wood-Bradley, Guy /Deakin University, Australia ... 1061
Wood-Harper, Trevor /University of Manchester, UK ... 1333
Wright, Carol /The Pennsylvania State University, USA ... 410
Yang, Bo /Bowie State University, USA ... 995
Yang, Jun /Carnegie Mellon University, USA ... 986
Yetongnon, Kokou /University of Bourgogne, France ... 140
Zakaria, Norhayati /Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia ... 1499
Zeadally, Sherali /University of the District of Columbia, USA ... 90
Zhuang, Yi /Zhejiang University, China ... 986
Zhuang, Yueting /Zhejiang University, China ... 986
by Volume
VOLUME I
Accessibility, Usability, and Functionality in T-Government Services / Margherita Pagani, Bocconi
University, Italy; and Chiara Pasinetti, Boconni University, Italy ...1
Advances of Radio Interface in WCDMA Systems / Ju Wang, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; and Jonathan C.L. Liu, University of Florida, USA ...9
Affective Computing / Maja Pantic, Imperial College, London, UK & University of Twente,
The Netherlands ...15
Analysis of Platforms for E-Learning / Maribel-Isabel Sánchez-Segura, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain; Antonio De Amescua, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain; Fuensanta Mediana-Dominguez, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain; Arturo Mora-Soto, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain; and Luis Garcia, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain ...22
Anthropologic Concepts in C2C in Virtual Communities / Lori N. K. Leonard, The University of Tulsa, USA; and Kiku Jones, The University of Tulsa, USA...35
Anywhere Anytime Learning with Wireless Mobile Devices / Mark van ‘t Hooft, Kent State University, USA; and Graham Brown-Martin, Handheld Learning Ltd, UK ...41
Application of Sound and Auditory Responses in E-Learning, The / Terry T. Kidd, University of Texas
School of Public Health, USA ...47
Application of the P2P Model for Adaptive Host Protection / Zoltán Czirkos, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary; and Gábor Hosszú, Budapest University of Technology and
Economics, Hungary ...54
Application of Virtual Reality and HyperReality Technologies to Universities, The / Lalita Rajasingham, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand; and John Tiffin, Victoria University of Wellington,
New Zealand ...61
Architectures of the Interworking of 3G Cellular Networks and Wireless LANs / Maode Ma,
Argument Structure Models and Visualization / Ephraim Nissan, Goldsmith’s College of the
University of London, UK ...75
Assessing Digital Video Data Similarity / Waleed E. Farag, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA ...83
Audio Streaming to IP-Enabled Bluetooth Devices / Sherali Zeadally, University of the District of
Columbia, USA ...90
Automatic Lecture Recording for Lightweight Content Production / Wolfgang Hürst,
Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany ...98
Automatic Self Healing Using Immune Systems / Junaid Ahsenali Chaudhry, Ajou University, South Korea; and Seungkyu Park, Ajou University, South Korea ...105
Basic Concepts of Mobile Radio Technologies / Christian Kaspar, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany; Florian Resatsch, University of Arts Berlin, Germany; and Svenja Hagenhoff,
Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany ...113
Biometrics / Richa Singh, West Virginia University, USA; Mayank Vatsa, West Virginia University, USA; and Phalguni Gupta, Indian Institute of Technology, India ...121
Blogs as Corporate Tools / Michela Cortini, University of Bari, Italy ...128
Blogs in Education / Shuyan Wang, The University of Southern Mississippi, USA ...134
Breakthroughs and Limitations of XML Grammar Similarity / Joe Tekli, University of Bourgogne, France; Richard Chbeir, University of Bourgogne, France; and Kokou Yetongnon, University of Bourgogne,
France ...140
Broadband Fiber Optical Access / George Heliotis, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Ioannis Chochliouros, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Maria Belesioti, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; and Evangelia M. Georgiadou, OTE S.A.,
General Directorate for Technology, Greece ...149
Broadband Solutions for Residential Customers / Mariana Hentea, Excelsior College, USA ...157
Broadband Solutions for the Last Mile to Malaysian Residential Customers / Saravanan Nathan Lurudusamy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia; and T. Ramayah, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Malaysia ...164
Building Social Relationships in a Virtual Community of Gamers / Shafiz Affendi Mohd Yusof, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia ...171
Business Decisions through Mobile Computing / N. Raghavendra Rao, SSN School of Management &
Computer Applications, India ...178
Calm Technologies as the Future Goal of Information Technologies / Alexandru Ţugui, Al I. Cuza
Greece; George Heliotis, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Evangelia M. Georgiadou, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; and Elpida P. Chochliourou, General Prefectorial Hospital “G. Gennimatas”, Greece ...195
Characteristics, Limitations, and Potential of Advergames / Călin Gurău, GSCM – Montpellier Business School, France ...205
Circuit Switched to IP-Based Networks, From / Thomas M. Chen, Southern Methodist University, USA ...212
Cognitive Issues in Tailoring Multimedia Learning Technology to the Human Mind / Slava Kalyuga,
The University of New South Wales, Australia ...218
Community of Production / Francesco Amoretti, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy; and
Mauro Santaniello, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy ...224
Comparison of Human and Computer Information Processing, A / Brian Whitworth, Massey University, New Zealand; and Hokyoung Ryu, Massey University, New Zealand ...230
Conceptual, Methodological, and Ethical Challenges of Internet-Based Data Collection /
Jonathan K. Lee, Suffolk University, USA; and Peter M. Vernig, Suffolk University, USA ...240
Consumer Attitudes toward RFID Usage / Madlen Boslau, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany; and Britta Lietke, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany ...247
Content Sharing Systems for Digital Media / Jerald Hughes, University of Texas Pan-American, USA; and Karl Reiner Lang, Baruch College of the City University of New York, USA ...254
Content-Based Multimedia Retrieval / Chia-Hung Wei, University of Warwick, UK; and Chang-Tsun Li, University of Warwick, UK ...260
Contract Negotiation in E-Marketplaces / Larbi Esmahi, Athabasca University, Canada; and
Elarbi Badidi, United Arab Emirates University, UAE ...267
Cost Models for Bitstream Access Service / Klaus D. Hackbarth, University of Cantabria, Spain; Laura Rodríguez de Lope, University of Cantabria, Spain; and Gabriele Kulenkampff, WIK-Consult,
Germany ...276
Critical Issues and Implications of Digital TV Transition / In-Sook Jung, Kyungwon University, Korea ...286
Critical Issues in Content Repurposing for Small Devices / Neil C. Rowe, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, USA ...293
Cross-Channel Cooperation / Tobias Kollmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; and
Matthias Häsel, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany ...299
Current Impact and Future Trends of Mobile Devices and Mobile Applications / Mahesh S. Raisinghani, TWU School of Management, USA ...312
Customizing Multimedia with Multi-Trees / Ralf Wagner, University of Kassel, Germany ...318
Dark Optical Fiber Models for Broadband Networked Cities / Ioannis Chochliouros, OTE S.A.,
General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Regulatory Affairs, Greece; George K. Lalopoulos, Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (ΟΤΕ), Greece; and Stergios P. Chochliouros, Independent Consultant, Greece ...324
Design and Evaluation for the Future of m-Interaction / Joanna Lumsden, National Research Council
of Canada IIT e-Business, Canada ...332
Developing Content Delivery Networks / Ioannis Chochliouros, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Regulatory Affairs, Greece; and Stergios P. Chochliouros, Independent Consultant, Greece ...341
Development of IT and Virtual Communities / Stefano Tardini, University of Lugano, Switzerland;
and Lorenzo Cantoni, University of Lugano, Switzerland ...349
Developments and Defenses of Malicious Code / Xin Luo, University of New Mexico, USA;
and Merrill Warkentin, Mississippi State University, USA ...356
Digital Filters / Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek, Institute for Astrophysics Optics and Electronics,
INAOE, Mexico ...364
Digital Television and Breakthrough Innovation / Samira Dias dos Reis, Bocconi University, Italy ...373
Digital TV as a Tool to Create Multimedia Services Delivery Platform / Zbigniew Hulicki,
AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland ...380
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Evolution / Ioannis Chochliouros, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Regulatory Affairs, Greece; Stergios P. Chochliouros, Independent Consultant, Greece ...391
Digital Watermarking and Steganography / Kuanchin Chen, Western Michigan University, USA ...402
Distance Education / Carol Wright, The Pennsylvania State University, USA ...410
Distance Learning Concepts and Technologies / Raymond Chiong, Swinburne University of Technology, Malaysia ...417
DMB Market and Audience Attitude / Mi-kying Kim, Chungwoon University, South Korea ...423
Dynamic Information Systems in Higher Education / Juha Kettunen, Turku University of Applied Science, Finland; Jouni Hautala, Turku University of Applied Science, Finland; and Mauri Kantola, Turku
Efficiency and Performance of Work Teams in Collaborative Online Learning / Éliane M.-F. Moreau,
Université du Québec à Trois Rivières, Canada ...444
E-Learning Applications through Space Observations / Ioannis Chochliouros, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Regulatory Affairs, Greece; Tilemachos D. Doukoglou; Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (OTE), Greece; Stergios P. Chochliouros, Independent Consultant, Greece; and George Heliotis,
Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (OTE), Greece ...451
E-Learning Systems Content Adaptation Frameworks and Techniques / Tiong T. Goh, Victoria
University of Wellington, New Zealand; and Kinshuk, Athabasca University, Canada ...460
Elementary School Students, Information Retrieval, and the Web / Valerie Nesset, McGill University,
Canada; and Andrew Large, McGill University, Canada ...469
Enhancing E-Commerce through Sticky Virtual Communities / Sumeet Gupta, National University of
Singapore, Singapore ...477
Ethernet Passive Optical Networks / Mário M. Freire, University of Beira Interior, Portugal; Paulo P. Monteiro, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal; Henrique J. A. da Silva, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal; and José Ruela, Universidade do Porto, Portugal ...482
Evaluation of Interactive Digital TV Commerce Using the AHP Approach / Koong Lin, Tainan National University of the Arts, Taiwan; Chad Lin, Curtin University of Technology, Australia; and Chyi-Lin Shen, Hua Yuan Management Services Co. Ltd., Taiwan ...489
Evolution not Revolution Next-Generation Wireless Telephony / Antti Ainamo, University of Turku (UTU), Finland ...496
Evolution of DSL Technologies Over Copper Cabling / Ioannis Chochliouros, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Regulatory Affairs, Greece; Stergios P. Chochliouros, Independent Consultant, Greece;
and Elpida Chochliourou, General Prefectorial Hospital “G. Gennimatas”, Greece ...502
Evolution of TD-SCDMA Networks / Shuping Chen, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China; and Wenbo Wang, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China ...513
Evolution of Technologies, Standards, and Deployment for 2G-5G Networks / Shakil Akhtar,
Clayton State University, USA ...522
VOLUME II
Experience Factors and Tool Use in End-User Web Development / Sue E. Kase, The Pennsylvania
State University, USA; and Mary Beth Rosson, The Pennsylvania State University, USA ...539
Exploiting Captions for Multimedia Data Mining / Neil Rowe, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, USA ...546
Extracting More Bandwidth Out of Twisted Pairs of Copper Wires / Leo Tan Wee Hin, Singapore National Academy of Science, Singapore & Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; and R. Subramaniam, Singapore National Academy of Science, Singapore & Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ...552
Face for Interface / Maja Pantic, Imperial College London, UK & University of Twente, The Netherlands .560
Fine-Grained Data Access for Networking Applications / Gábor Hosszú, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary; Harith Indraratne, Budapest University of Technology and Economics,
Hungary ...568
Global Address Allocation for Wide Area IP-Multicasting / Mihály Orosz, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, Hungary; Gábor Hosszu, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary; and Ferenc Kovacs, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ...574
Going Virtual / Evangelia Baralou, ALBA Graduate Business School, Greece; Jill Shepherd, Simon Fraser University at Harbour Centre, Canada ...581
Guaranteeing Quality of Service in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks / Noureddine Kettaf, Haute Alsace University, France; Hafid Abouaissa, Haute Alsace University, France; and Thang VuDuong,
France Telecom R&D, France ...587
High Speed Packet Access Broadband Mobile Communications / Athanassios C. Iossifides, Operation & Maintenance Department, Greece; and Spiros Louvros, Technological Educational Institution of
Mesologi, Greece ...595
Historical Analysis of the Emergence of Free Cooperative Software Production, A / Nicolas Jullien,
LUSSI TELECOM Bretagne-M@rsouin, France ...605
History of Computer Networking Technology, A / Lawrence Hardy, Denver Public Schools, USA ...613
Honest Communication in Online Learning / Kellie A. Shumack, Mississippi State University, USA;
and Jianxia Du, Mississippi State University, USA ...619
Human Factors Assessment of Multimedia Products and Systems / Philip Kortum, Rice University, Texas, USA ...625
HyperReality / Nobuyoshi Terashima, Waseda University, Japan...631
Hypervideo / Kai Richter, Computer Graphics Center (ZGDV), Germany; Matthias Finke, Computer
Graphics Center (ZGDV), Germany; Cristian Hofmann, Computer Graphics Center (ZGDV), Germany; and Dirk Balfanz, Computer Graphics Center (ZGDV), Germany ...641
Impact of Broadband on Education in the USA, The / Paul Cleary, Northeastern University, USA ...648
Information Security and Risk Management / Thomas M. Chen, Southern Methodist University, USA ...668
Information Security Management / Mariana Hentea, Excelsior College, USA ...675
Information Security Management in Picture Archiving and Communication Systems for the Healthcare Industry / Carrison K.S. Tong, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong; and
Eric T.T. Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...682
Information Security Threats to Network Based Information Systems / Sumeet Gupta, National University of Singapore, Singapore ...691
Intellectual Property Protection in Software Enterprises / Juha Kettunen, Turku University of Applied
Sciences, Finland; and Riika Kulmala, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland ...697
Intelligent Personalization Agent for Product Brokering / Sheng-Uei Guan, Brunel University, UK ...703
Interacting Effectively in International Virtual Offices / Kirk St.Amant, East Carolina University, USA...710
Interaction between Mobile Agents and Web Services / Kamel Karoui, University of Monouba, Tunisia; and Fakher Ben Ftima, University of Monouba, Tunisia ...717
Interactive Digital Television / Margherita Pagani, Bocconi University, Italy ...726
Interactive Multimedia Technologies for Distance Education in Developing Countries / Hakikur Rahman, SDNP, Bangladesh ...735
Interactive Multimedia Technologies for Distance Education Systems / Hakikur Rahman, SDNP,
Bangladesh ...742
Interactive Playout of Digital Video Streams / Samuel Rivas, LambdaStream Servicios Interactivos, Spain; Miguel Barreiro, LambdaStream Servicios Interactivos, Spain; and Víctor M. Gulías, University of
A Coruña, MADS Group, Spain ...749
Interactive Television Evolution / Alcina Prata, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal (IPS), Portugal ...757
Interactive Television Research Opportunities / Alcina Prata, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal (IPS),
Portugal ...763
Interface-Based Differences in Online Decision Making / David Mazursky, The Hebrew University,
Jerusalem; and Gideon Vinitzky, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem ...769
Internet and E-Business Security / Violeta Tomašević, Mihajlo Pupin Institute, Serbia; Goran Pantelić, Network Security Technologies – NetSeT, Serbia; Slobodan Bojanić, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain ...776
Investing in Multimedia Agents for E-Learning Solutions / Terry T. Kidd, University of Texas School
of Public Health, USA ...789
Issues and Practices of Electronic Learning / James O. Danenberg, Western Michigan University, USA; and Kuanchin Chen, Western Michigan University, USA ...795
Issues with Distance Education in Sub-Saharan Africa / Rich Millham, Catholic University of Ghana,
West Africa ...802
IT Management in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises / Theekshana Suraweera, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; and Paul B. Cragg, University of Canterbury, New Zealand ...808
Knowledge Management and Information Technology Security Services / Pauline Ratnasingam,
Central Missouri State University, USA ...814
Knowledge-Building through Collaborative Web-Based Learning Community or Ecology in Education /
Percy Kwok, Logos Academy, China ...821
Latest Trends in Mobile Business / Sumeet Gupta, National University of Singapore, Singapore ...829
Leading Virtual Teams / Dan Novak, IBM Healthcare and Life Sciences, USA; and Mihai C. Bocarnea, Regent University, USA ...835
Library 2.0 as a New Participatory Context / Gunilla Widén-Wulff, Åbo Akademi University, Finland;
Isto Huvila, Åbo Akademi University, Finland; and Kim Holmberg, Åbo Akademi University, Finland ...842
Live Music and Performances in a Virtual World / Joanna Berry, Newcastle University, UK;
and Savvas Papagiannidis, Newcastle University, UK ...849
Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) Policies in the European Framework / Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Regulatory Affairs, Greece; Ioannis Chochliouros, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; George K. Lalopoulos, Hellenic Telecommunications
Organization S.A. (OTE), Greece; and Stergios P. Chochliouros, Independent Consultant, Greece ...854
Managerial Analysis of Fiber Optic Communications, A / Mahesh S. Raisinghani, TWU School of
Management, USA; and Hassan Ghanem, University of Dallas, USA ...866
Managerial Computer Business Games / Luigi Proserpio, Bocconi University, Italy; Massimo Magni,
Bocconi University, Italy; and Bernardino Provera, Bocconi University, Italy ...873
Marketing Research Using Multimedia Technologies / Martin Meißner, Bielefeld University, Germany; Sören W. Scholz, Bielefeld University, Germany; and Ralph Wagner, University of Kassel, Germany ...880
Measuring and Mapping the World Wide Web through Web Hyperlinks / Mario A. Maggioni, Università Cattolica, Italy; Mike Thelwall, University of Wolverhampton, UK; and Teodora Erika Uberti, Università Cattolica, Italy ...887
Media Channel Preferences of Mobile Communities / Peter J. Natale, Regent University, USA; and
University of Zagreb, Republic of Croatia ...901
Methods and Issues for Research in Virtual Communities / Stefano Pace, Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Italy ...912
Methods for Dependability and Security Analysis of Large Networks / Ioannis Chochliouros, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Regulatory Affairs, Greece; and Stergios P. Chochliouros, Independent Consultant, Greece ...921
Mobile Agent Authentication and Authorization / Sheng-Uei Guan, Brunel University, UK ...930
Mobile Computing and Commerce Legal Implications / Gundars Kaupins, Boise State University, USA...938
Mobile Geographic Information Services / Lin Hui, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
and Ye Lei, Shanghai GALILEO Industries Ltd. (SGI), China ...944
Mobile Web Services for Mobile Commerce / Subhankar Dhar, San Jose State University, USA ...950
Multimedia Content Protection Technology / Shiguo Lian, France Telecom R&D Beijing, China ...957
Multimedia Data Mining Trends and Challenges / Janusz Świerzowicz, Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland ...965
Multimedia Encryption / Shujun Li, FernUniversitaet in Hagen, Germany; Zhong Li, FernUniversitaet in Hagen, Germany; and Wolfgang Halang, FernUniversitaet in Hagen, Germany ...972
Multimedia for Direct Marketing / Ralf Wagner, University of Kassel, Germany; and Martin Meißner,
Bielefeld University, Germany ...978
Multimedia Information Retrieval at a Crossroad / Qing Li, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Yi Zhuang, Zhejiang University, China; Jun Yang, Carnegie Mellon University, USA; and Yueting Zhuang, Zhejiang University, China ...986
Multimedia Representation / Bo Yang, Bowie State University, USA ...995
Multimedia Standards for iTV Technology / Momouh Khadraoui, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; B. Hirsbrunner, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; D. Khadraoui, CRP Henri Tudor (CITI),
Luxembourg; and F. Meinköhn, Cybercultus S.A., Luxembourg...1008
Multimedia Technologies in Education / Armando Cirrincione, Bocconi University, Italy ...1017
Multiplexing Digital Multimedia Data / Samuel Rivas, LambdaStream Servicios Interactivos, Spain; Miguel Barreiro; LambdaStream Servicios Interactivos, Spain; and Víctor M. Gulías, University of
A Coruña, MADS Group, Spain ...1023
N-Dimensional Geometry and Kinaesthetic Space of the Internet, The / Peter Murphy,
Monash University, Australia ...1042
Network Deployment for Social Benefits in Developing Countries / Hakikur Rahman, SDNP,
Bangladesh ...1048
Network-Based Information System Model for Research / Jo-Mae B. Maris, Northern Arizona University, USA ...1055
New Framework for Interactive Entertainment Technologies, A / Guy Wood-Bradley, Deakin University, Australia; and Kathy Blashki, Deakin University, Australia ...1061
New Technology for Empowering Virtual Communities / David Lebow, HyLighter, Inc., USA; Dale Lick, Florida State University, USA; and Hope Hartman, City College of New York, USA ...1066
VOLUME III
Online Communities and Social Networking / Abhijit Roy, University of Scranton, USA ...1072
Online Education and Cultural Background / Elizabeth Koh, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and John Lim, National University of Singapore, Singapore ...1080
Online Privacy Issues / Hy Sockel, DIKW Management Group, USA; Kuanchin Chen, Western Michigan University, USA; and Louis K. Falk, University of Texas at Brownsville, USA ...1086
Ontology and Multimedia / Roberto Poli, University of Trento, Italy; Achilles Kameas, Hellenic Open
University, Italy; and Lambrini Seremeti, Hellenic Open University, Italy ...1093
Open E-Learning Specification for Multiple Learners and Flexible Pedagogies, An / Colin Tattersall, Open University of The Netherlands, The Netherlands; Daniel Burgos, Open University of The Netherlands, The Netherlands; and Rob Koper, Open University of The Netherlands, The Netherlands ...1100
Open Source Database Technologies / Emmanuel Udoh, Purdue University, USA ...1106
Opportunities and Challenges from Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) Technology /
Ioannis Chochliouros, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Stergios P. Chochliouros, Independent Consultant, Greece; and George Agapiou, Hellenic Telecommunications Organization S.A. (ΟΤΕ), Greece ...1112
Optical Burst Switch as a New Switching Paradigm for High-Speed Internet / Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, University of Beira Interior, Portugal & Institute of Telecommunications, Portugal; Mário M. Freire, University of Beira Interior, Portugal; Paulo P. Monteiro, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and
Pascal Lorenz, University of Haute Alsace, France ...1122
Personalized Advertising Methods in Digital Interactive Television / George Lekakos, University of Cyprus, Cyprus; and Konstantinos Chorianopoulos, Ionian University, Greece ...1142
Perspectives of Message-Based Service in Taiwan, The / Maria R. Lee, Shih-Chien University, Taiwan ....1148
Pervasive iTV and Creative Networked Multimedia Systems / Anxo Cereijo Roibás, SCMIS,
University of Brighton, UK; and Stephen Johnson, Mobility Research Centre, UK ...1154
Picture Archiving and Communication System for Public Healthcare / Carrison K.S. Tong,
Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong; and Eric T.T. Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong ...1162
Policy-Based Management for Call Control / Kenneth J. Turner, University of Stirling, UK ...1171
Polymer Optical Fibers (POF) Applications for Indoor Cell Coverage Transmission Infrastructure / Spiros Louvros, Technological Educational Institute of Messologi, Greece; and Athanassios C. Iossifides, Maintenance Department, Northern Greece Maintenance Division, Greece ...1178
Privacy Risk in E-Commerce / Tziporah Stern, Baruch College, CUNY, USA ...1188
Public Opinion and the Internet / Peter Murphy, Monash University, Australia ...1194
Rapid E-Learning in the University / Ivy Tan, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; and Ravi Chandran, National University of Singapore, Singapore ...1200
Relationships between Wireless Technology Investment and Organizational Performance / Laurence Mukankusi, University of North Dakota, USA; Jared Keengwe, University of North Dakota, USA; Yao Amewokunu, Laval University, Canada; and Assion Lawson-Body, University of North Dakota,
USA ...1206
Reliability Issues of the Multicast-Based Mediacommunication / Gábor Hosszú, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary;and Zoltán Czirkos, Budapest University of Technology and
Economics, Hungary ...1215
Re-Purposeable Learning Objects Based on Teaching and Learning Styles / Sunand Bhattacharya, ITT Educational Services Inc., USA; Jeremy Dunning, Indiana University, USA; Abtar Kaur,
Open University of Malaysia, Malaysia; and David Daniels, Pearson Learning Solutions, USA ...1224
RFID Technologies and Applications / Christian Kaspar, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany; Adam Melski, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany; Britta Lietke, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany; Madlen Boslau, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany; and
Svenja Hagenhoff, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany ...1232
Road Map to Information Security Management / Lech Janczewski, The University of Auckland,
New Zealand ...1249
Scanning Multimedia Business Environments / Sören W. Scholz, Bielefeld University, Germany;
and Ralf Wagner, University of Kassel, Germany ...1257
Second Look at Improving Student Interaction with Internet and Peer Review, A /
Dilvan de Abreu Moreira, Stanford University, USA & University of São Paulo, Brazil; and
Elaine Quintino da Silva, University of São Paulo, Brazil ...1264
Security Framework for E-Marketplace Participation, A / Pauline Ratnasingam, University of
Central Missouri, USA ...1272
Security of Web Servers and Web Services / Volker Hockmann, Techniker Krankenkasse, Hamburg, Germany; Heinz D. Knoell, University of Lueneburg, Germany; and Ernst L. Leiss, University of Houston, USA ...1284
Semantic Web Services / Juan Manuel Adàn-Coello, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas,
Brazil ...1293
Simple and Secure Credit Card-Based Payment System, A / Chi Po Cheong, University of Maccau,
China ...1299
Simulation-Based Comparison of TCP and TCP-Friendly Protocols / Gábor Hosszú, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary; Dávid Tegze, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary; Ferenc Kovács, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary ...1307
Social Networking / Kevin Curran, University of Ulster, UK; Paul O’Kane, University of Ulster, UK;
Ryan McGinley, University of Ulster, UK; and Owen Kelly, University of Ulster, UK ...1316
Social Software (and Web 2.0) / Jürgen Dorn, Vienna University of Technology, Austria ...1327
Sociocultural Implications of Wikipedia / Ramanjit Singh, University of Manchester, UK; and
Trevor Wood-Harper, University of Manchester, UK ...1333
SPIT: Spam Over Internet Telephony / Kevin Curran, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, UK; and
Ciaran O Donnell, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, UK ...1339
Status and Future Trends of Multimedia Interactivity on the Web / Omar El-Gayar, Dakota State University, USA; and Kuanchin Chen, Western Michigan University, USA ...1345
Strategies for Next Generation Networks Architecture / Evangelia M. Georgiadou, OTE S.A.,
General Directorate for Technology, Greece; Ioannis Chochliouros, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece; George Heliotis, OTE S.A., General Directorate for Technology, Greece;
Teaching and Learning with Mobile Technologies / Hyo-Jeong So, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; and Bosung Kim, University of Missouri–Columbia, USA ...1366
Technological Revolution in Survey Data Collection, The / Vasja Vehovar, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jernej Berzelak, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Katja Lozar Manfreda, University
of Ljubljana, Slovenia ...1373
Teletranslation / Minako O’Hagan, Dublin City University, Ireland ...1379
Teleworker’s Security Risks Minimized with Informal Online Information Technology Communities of Practice / Loreen Marie Powell, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, USA ...1387
Theoretical Foundations for Educational Mutimedia / Geraldine Torrisi-Steele, Griffith University,
Australia ...1391
Tourist Applications Made Easier Using Near Field Communication / Amy Sze Hui Eow, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Jiayu Guo, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
Sheng-Uei Guan, Brunel University, UK ...1399
Towards Management of Interoperable Learning Objects / Tanko Ishaya, The University of Hull, UK ...1406
Towards Unified Services in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Based on Soft-Switch Platform / Spiros Louvros, Maintenance Department, Western Greece Maintenance Division, Greece; and
Athanassios C. Iossifides, Maintenance Department, Northern Greece Maintenance Division, Greece ...1416
Trends in Telecommunications and Networking in Secure E-Commerce Applications / Ephrem Eyob, Virginia State University, USA; Emmanuel Omojokun, Virginia State University, USA; and
Adeyemi A. Adekoya, Virginia State University, USA ...1423
Ubiquitous Commerce / Holtjona Galanxhi-Janaqi, University of Nebrasak-Lincoln, USA; and
Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, University of Nebrasak-Lincoln, USA ...1430
Ubiquitous Mobile Learning in Higher Education / Gaye Lightbody, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland; and Paul McCullagh, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland ...1436
Ultra-Wideband Solutions for Last Mile Access Network / Sabira Khatun, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Rashid A. Saeed, MIMOS BERHAD, Malaysia; Nor Kamariah Nordin, University Putra
Malaysia, Malaysia; and Borhanuddin Mohd Ali, MIMOS BERHAD, Malaysia ...1443
UML as an Essential Tool for Implementing eCRM Systems / Călin Gurău, GSCM – Montpellier
Business School, France ...1453
Unified Architecture for DVB-H Electronic Service Guide / Carlos Varela, Campus de Elviña, Spain;
Unified KS-Code / M. K. A. Abdullah, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; S. A. Aljunid, Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Utara Malaysia (KUKUM), Malaysia; M. D. A. Samad, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; S. B. A. Anas, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; R. K. Z. Sahbudin,
University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; and M. Mokhtar, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia ...1473
Usability in Mobile Computing and Commerce / Kuanchin Chen, Western Michigan University, USA; Hy Sockel, DIKW Management Group, USA; and Louis K. Falk, University of Texas at Brownsville,
USA ...1480
Use of Semantics to Manage 3D Scenes in Web Platforms / Christophe Cruz, Université de Bourgogne, France; and Christophe Nicolle, Université de Bourgogne, France ...1487
User Interface Issues in Multimedia / John Fulcher, University of Wollongong, Australia ...1493
Using Computer Mediated Communication as a Tool to Facilitate Intercultural Collaboration of Global Virtual Teams / Norhayati Zakaria, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia ...1499
Video Ontology / Jeongkyu Lee, University of Bridgeport, USA; Pragya Rajauria, University of
Bridgeport, USA; Subodh K. Shah, University of Bridgeport, USA ...1506
Virtual Communities / George Kontolemakis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Panagiotis Kanellis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; and Drakoulis Martakos, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece ...1512
Virtual Community Mentoring in Higher Education / Jamie S. Switzer, Colorado State University, USA ...1520
Virtual Public Sphere, The / Robert A. Cropf, Saint Louis University, USA ...1525
Virtual Reality in Medicine / Michelle LaBrunda, Cabrini Medical Center, USA; and Andrew LaBrunda University of Guam, USA ...1531
Web 2.0 and Beyond-Participation Culture on the Web / August-Wilhelm Scheer, Institute for Information Systems (IWi), Germany; Pavlina Chikova, Institute for Information Systems (IWi), Germany;
Hansen Torben, Institute for Information Systems (IWi), Germany; Katrina Leyking, Institute for Information Systems (IWi), Germany; and Christian Seel, Institute for Information Systems (IWi),
Germany ...1537
Web Design Concept / Ginger Rosenkrans, Pepperdine University, USA ...1545
Wiki Technology as a Knowledge Management System / Murali Raman, Multimedia University,
Malaysia; and Kalpana Narayanan, Multimedia University, Malaysia ...1551
xxvi
Foreword
Multimedia technology and networking are changing at a remarkable rate. Despite the telecoms crash of 2001, innovation in networking applications, technologies, and services has continued unabated. The exponential growth of the Internet, the explosion of mobile communications, the rapid emergence of electronic commerce, the restructuring of businesses, and the contribution of digital industries to growth and employment, are just a few of the current features of the emerging digital economy.
This encyclopaedia captures a vast array of the components and dimensions of this dynamic sector of the world economy. Professor Margherita Pagani and her editorial board have done a remarkable job at compiling such a rich collection of perspectives on this fast moving domain. The encyclopaedia’s scope and content will provide scholars, researchers, and professionals with much current information about concepts, issues, trends, and technologies in this rapid evolving industrial sector.
Multimedia technologies and networking are at the heart of the current debate about economic growth and performance in advanced economies. The pervasive nature of the technological change and its widespread dif-fusion has profoundly altered the ways in which businesses and consumers interact. As IT continues to enter workplaces, homes, and learning institutions, many aspects of work and leisure are changing radically. The rapid pace of technological change and the growing connectivity that IT makes possible have resulted in a wealth of new products, new markets, and new business models. However, these changes also bring new risks, new chal-lenges, and new concerns.
In the multimedia and technology networks area, broadband-based communication and entertainment ser-vices are helping consumer and business users to do their business more effectively, serve customers faster, and organize their time more effectively. In fact, multimedia technologies and networks have a strong impact on all economic activity. Exponential growth in processing power, falling information costs and network effects have allowed productivity gains, enhanced innovation, and stimulated further technical change in all sectors from the most technology intensive to the most traditional. Broadband communications and entertainment services are helping consumer and business users conduct their business more effectively, serve customers faster, organize their time more effectively, and enrich options for their leisure time.
At MIT, I serve as co-director of the Communications Futures Program, which spans the Sloan School of Management, the Engineering School, and the Media Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. By ex-amining technology dynamics, business dynamics, and policy dynamics in the communications industry, we seek to build capabilities for roadmapping the upcoming changes in the vast communications value chain as well as to develop next-generation technological and business innovations that can create more value in the industry.
Convergence is among the core features of information society developments. This phenomenon needs to be analyzed from multiple dimensions: technological, economic, financial, regulatory, social, and political. The integrative approach adopted in this encyclopadia to analyze multimedia and technology networking is particu-larly welcome and highly complementary to the approach embraced by our work at MIT.
I am pleased to be able to recommend this encyclopedia to readers, whether they are looking for substantive material on knowledge strategy, or looking to understand critical issues related to multimedia technology and networking.
Professor Charles H. Fine
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management
Professor Charles Fine teaches operations strategy and supply chain management at MIT’s Sloan School of Management and directs the roadmapping activities in MIT’s Communications Futures Program (http://cfp.mit.edu/). His research focuses on supply chain strategy and value chain roadmapping, with a particular focus on fast-clockspeed manufacturing industries. His work has supported design and improvement of supply chain relationships for companies in electronics, automotive, aerospace, communications, and consumer products. His current research examines outsourcing dynamics, with a focus on dynamic models for assessing the lever-age among the various components in complex industrial value chains and principles for value chain design, based on strategic and logistical assessments.
Professor Fine consults and teaches widely, with clients including Accenture, Agile Software, Alcan, BellSouth, Boehringer In-gelheim, Bombardier, Caterpillar, Chrysler, Delphi Automotive, Deutsche Bank Alex Brown, Embraer, Fluor, GE, GM, Goodyear, HP, Honeywell, Intel, Kodak, Lucent, Mercury Computer, Merrill Lynch, Motorola, 3M, NCR, Nokia, Nortel, Oracle, Polaroid, PTC, Research-in-Motion, Rolls-Royce, Sematech, Teradyne, Toyota, TRW, Unilever, Volkswagen, Volvo, and Walsin Lihwa.
Professor Fine also serves on the board of directors of Greenfuel Technologies Corporation (http://www.greenfuelonline.com/), a bio-technology company that he co-founded, which focuses on renewable energy. As well, he serves as co-director of a new executive education program, Driving Strategic Innovation, which is a joint venture between the MIT Sloan School and IMD in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Professor Fine holds an AB in mathematics and management science from Duke University, an MS in operations research from Stanford University, and a PhD in business administration (decision sciences) from Stanford University. He is the author of Clockspeed:
