TABLE OF CONTENTS. No. Title Media Source Page

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Daily News Update Page 1

The Head of the Communications Bureau, Information Services and Cooperation (Kabiro Klik) of the Ministry of EMR, Agung Pribadi said that the soaring HBA in April was triggered by the decision of the United States (US) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on the embargo on energy supplies from Russia.

"The energy embargo sanction is the aftermath of the escalating Russia-Ukraine conflict. Global coal commodity prices are also affected, so this month's HBA jumped significantly to 41.5% from March 2022 of US$ 203.69 per tonne," said Agung, Tuesday (5/4/2022).

Not only that, the soaring HBA in April 2022 was also influenced by the recovery in economic activity, after the Covid-19 pandemic in a number of countries also boosted the high global coal demand.

"China's high electricity consumptio n should be taken into account as the main factor in determining the HBA," he explained.

Agung explained that during the last four months, the HBA chart continued to climb.

Starting from January 2022 at US$158.50 per tonne, rising to US$188.38 per tonne in February. Then in March...

Gak Kira-kira, Harga Batu Bara Acuan April Melejit 41,5%

Pratama Guitarra, CNBC Indonesia

K

EMENTERIAN Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) merilis Harga Batu Bara Acuan (HBA) untuk April 2022 ini. Tercatat HBA pada April melejit 41,5% atau menjadi US$ 288,40 per ton dari Maret yang hanya US$ 203,69 per ton.

Kepala Biro Komunikasi Layanan Informasi dan Kerjasama (Kabiro Klik) Kementerian ESDM, Agung Pribadi menyebutkan bahwa melejitnya HBA pada April ini dipicu oleh keputusan Amerika Serikat (AS) dan Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara (North Atlantic Treaty Organization/NATO) atas embargo pasokan energi dari Rusia. "

"Sanksi embargo energi merupakan buntut dari masih memanasnya konflik Rusia- Ukraina. Harga komoditas batubara global pun ikut terpengaruh sehingga HBA di bulan ini melonjak siginifikan hingga 41,5%

dari bulan Maret 2022 sebesar US$ 203,69 per ton," kata Agung, Selasa (5/4/2022).

Tak hanya itu, melejitnya HBA di April 2022 ini juga dipengaruhi atas pulihnya aktivitas perekonomian, selepas pandemi Covid-19 di sejumlah negara juga turut mendongkrak tingginya permintaan batubara global.

"Konsumsi listrik Tiongkok yang tinggi patut diperhitungkan sebagai faktor utama ketetapan HBA," jelasnya.

Agung menguraikan selama empat bulan terakhir, grafik HBA terus menanjak.

Dimulai dari bulan Januari 2022 sebesar US$ 158,50 per ton, naik ke US$ 188,38 per ton di Februari. Selanjutnya bulan Maret...

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Then in March it touched the figure of US$

203.69 per tonne, and lastly in April it was at the level of US$ 288.40 per ton.

"The April HBA will be used directly in the sale and purchase of coal commodities (spot) for one month at the point of delivery of sales on a Free on Board basis on a transport vessel (FOB Veseel)," said Agung.

HBA itself is a price obtained from the average index of the Indonesia Coal Index (ICI), Newcastle Export Index (NEX), Globalcoal Newcastle Index (GCNC), and Platt's 5900 in the previous month, with quality equivalent to 6322 kcal/kg GAR, Total Moisture 8%, Total Sulfur 0.8%, and Ash 15%.

There are two derivative factors that affect the movement of HBA, namely, supply and demand. In terms of supply derivatives, it is influenced by season (weather), mining techniques, supplier country policies, to supply chain technicalities such as trains, barges, and loading terminals.

Meanwhile, the derivative demand factor is influenced by falling electricity demand, which correlates with industrial conditions, import policies, and competition with other energy commodities, such as LNG, nuclear, and hydro.

In addition, the government has also set a domestic HBA specifically for electricity at US$ 70 per tonne and USD 90 per ton for domestic HBA for the fuel needs of the cement and fertilizer industries.

"This maintains the competitiveness of the domestic industry and mainly ensures the affordability of industrial production for the community," concluded Agung.

(pgr/pgr)

Selanjutnya bulan Maret menyentuh angka US$ 203,69 per ton, dan terakhir di bulan April berada di level US$ 288,40 per ton.

"HBA April akan digunakan secara langsung dalam jual beli komoditas batubara (spot) selama satu bulan pada titik serah penjualan secara Free on Board di atas kapal pengangkut (FOB Veseel)," ujar Agung.

HBA sendiri merupakan harga yang diperoleh dari rata-rata indeks Indonesia Coal Index (ICI), Newcastle Export Index (NEX), Globalcoal Newcastle Index (GCNC), dan Platt's 5900 pada bulan sebelumnya, dengan kualitas yang disetarakan pada kalori 6322 kcal/kg GAR, Total Moisture 8%, Total Sulphur 0,8%, dan Ash 15%.

Terdapat dua faktor turunan yang mempengaruhi pergerakan HBA yaitu, supply dan demand. Pada faktor turunan supply dipengaruhi oleh season (cuaca), teknis tambang, kebijakan negara supplier, hingga teknis di supply chain seperti kereta, tongkang, maupun loading terminal.

Sementara untuk faktor turunan demand dipengaruhi oleh kebutuhan listrik yang turun berkorelasi dengan kondisi industri, kebijakan impor, dan kompetisi dengan komoditas energi lain, seperti LNG, nuklir, dan hidro.

Di samping itu, pemerintah juga menetap- kan HBA domestik khusus kelistrikan sebesar US$ 70 per ton dan USD90 per ton diperuntukkan bagi HBA domestik untuk kebutuhan bahan bakar industri semen dan pupuk.

"Ini menjaga daya saing industri domestik dan utamanya memastikan keterjangkauan hasil produksi industri bagi masyarakat,"

tutup Agung. (pgr/pgr)

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Merdeka Copper Gold (MDKA) Repays Shelf Registration Bonds

II Phase I 2021 Series A

Reporter: Akhmad Suryahadi | Editor:

Anna Suci Perwitasari

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T MERDEKA Copper Gold (MDKA) has repaid the principal and the fourth interest payment of the Shelf-Registered Bonds II Phase I 2021 Series A.

The number of bonds maturing on April 2, 2022 consists of principal bonds worth Rp 559.6 billion and interest on the four bonds amounting to Rp 11.19 billion. Thus, the total repayment of principal and interest payments of the four bonds amounted to Rp 570.79 billion.

These bonds have been paid to bond- holders on April 1, 2022 by PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia (KSEI) as payment agent appointed by MDKA.

"The source of funding used by the company to pay off the principal and pay interest on the four bonds comes from internal cash," wrote the MDKA Corporate Secretary in an information disclosure on the Indonesia Stock Exchange website, Monday (4/4).

With the repayment of principal and interest payments, MDKA's obligations on the bonds have ended. Furthermore, there was no other material impact on the repayment and interest of the four bonds on the operational activities, legal, financial condition and business continuity of Merdeka Copper Gold.

Merdeka Copper Gold (MDKA) Lunasi Obligasi Berkelanjutan II

Tahap I 2021 Seri A

Reporter: Akhmad Suryahadi | Editor:

Anna Suci Perwitasari

P

T MERDEKA Copper Gold (MDKA) telah melakukan pelunasan pokok serta pembayaran bunga keempat dari Obligasi Berkelanjutan II Tahap I 2021 Seri A.

Jumlah Obligasi yang jatuh tempo pada 2 April 2022 tersebut terdiri atas pokok obligasi senilai Rp 559,6 miliar dan bunga keempat obligasi sebesar Rp 11,19 miliar.

Sehingga, jumlah pelunasan pokok dan pembayaran bunga keempat obligasi sebesar Rp 570,79 miliar.

Obligasi ini telah dibayarkan kepada para pemegang obligasi pada 1 April 2022 oleh PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia (KSEI) sebagai agen pembayaran yang telah ditunjuk MDKA.

“Sumber pendanaan yang digunakan oleh perseroan untuk melunasi pokok dan membayar bunga keempat obligasi berasal dari kas internal,” tulis Sekretaris Perusahaan MDKA dalam keterbukaan informasi di laman Bursa Efek Indonesia, Senin (4/4).

Dengan dilakukan pelunasan atas pokok dan pembayaran bunga, maka kewajiban MDKA atas obligasi tersebut telah ber- akhir. Selanjutnya, tidak ada dampak material lain atas pelunasan dan bunga keempat obligasi terhadap kegiatan operasional, hukum, kondisi keuangan, dan kelangsungan usaha Merdeka Copper Gold.

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Blessings of Coal, Kobexindo (KOBX) Heavy Equipment Sales

Soar 200 Percent

Author: Reni Lestari

P

T KOBEXINDO Tractors Tbk. (KOBX) posted heavy equipment sales of US$89.99 million, up 205.1 percent year-on-year (YoY) last year.

Andry B Limawan, President Director of Kobexindo, explained that the heavy equipment unit sales segment was the highest contributor, amounting to 75.42 percent of total consolidated revenue.

"This achievement is the best performance in the last three years before the pandemic.

The positive catalyst for the surge came from the skyrocketing prices of coal and mineral commodities at the end of 2020,"

Andry said in his statement, Monday (4/4/2022).

Andry continued, the increase in coal prices has triggered mining producers to resume operations and increase productivity through the purchase of heavy equipment, both to increase their fleet and to upgrade units.

Meanwhile, the revenue growth of the issuer codenamed KOBX was recorded at 134 percent throughout 2021 to US$

119.32 million, an increase compared to 2020 of US$50.97 million.

In addition to heavy equipment sales, the company's revenue was also contributed by four other segments, namely sales of spare parts, repairs and mining contractors, heavy equipment rental, and building rental. The spare parts segment posted US$16.09 million, equivalent to a 13.48 percent contribution to revenue.

Berkah Batu Bara, Penjualan Alat Berat Kobexindo (KOBX)

Melesat 200 Persen

Author: Reni Lestari

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T KOBEXINDO Tractors Tbk. (KOBX) membukukan penjualan alat berat US$

89,99 juta atau naik 205,1 persen secara year-on-year (YoY) pada tahun lalu.

Andry B Limawan, Direktur Utama Kobexindo menjelaskan segmen penjualan unit alat berat menjadi kontributor tertinggi sebesar 75,42 persen dari total pendapatan secara konsolidasi.

"Pencapaian tersebut merupakan kinerja terbaik dalam tiga tahun terakhir sebelum pandemi. Katalis positif dari lonjakan tersebut bersumber dari meroketnya harga komoditas batu bara dan mineral pada akhir 2020," kata Andry dalam kete- rangannya, Senin (4/4/2022).

Andry melanjutkan, kenaikan harga batu bara telah memicu para produsen tambang untuk kembali beroperasi dan mening- katkan produktivitas melalui pembelian alat berat, baik untuk menambah armada maupun peremajaan unit.

Adapun, pertumbuhan pendapatan emiten berkode saham KOBX itu tercatat sebesar 134 persen sepanjang 2021 menjadi US$119,32 juta, meningkat dibandingkan dengan 2020 sebesar US$50,97 juta.

Selain penjualan alat berat, pendapatan perseroan juga dikontribusikan dari empat segmen lain yakni penjualan suku cadang, perbaikan dan kontraktor pertambangan, sewa alat berat, serta sewa bangunan.

Segmen suku cadang membukukan US$

16,09 juta atau setara kontribusi 13,48 persen terhadap pendapatan.

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Then, the repair service and mining contractor segments throughout 2021 posted revenues of US$7.70 million, equivalent to 6.46 percent of total revenue.

Meanwhile, the heavy equipment rental segment was recorded at US$4.84 million or 4.05 percent, and the building rental segment was recorded at US$701 thousand or 0.59 percent of consolidated revenue.

Meanwhile, as an effort to strengthen the structure and revenue portfolio, in 2021 KOBX has added business lines namely sales, repair and sales of spare parts for Mercedes-Benz heavy duty trucks, as well as mining contractors.

Previously, the Association of Indonesian Heavy Equipment Sole Agents (PAABI) recorded sales in January 2022 reaching 1,700 units, above the monthly average in semester II/2021 of 1,400 units.

Meanwhile, throughout 2021, heavy equipment sales rose 110 percent to 14,560 units from the 2020 achievement of 7,200 units. "Mining is the most significant driver, both in coal and nickel, which drives coal and nickel," said PAABI Chairman Etot Listyono. Editor : Farid Firdaus

Kemudian, segmen jasa perbaikan dan kontraktor pertambangan sepanjang 2021 membukukan pendapatan US$7,70 juta atau setara 6,46 persen terhadap total pendapatan. Sedangkan segmen sewa alat berat tercatat US$4,84 juta atau setara 4,05 persen, serta sewa bangunan tercatat US$

701 ribu atau setara 0,59 persen terhadap pendapatan secara konsolidasi.

Sementara itu, sebagai salah satu upaya untuk memperkuat struktur dan portofolio pendapatan, pada 2021 KOBX telah melakukan penambahan lini usaha yakni penjualan, perbaikan dan penjualan suku cadang untuk heavy duty truck Mercedes- Benz, serta kontraktor pertambangan.

Sebelumnya, Perhimpunan Agen Tunggal Alat Berat Indonesia (PAABI) mencatat penjualan pada Januari 2022 menyentuh angka 1.700 unit, di atas rata-rata bulanan pada semester II/2021 sebesar 1.400 unit.

Adapun, sepanjang 2021, penjualan alat berat naik 110 persen menjadi 14.560 unit dari capaian 2020 sebanyak 7.200 unit.

"Mining itu driver yang paling signifikan, baik di coal maupun nickel, yang men- drive itu coal dan nickel," kata Ketua Umum PAABI Etot Listyono. Editor : Farid Firdaus

Indonesia’s claim that banning nickel exports spurs downstreaming is questionable

Krisna Gupta (The Conversation Indonesia)

T

HE INDONESIAN government has claimed that its raw nickel export ban, which started in January 2021, has shown positive impacts after seeing increases in mining investments and exports of nickel-derived products.

This statement seems to be premature, considering that the government has failed to disclose the data that can support this argument.

The Indonesian government has long desired to add high value to domestic mining products, especially nickel, through downstreaming.

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Nickel is a major component in electric batteries, which have become increasingly important due to the rising production of various gadgets and electric cars that require energy storage.

As the country with the world’s largest nickel ore production and reserves, Indonesia has a vital role in the global nickel trade.

Indonesia produces 1 million metric tons per annum or 37% of the worldwide nickel production of around 2.7 million metric tons. Indonesia has placed a ban on raw nickel exports in hopes of adding value to domestic nickel products.

Economists generally discourage market interventions like export bans as they hurt economic efficiency. A nickel export ban might disturb global nickel supplies and trigger trade conflicts.

This is evident in the European Union’s filing of a dispute at the World Trade Organization (WTO) on Indonesia’s export ban policy.

With the above in mind, it begs the question as to whether Indonesia’s export ban actually creates a positive impact on the downstreaming of nickel products.

Export ban: increased investments and export of derivative products

The implementation of the export ban has not always been smooth. In 2014, the government tried banning mineral exports. The government revoked this restriction in 2017 due to dropping nickel productions, sluggish smelter developments and trade balance deficits.

In 2020, as some smelters became operational, the government again banned mineral exports, particularly for low-grade nickels.

The government argued that banning nickel ore exports has successfully increased basic metal industry investments, especially in nickel smelter developments. This statement has been backed up by data from the Indonesian Ministry of Investment presented below.

The data show that investments in the mining industry dropped in 2014 when the government introduced a ban on nickel ore exports, taking away one of the main incentives for investment.

However, in 2021, data show that investments in the industry increased from the previous year, indicating that an export ban does not hurt investment as supplies are absorbed by the domestic market.

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The government also claimed that 2021 saw the exports of value-added nickel products, such as stainless steel.

As investments in the basic metal industry increased, the production of value-added nickel products also rose.

Figure 2 shows nickel-based productions ups and down were influenced by the ban in 2014, relaxation in 2017 and reimplementation of the ban in 2020.

The two indicators - increased investments and exports by the downstream mining industry - have encouraged the government to expand the mineral export ban on other products, including tin and copper.

However, a question remains as to whether investment and export figures make a precise indicator to evaluate the success of the export ban strategy.

Measuring the dynamics of added value

It is correct to say that the value of exports of value-added nickel products is higher than the lost value of nickel ore exports.

However, if the government intends to add value at the domestic level, measuring success using exports is not accurate.

Measuring the shift in the value chain, especially with interventionist policies like an export ban, need detailed assessments.

The first issue is the potential loss of government revenue.

Banning nickel exports means revenue losses from corporate taxes and export duties. This also means that state revenues from the downstream nickel industry must cover the losses.

On the other hand, however, enticing smelter investors to Indonesia requires not only a nickel export ban but also tax incentives.

The government offers smelter companies a tax holiday—from corporate income tax deductions to exemptions, and their products are exempt from export duties.

The second issue is about transferring added value from mining companies to the smelters.

The export ban has forced mining companies to sell their nickel ores to domestic smelting companies. Mining companies must accept a far lower price amid the currently high global nickel price.

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The nickel export ban, in sum, has caused value losses in the mining sector. This loss has been exacerbated by problems surrounding domestic nickel selling pricing and grading systems.

The third issue is employment. The government argued that adding value to mining products would open new industries and new job opportunities in Indonesia.

Nevertheless, despite the possible increase in employment rate, especially in the smelting sector, the government must also measure the possible downsizing in the mining sector due to the nickel export ban.

Unfortunately, Indonesia does not have reliable employment data in the mining sector.

Available data show that the proportion of basic metal industry workers in the Indonesian workforce has not demonstrated any perceptible increase.

The three issues mentioned above illustrate that measuring added value based on export bans and tax incentives is more complex than the government has argued.

The government should also assess the alignment between the visions of this export ban and those who enjoy the benefit of the value addition. For example, Chinese-based companies chose to invest in Indonesia for the tax holidays offered and the access to cheap nickel but would export their production output back to China.

Figure 3 below illustrates the above case for ferronickel, a semi-finished commodity derived from smelting oxidised nickel ore.

The government needs a careful consideration Tax holidays and guaranteed access to cheap nickel may distort the measurement of the economics of smelters. It is questionable whether smelters remain economically feasible if the government revokes all tax incentives and impose export duties on value-added nickel products to add to the state revenues.

This is without including the other problems, such as permit maladmi- nistration, increased energy demands, and environmental issues like water contamination, which have become an increasingly crucial aspect for global investors.

Not to mention, smelter operation requires 4.8 gigawatts of electricity annually. This runs counter to Indonesia’s spirit to cut carbon emissions in the following years.

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More, Indonesia’s export ban has triggered a dispute filing by the European Union at the WTO. This suit is certainly not the best situation for Indonesia to start the term of its G20 presidency.

Suppose more countries join the European Union in this dispute. In that case, Indonesia is exposed to the risk of trade retaliation that will give the government a hard time when channelling its value-added nickel products to the global market. Indonesia’s appeal as a battery production center will no longer be enticing without the global market.

The ban has also caused Indonesia to miss out on gaining from the increased nickel price, which rose by five folds from February to early March because of the war between Russia and Ukraine, two major global nickel suppliers.

All in all, I view that the data the government used to support its claim of the success of the nickel export ban are weak. Potential tax losses, trade retaliations, and decreased mining revenues for only allowed selling to domestic companies under a lower pricing arrangement are significant issues in measuring the added value of export ban-based nickel downstreaming.

The government should measure the success based on more data, not only export data. The government must also integrate the calculations with its downstreaming roadmap to allow the creation of a long-term goal. On top of that, the government must disclose the data for the public to access.

If the current methodology is maintained, it may be best for us to remain sceptical of the benefits of export ban-based nickel downstreaming. ---

Krisna Gupta, PhD Student at The Australian National University, Australian National University

The Government Needs to Immediately Encourage Ex- PKP2B Land Utilization

Reporter: Filemon Agung | Editor: Anna Suci Perwitasari

T

HE GOVERNMENT is re-shrinking land for former companies holding Coal Mining Concession Work Agreements (PKP2B).

Most recently, PT Multi Harapan Utama, which obtained an extension of its operating license into a Special Mining Business Permit (IUPK), had its land area cut by 23.92% or equivalent to 9,563 ha.

Thus, the land area of MHU is now 30,409 ha.

Pemerintah Perlu Segera Dorong Pemanfaatan Lahan Eks PKP2B

Reporter: Filemon Agung | Editor: Anna Suci Perwitasari

P

ENCIUTAN lahan kembali dilakukan pemerintah untuk eks perusahaan pemegang Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara (PKP2B).

Terbaru, PT Multi Harapan Utama yang mendapatkan perpanjangan izin operasi menjadi Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus (IUPK) dipangkas lahannya sebesar 23,92% atau setara 9.563 ha. Dengan demikian, luasan lahan MHU kini sebesar 30.409 ha.

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Deputy Chairman of Commission VII DPR RI Eddy Soeparno emphasized that land that had been reduced had to be returned to the state to be auctioned off to parties who met the requirements.

"The land must provide added value to the state but the auction process is open to anyone," said Eddy when contacted by Kontan, Monday (4/4).

Eddy also assessed that the use of the ex- PKP2B land needs to be carried out. This is urgently needed to keep the land productive and to avoid illegal mining practices in the area.

Meanwhile, Tarumanegara University Energy and Mining Law Observer Ahmad Redi explained, looking at the ex-PKP2B land of PT Tanito Harum, land use needs to be carried out.

"Now it's not clear, it's not given to SOEs and then it's not auctioned. So finally there is illegal mining there," said Redi to Kontan.co.id, Monday (4/4).

Redi assessed that the existing lands should be offered to SOE or ROE. If both parties are not interested then it can be auctioned off to the private sector.

According to him, there are still quite a lot of companies that are interested in using the ex-PKP2B land because it still has a high economic value.

Kontan.co.id noted, currently the total land area of the former first generation PKP2B reaches 90,441 ha. This amount consists of 34,583 ha of ex PT Tanito Harum's land, 22,900 ha of ex PT Arutmin Indonesia's land and 23,395 ha of former PT Kaltim Prima Coal land and 9,563 ha of ex PT Multi Harapan Utama's land.

Wakil Ketua Komisi VII DPR RI Eddy Soeparno menegaskan untuk lahan-lahan yang telah diciutkan harus dikembalikan ke negara untuk dapat dilelang kepada para pihak yang memenuhi syarat.

"Lahan tersebut harus memberikan nilai tambah ke negara tapi proses pelelangan terbuka untuk siapa saja," tegas Eddy ketika dihubungi Kontan, Senin (4/4).

Eddy pun menilai pemanfaatan lahan eks PKP2B perlu dilakukan. Hal ini mendesak dilakukan demi menjaga agar lahan tetap produktif serta menghindari praktik pertambangan ilegal di wilayah tersebut.

Sementara itu, Pengamat Hukum Energi dan Pertambangan Universitas Taruma- negara Ahmad Redi menjelaskan, berkaca dari lahan eks PKP2B PT Tanito Harum maka pemanfaatan lahan perlu dilakukan.

"Sekarang gak jelas, tidak diberikan ke BUMN kemudian juga tidak dilelang. Nah akhirnya ada penambangan ilegal di sana,"

kata Redi kepada Kontan.co.id, Senin (4/4).

Redi menilai, lahan-lahan yang ada seharusnya dapat ditawarkan kepada BUMN ataupun BUMD. Jika kemudian kedua pihak tersebut tidak berminat maka dapat dilelang kepada swasta.

Menurutnya, masih cukup banyak perusahaan yang berminat untuk pemanfaatan lahan eks PKP2B karena masih memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi.

Kontan.co.id mencatat, saat ini total lahan eks PKP2B generasi pertama mencapai 90.441 ha. Jumlah ini terdiri dari lahan eks PT Tanito Harum sebesar 34.583 ha, lahan eks PT Arutmin Indonesia sebesar 22.900 ha dan lahan eks PT Kaltim Prima Coal sebesar 23.395 ha serta lahan eks PT Multi Harapan Utama sebesar 9.563 ha.

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Coal Prices Up 2.6%, Highest on Record in 10 Days

Maesaroh, CNBC Indonesia

C

OAL prices are slowly starting to strengthen again. On Monday (1/4/2022) trading, the price of May contract coal closed at US$ 258.65 per ton, up 2.64%

compared to the previous day. The price level of US$ 258.65 per tonne is the highest since March 25, 2022.

Coal prices had fallen in a row on March 25-29 2022 before finally climbing slowly on March 30, 2022. Within a week, the price of coal had strengthened 5.32% but still fell 36.46% during the month. Within a year, coal prices have shot up 181.44%.

One of the reasons for the increase in coal prices was the improvement in world crude oil prices. The price of Brent crude oil today rose 3% to the level of US$

107.53 per barrel.

Last week, the price of Brent oil plunged about 13% after US President Joe Biden planned to remove oil reserves from the national stockpile of 1 million barrels per day for 6 months, or about 180 million barrels.

The improvement in coal prices was also due to the lack of abating of the Russia- Ukraine conflict and fears of new sanctions against Russia. Most recently, the British government called on the world to increase economic sanctions against Russia over Moscow's military attack on Ukraine.

This was conveyed directly by the British Foreign Minister, Liz Truss, Monday (4/4/2022), on the sidelines of her visit to Ukraine's neighbor, Poland.

Harga Batu Bara Naik 2,6%, Rekor Tertinggi dalam 10 Hari

Maesaroh, CNBC Indonesia

H

ARGA batu bara secara perlahan mulai menguat kembali. Pada perdagangan Senin (1/4/2022), harga batu bara kontrak Mei ditutup di level US$ 258,65 per ton, menguat 2,64% dibandingkan hari sebelumnya. Level harga US$ 258,65 per ton adalah yang tertinggi sejak 25 Maret 2022.

Harga batu bara sempat jatuh beruntun pada 25-29 Maret 2022 sebelum akhirnya menanjak perlahan pada 30 Maret 2022.

Dalam sepekan harga batu sudah menguat 5,32% tetapi masih anjlok 36,46% selama sebulan. Dalam setahun, harga bara sudah melesat 181,44%.

Kenaikan harga batu bara salah satunya dipicu oleh membaiknya harga minyak mentah dunia. Harga minyak mentah Brent pada hari ini menguat 3% ke level US$

107,53 per barel.

Pekan kemarin, harga minyak Brent anjlok sekitar 13% setelah Presiden AS Joe Biden merencanakan untuk mengeluarkan cadangan minyak dari persediaan nasional sebesar 1 juta barel per hari selama 6 bulan atau sekitar 180 juta barel.

Perbaikan harga batu bara juga disebabkan belum meredanya konflik Rusia-Ukraina serta kekhawatiran sanksi baru terhadap Rusia. Terbaru, pemerintah Inggris menyerukan dunia untuk menambah sanksi ekonomi terhadap Rusia atas serangan militer Moskow ke Ukraina. Hal ini di- sampaikan langsung oleh Menteri Luar Negeri (Menlu) Inggris, Liz Truss, Senin (4/4/2022), di sela-sela kunjungannya ke tetangga Ukraina, Polandia.

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Bank Mandiri Industry Analyst Ahmad Zuhdi said coal prices will still be influenced by the Russia-Ukraine situation.

"But again, we still have to observe the development of this war, the more peaceful it is, in my opinion, the more stable it will be and tend to decline," said Zuhdi, to CNBC Indonesia.

Climate Energy Finance Corporation chief executive Stephen Galilee said coal prices remained high due to the high demand for this commodity.

"Demand from India, Thailand, Korea and Japan is still high. This is an incentive for coal companies to continue operating,"

said Galilee, as quoted by the ABC. CNBC INDONESIA RESEARCH TEAM (mae/mae)

Analis Industri Bank Mandiri Ahmad Zuhdi mengatakan harga batu bara masih akan dipengaruhi situasi Rusia-Ukraina. "Tapi balik lagi, kita masih harus amati per- kembangan perang ini, semakin ke arah damai menurut saya akan semakin stabil dan cenderung menurun," tutur Zuhdi, kepada CNBC Indonesia.

Chief executive Climate Energy Finance Corporation Stephen Galilee mengatakan harga batu bara masih tetap tinggi karena besarnya permintaan akan komoditas tersebut.

"Permintaan dari India, Thailand, Korea dan Jepang masih tinggi. Ini adalah insentif bagi perusahaan batu bara untuk terus beropeasi," tutur Galilee, seperti dikutip dari ABC. TIM RISET CNBC INDONESIA (mae/mae)

China Lockdown, How About Coal Exports?

Author: Faustina Prima Martha

T

HE INDONESIAN Coal and Energy Suppliers Association (ASPEBINDO) assessed that the lockdown situation in China due to the increasing infection with the Covid-19 virus did not significantly affect the demand for coal from the Panda Country.

"The effect of the lockdown in China will not have a significant effect [on Indonesia's coal exports], because energy consumption will remain high," ASPEBINDO Chairman Anggawira told Bisnis, Monday (4/4/2022).

China is Indonesia's largest coal export destination. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency, the volume of Indonesia's coal exports to China in 2021 will reach 181 million tons.

China Lockdown, Bagaimana Nasib Ekspor Batu Bara?

Author: Faustina Prima Martha

A

SOSIASI Pemasok Energi dan Batubara Indonesia (ASPEBINDO) menilai situasi lockdown di China akibat meningkatnya infeksi virus Covid-19 tidak mempengaruhi permintaan batu bara dari Negeri Panda tersebut secara signifikan.

“Pengaruh lockdown di China tidak akan berpengaruh signifikan [pada ekspor batu bara Indonesia], karena konsumsi energi akan tetap tinggi,” Ketua Umum ASPEBINDO Anggawira kepada Bisnis, Senin (4/4/2022).

China merupakan negara tujuan ekspor batu bara terbesar Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik, volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia ke China pada 2021 mencapai 181 juta ton.

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Coal prices at the end of last week's trading recorded an increase. Coal prices closed up 0.26 percent at US$252.00/ton.

However, in a week the price of coal fell 4.6 percent point to point. Within a month, coal prices still rose slightly by 0.2 percent and rose 174.2 percent during the year.

Coal price fluctuations were influenced by the decline in world oil prices triggered by the lockdown in China due to the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, which resulted in the closure of China's business and financial center, Shanghai.

China is Indonesia's largest coal export destination. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency, the volume of Indonesia's coal exports to China in 2021 will reach 181 million tons.

For the record, launching data from Minerba One Data Indonesia (MODI) issued by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR), Indonesia's coal production as of Monday (4/4/2022) reached 137.5 million tons or 20.67 percent of production target of 663 million tons. Meanwhile, coal sales reached 70 million tons.Editor : Amanda Kusumawardhani

Harga batu bara pada perdagangan akhir pekan lalu tercatat naik. Harga batu bara ditutup menguat 0,26 persen di level US$

252,00/ton.

Meski demikian, dalam sepekan harga batu bara turun 4,6 persen point to point. Dalam sebulan, harga batu bara masih naik tipis sebesar 0,2 persen dan naik 174,2 persen selama setahun.

Fluktuasi harga batu bara dipengaruhi oleh penurunan harga minyak dunia yang dipicu oleh lockdown di China akibat merebaknya pandemi Covid-19, yang mengakibatkan penutupan pusat bisnis dan keuangan China, Shanghai.

China merupakan negara tujuan ekspor batu bara terbesar Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik, volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia ke China pada 2021 mencapai 181 juta ton.

Sebagai catatan, melansir data Minerba One Data Indonesia (MODI) yang dikeluarkan Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM), produksi batu bara Indonesia hingga Senin (4/4/2022) mencapai 137,5 juta ton atau mencapai 20,67 persen dari target produksi yang mencapai 663 juta ton. Sementara itu, penjualan batu bara mencapai 70 juta ton. Editor : Amanda Kusumawardhani

Latest Mining Commodity Price List

M

INING commodity prices have fluctuated in recent times. There are several factors that affect mining prices, one of which is geopolitical tensions between Russia and Ukraine.

Daftar Harga Komoditas Tambang Terbaru

H

ARGA komoditas tambang mengalami fluktuasi dalam beberapa waktu belakangan.

Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi harga tambang, salah satunya ketegangan geopolitik antara Rusia-Ukraina.

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Understandably, Russia is one of the largest mining countries in the world from coal to crude oil.

So what is the price of the latest mining products?

Coal

Coal benchmark ICE NewCastle fell 0.10 percent to US$258.75 per metric ton on Friday (1/4) local time.

Citing Barchart, the price of coal has been observed to have increased dramatically since the end of February from the US$200 level to the US$300s level and until early March soared to over US$400 per metric ton.

Nickel

Launching Markets Insider, the world nickel price at the close of Friday (1/4) was recorded at US$ 32,775 per ton, up 1.94 percent compared to the previous closing price.

World nickel prices began to move steadily at the end of March 2022, after volatile trading in the previous two weeks to record highs at the level of US$ 100 thousand per ton.

Nickel prices were also affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The conflict between the two countries has raised concerns about supply shortages in the market because the Red Bear Country is one of the largest nickel producers in the world.

Precious metal

Gold prices in international trade based on the market benchmark Commodity Exchange COMEX rose 0.38 percent to US$

1,931 per troy ounce. While the price of gold in spot trading rose 0.03 percent to US$ 1,926.2 per troy ounce this afternoon.

Maklum, Rusia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil tambang terbesar di dunia seperti batu bara hinga minyak mentah.

Lantas berapa harga hasil tambang terbaru?

Batu Bara

Batu bara acuan ICE NewCastle turun 0,10 persen menjadi US$258,75 per metrik ton pada perdagangan Jumat (1/4) waktu setempat.

Mengutip Barchart, harga batu bara ter- pantau naik drastis sejak akhir Februari dari level US$200-an menuju US$300-an dan hingga awal Maret melonjak ke atas US$400 per metrik ton.

Nikel

Melansir Markets Insider, harga nikel dunia pada penutupan Jumat (1/4) tercatat US$ 32.775 per ton, naik 1,94 persen dibandingkan dengan harga penutupan sebelumnya.

Harga nikel dunia mulai bergerak stabil pada akhir Maret 2022, setelah perdagangan yang bergejolak pada dua minggu sebelumnya hingga mencetak rekor tertingginya di level US$100 ribu per ton.

Harga nikel juga dipengaruhi oleh invasi Rusia ke Ukraina. Konflik kedua negara menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan ter- sendatnya pasokan di pasar lantaran Negeri Beruang Merah merupakan salah satu produsen nikel terbesar di dunia.

Logam Mulia

Harga emas di perdagangan internasional berdasarkan acuan pasar Commodity Exchange COMEX naik 0,38 persen menjadi US$1.931 per troy ons. Sementara harga emas di perdagangan spot naik 0,03 persen ke US$1.926,2 per troy ons pada sore ini.

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Meanwhile, commodity silver rose 0.84 percent to US$ 24.86 per troy ounce. Then, copper rose 0.38 percent to US$ 470.65 per pound.

While platinum rose 0.19 percent to US$

991.5 per troy ounce. This figure is based on Bloomberg real time data written on Monday (4/3) at 17:02 WIB.

Crude oil

World crude oil prices slumped in early trading Sunday (3/4) local time, after the United Arab Emirates and the Iran-aligned Houthi group welcomed a ceasefire.

The ceasefire, which halted military operations on the Saudi-Yemeni border, eased fears of potential supply problems.

Launching Reuters, Brent crude futures fell US$ 1.01, or 1 percent, to US$ 103.38 per barrel. Meanwhile, WTI crude futures fell 84 cents, or 0.9 percent, to $98.43 per barrel.

Meanwhile, last week oil prices fell about 13 percent, the biggest weekly decline in two years, as US President Joe Biden announced the release of the largest US oil reserves ever. (sfr/sfr)

Sementara, komoditas perak naik 0,84 persen menjadi US$24,86 per troy ons. Lalu, tembaga naik 0,38 persen menjadi US$

470,65 per pound.

Sedangkan platinum naik 0,19 persen menjadi US$991,5 per troy ons. Angka tersebut berdasarkan data real time Bloomberg yang ditulis pada Senin (4/3) pukul 17:02 WIB.

Minyak Mentah

Harga minyak mentah dunia merosot pada awal perdagangan Minggu (3/4) waktu setempat, setelah Uni Emirat Arab dan kelompok Houthi yang bersekutu dengan Iran menyambut gencatan senjata.

Gencatan senjata yang menghentikan operasi militer di perbatasan Saudi-Yaman tersebut mengurangi kekhawatiran akan potensi masalah pasokan.

Melansir Reuters, minyak mentah berjangka Brent turun US$1,01 atau 1 persen menjadi US$103,38 per barel. Sementara, minyak mentah berjangka WTI turun 84 sen atau 0,9 persen,menjadi US$98,43 per barel.

Sementara pada pekan lalu harga minyak turun sekitar 13 persen, menjadi penurunan mingguan terbesar dalam dua tahun, di- karenakan Presiden AS Joe Biden meng- umumkan rilis cadangan minyak AS terbesar yang pernah ada. (sfr/sfr)

Copper price up despite China demand concerns

MINING.COM Staff Writer

T

HE COPPER price rose on Monday despite lingering demand concerns in top consumer China.

Copper for delivery in May rose 2.3% from Friday’s settlement price, touching $4.790 per pound ($10,538 per tonne).

Trading was sluggish as Chinese financial markets were closed for a public holiday, but traders kept a wary eye on the country’s covid-19 lockdowns and their impact on economic output and overall demand.

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“The lockdown in China “has already led to a slowdown in the domestic movement of base metals, (and) as a result, production cuts at metal fabricators have also been implemented,”

commodity strategists at ANZ said in a note.

Meanwhile, Peru, the world’s second largest copper supplier, will target the “excess profits”

that mining companies have earned from rising metal prices around the world, Economy and Finance Minister Oscar Graham told Reuters in an interview late Friday.

The country will focus on surplus profits, potentially through an “adjustment” to taxes, Graham said.

Peruvian President Pedro Castillo pledged to raise taxes on the mining sector when he came to office last year. His current plan, however, is much less ambitious than initially promised after it faced resistance from miners and a split Congress. (With files from Reuters and Bloomberg)

LME introduces 15% daily price limits for all metals

By: Reuters

T

HE LONDON Metal Exchange said it had introduced daily price limits for all its metals and would commission an independent review into the events that led to chaos in the nickel market last month.

The LME has brought in 15% upper and lower daily price limits for all of its physically delivered metals plus cash-settled cobalt, it said on Monday.

The exchange suspended nickel trading on March 8 after prices spiked by more than 50% to hit $100 000 a tonne. Activity resumed on March 16 when it launched daily price limits and the provision of OTC nickel trading data for the first time.

The price surge was blamed on short-covering by one of the world's top nickel producers, China's Tsingshan Holding Group. The LME has said the large short positions originated primarily from the over-the-counter (OTC) market.

The exchange also said it wanted to introduce OTC trade reporting across the board and that a first step was to extend provision of OTC daily position reporting, as is now implemented for nickel, to other metals.

The LME said it welcomed an announcement by British financial regulators who said on Monday that they would review the way the exchange handled the halt in nickel trading last month.

It added that it would also commission an independent review of events leading up to the trading suspension in an attempt to prevent a repeat of such a situation.

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GroundProbe opens larger, more advanced geotechnical support service centre in Balikpapan, Indonesia

Posted by Paul Moore

G

ROUNDPROBE, a member of the Orica Group, recently celebrated the relocation of their office, facilities and Geotechnical Support Service (GSS) centre in Balikpapan, Indonesia, to better serve their growing Asian customer base. The centre, originally opened in 2012, will provide 24/7 real-time remote radar and laser monitoring services for mine slopes and tailings dams, globally.

“Our state-of-the-art centre provides the most technologically advanced solution for remote monitoring in the region. It has been developed with high-tech infrastructure to ensure smooth support delivery, offers collaboration opportunities to our global customers, and is designed to facilitate advanced software development and technology implementation in engagement with Orica technology roadmap,” said David Noon, GroundProbe’s Chief Executive Officer.

Celebrating the event, Noon said: “We are proud of our accomplishments here in Indonesia and look forward to providing our valued Asian customers with even more expert GSS support during this time of rapid growth across the mining sector, specifically the rising importance placed on tailings dam monitoring.”

Celebrating 10 years since establishing the centre with one engineer, it has grown exponentially, with over 60 geotechnical engineers, monitoring more than 100 systems from multiple stations, 24/7, with more than one-third of the geotechnical engineers, being female.

Also located within the same building is the GroundProbe office, with operational and support staff members assigned to deliver value-added technology and services to customers through smarter technology adoption and operational optimisation.

Globally, GroundProbe’s GSS team of currently more than 120 highly experienced engineers and radar operators have extensive radar knowledge and experience and is one of the largest assembled teams of geotechnical mining professionals in the world. The talented team has provided early warning to mine sites for more than slope failures.

GroundProbe operates two additional high-tech monitoring centres in Santiago, Chile, and Belo Horizonte, Brazil, providing support in four languages – Portuguese, Spanish, English, and Bahasa. “GroundProbe’s purpose every day is to create and apply innovative technologies that deliver high-value information to our customers, helping them to better manage risk. To this, we look forward to a continued focus on assisting Indonesian miners in keeping themselves and the wider community safe,” said Noon.

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Coal predicted to exceed $100 billion annual export mark

Danaya Malenda

T

HE 2021-22 Australian resources and energy export earnings forecast shows that figures will soar to a record-high of $425 billion.

Minister for Resources and Water Keith Pitt said the latest forecast from the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources March 2022 edition of the Resources and Energy Quarterly (REQ) is up 12 per cent to the December 2021 projection of $379 billion.

“The March 2022 REQ has found that soaring demand and high prices for Australia’s gas, coal and oil are a key contributor to our record export earnings,” Pitt said.

“In short, our resources sector is knocking it out of the park and underpinning our economic growth, our energy security and our national security.

“Critical global shortages in energy and resource commodities have led to record prices for many of our commodities.

“The REQ notes that with international coal prices at record levels – as the war in Ukraine and the ongoing La Niña weather conditions affect supply and demand – Australia’s combined coal export earnings are forecast to rise to about $110 billion in 2021–22.”

Pitt said coal became the second Australian commodity after iron ore to break through the

$100 billion annual export mark.

With the combined lithium, nickel and copper export earnings likely to exceed $23 billion in 2021-22, an increase of 38 per cent to the 2020-21 earnings is expected.

“These record earnings will keep the benefits flowing to all Australians, including through company taxes, the taxes paid by the more than 270,000 people in high paying resources jobs, the more than one million in indirect jobs generated by the sector and the royalties the states and the Northern Territory use to pay for services such as the hospitals, roads and schools across regional Australia,” Pitt said.

The REQ states that the 2022-23 outlook could see resources and energy export earnings easing off record levels to $370 billion as bulk commodity prices return to more stable levels.

However, global uncertainty and strong global demand may see a favourable change in this forecast.

Pitt said these forecasts confirm the importance of Australia’s resources and energy sector to the nation’s economic security.

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Indian State Cancels Adani Bids to Supply Imported Coal, Cites High Prices

By Aldgra Fredly

I

NDIA’s Andhra Pradesh state has canceled two bids from Adani Enterprises Ltd. for tenders to supply imported coal, due to high prices, despite the company being the sole bidder for one of the tenders, government officials said on April 3.

The officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, told Reuters that Adani offered to supply 500,000 metric tons of South African coal for 40,000 rupees ($526.50) per ton in March 2022 and another 750,000 tons at 17,480 rupees ($238.08) in January.

They claimed that both offers were rejected despite Adani being the sole bidder for the 500,000-ton tender and offered a lower price for the 750,000-ton tender than another bidder, Agarwal Coal.

This would be the first time in recent years that a major government tender for imported coal has been canceled in India because of high costs, according to Reuters. There have been no other reports on the cancellation.

The officials claimed that Andhra Pradesh filed a tender the week of March 28 “for urgent procurement” of 100,000 tons of imported coal, following a 7 percent electricity shortage in the last three days of March.

B. Sreedhar, managing director of Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corp. Ltd., said the current power shortfall was not as severe as 2021 but added that the state is relying on a

“hand-to-mouth existence.”

“We have not been able to build up stocks. Even though coal is available locally because of more mining, transportation is an issue,” Sreedhar told Reuters.

South African coal prices reached a monthly high of $176.50 per ton in January 2022 due to an export embargo in Indonesia, before surging to $441.65 per ton in March as a result of the Russia–Ukraine crisis.

While local utilities have been asked to increase coal imports to meet a domestic shortfall, officials warned that expensive imports might exacerbate the financial burden of state-owned distributors, which owe power generators nearly $15 billion.

Meanwhile, the Indian multinational conglomerate Adani is expected to build a 5.2-megawatt wind turbine prototype at Mundra, Gujarat, using technology from Germany’s W2E Wind to Energy Gmbh. This will be India’s largest wind turbine, The Hindu Business Line reported, citing people familiar with the matter.

According to the sources, Adani aims to build the wind turbine prototype with a manufacturing facility in Mundra to step up production for self-consumption, domestic sales, and exports. Reuters contributed to this report.

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U.S. Coal Prices Top $100 a Ton For First Time Since 2008

Will Wade, Bloomberg News

U

.S. coal prices topped $100 per ton for the first time in 13 years as Russia’s war in Ukraine and the global energy crunch drive up demand for fossil fuels.

Prices for coal from Central Appalachia surged 9% to $106.15 a ton last week, the highest since late 2008, according to government data released Monday. Prices in the Illinois Basin rose to $109.55, topping $100 a ton for the first time in records dating to 2005.

The rise comes as U.S. consumers already face the highest inflation in four decades. Higher coal prices increase the odds that U.S. consumers will pay more for electricity, as costs are already soaring for food, housing and cars in the U.S., driving consumer-price inflation to the fastest annual pace since 1981.

Coal prices are surging around the world as economies recover from the pandemic and as power producers push to line up alternatives to Russian fuel. It comes as a United Nations- backed panel of climate scientists warned Monday that the world may be on track to warm at a pace that would painfully remake societies and life on the planet.

Shift of thermal coal demand from advanced economies to Asia accelerating: report

Author: Suyash Pande, Pritish Raj; Editor: Kshitiz Goliya

T

HE LONG-term shift in demand sources of thermal coal away from advanced economies toward Asia is forcing global coal markets to adjust to a complex transition as the move has gathered pace on a range on fronts, a report released by Australia's Office of Chief Economist said April 4.

While coal generation in the US is declining at an accelerating rate amid growing domestic competition from gas generation, imports to European nations are expected to decline particularly rapidly in the second half of the outlook period as coal plant retirements gather pace, the Resources and Energy Quarterly report said. The report made forecasts about the global coal market for 2022-2027.

"The global drive towards low carbon energy sources and a sharp decline in the coal plant construction pipeline has changed incentives for investors and miners, deterring long term investment in coal despite the recent surge in prices," the report said.

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Highlighting how imports to Austria, Belgium and Sweden have fallen to zero following the recent closure of the last power stations in each country, the report noted that Denmark, Finland, Italy and Spain are expected to reduce imports to zero by the late 2020s, while the UK is on track to close its last coal power station in 2024.

The report said that Germany is likely to drive closure of 2.5 GW coal-powered plants by end of 2024. However, it noted that the need to secure its energy may lead to delay in closure of thermal coal power plants and may even lead to reopening of plants temporarily.

Four out of six coal-fired plants of Orat Rabin are scheduled to be closed in Israel in 2022 and remaining plants are expected to be replaced with gas-fired power, the report said, adding thermal coal imports to Israel are to fall to zero by 2025.

Lack of investment in coal supply

"The year 2030 looks to be a significant turning point, representing a coal power phase-out date for many OECD countries, but a peak demand date for a number of nations across Asia,"

the report said. "The underpinning transition of energy sources across much of the world could lead to significant volatility in coal trade and coal prices in the interim."

The persistently high coal prices have not prompted investment into coal projects, which would make it harder for coal prices to correct and lead to a fall in its competitiveness and consequently lead to structural decline.

Asian coal import outlook

Meanwhile, imports to Asia are expected to offset much of the decline elsewhere over the outlook period, according to the report, which added coal use in China is likely to remain strong, with the government recently removing energy intensity goals from its energy targets.

However, China also continues to seek ways to reduce its dependency on coal imports, which could come about through rising domestic production, it said.

Stating that coal demand in India is expected to rise steadily over the outlook period, the report said imports to India may grow by 20 million mt to 173 million mt by 2027, with growth then slowing thereafter amid expected rise in domestic output.

Meanwhile, efficiency and price competitiveness in coal-fired generation in Malaysia and planned construction of new plants in the Philippines are expected to keep import demand firm.

Rising power demand and difficulty in stepping up domestic production in Vietnam may keep coal imports rising till 2025 and reach a peak in 2030, the report said, adding Thailand may begin phase-outs towards 2027 with coal-powered generation expected to fall to 10% by 2030.

"Imports to nations excluding India, China, Japan and South Korea are expected to rise from 221 million mt in 2021 to 239 million mt in 2027," it said. Imports are expected to moderate for Japan, Taiwan and South Korea due to their commitments for 'net zero' carbon policies.

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