Draget, K. I., et al., Effects of molecular weight and elastic segment flexibility on syneresis in Ca-alginate gels. Food Hydrocolloids 15:

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Lampiran 1. Metode ekstraksi sodium alginat dari rumput laut.

Rumput laut kering

Perendaman dalam HCl 1% 1 jam (rumput laut: HCl 1: 30 b/v)

Pencucian dengan air bersih sampai pH netral

Ekstraksi

dengan larutan Na2CO3 2% sebanyak 1:30 (w/v), pada suhu 60⁰C - 70⁰C,

selama 60 menit, digiling dan ekstraksi dilanjutkan selama 60 menit

Penyaringan

hasil ekstraksi disaring dengan vibrator 150- mesh

Pemucatan

ditambahkan NaOCl 4% volume filtrat selama 30 menit

Pengendapan asam alginat

filtrat di tambahkan HCl 10% sampai pH 2.8 – 3.2, endapan asam alginat dipisahkan dan dicuci bersih

Konversi menjadi natrium alginat dititrasi dengan Na2CO3 10% sampai pH 7

Pemisahan natrium alginat

filtrat dituangkan sedikit demi sedikit ke dalam Isopropil alkohol (1:2 v/v) sambil diaduk dan dibiarkan selama 30 menit

Pengeringan dan penggilingan

serat alginat dikeringkan dibawah sinar matahari selama + 12 jam, sampai kadar air 12%

digiling dengan ukuran 60 mesh

bubuk natrium alginat

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Lampiran 2. Uji statistik bahan baku alginat

ANOVA

85.889 3 28.630 248.557 .000

.921 8 .115

86.810 11

2719.711 3 906.570 11607.815 .000

.625 8 .078

2720.336 11

417.769 3 139.256 1622.405 .000

.687 8 .086

418.456 11

1.337 3 .446 59.208 .000

.060 8 .008

1.397 11

.445 3 .148 30.402 .000

.039 8 .005

.484 11

.097 3 .032 6.175 .018

.042 8 .005

.138 11

.665 3 .222 26.223 .000

.068 8 .008

.733 11

Between Groups Within Groups Total

Kadar air

Kadar Abu

Bahan Tdk larut air

Residu Pb

Residu Arsen

Kadar Ca

M/G

Sum of

Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Post Hoc Tests (0 = Sargassum sp, 1 = Turbinaria sp. 2 = Komersial Sigma 3 = komersial toko)

Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: Kadar air LSD

-.5300 .27711 .092 -1.1690 .1090

6.2200* .27711 .000 5.5810 6.8590

2.6733* .27711 .000 2.0343 3.3123

.5300 .27711 .092 -.1090 1.1690

6.7500* .27711 .000 6.1110 7.3890

3.2033* .27711 .000 2.5643 3.8423

-6.2200* .27711 .000 -6.8590 -5.5810

-6.7500* .27711 .000 -7.3890 -6.1110

-3.5467* .27711 .000 -4.1857 -2.9077

-2.6733* .27711 .000 -3.3123 -2.0343

-3.2033* .27711 .000 -3.8423 -2.5643

3.5467* .27711 .000 2.9077 4.1857

(J) Jenis Alginat 1.00

2.00 3.00 .00 2.00 3.00 .00 1.00 3.00 .00 1.00 2.00 (I) Jenis Alginat .00

1.00

2.00

3.00

Mean Difference

(I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound 95% Confidence Interval

The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

*.

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Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Kadar Abu

LSD

-1.7867* .22818 .000 -2.3129 -1.2605

-3.3567* .22818 .000 -3.8829 -2.8305

-36.3733* .22818 .000 -36.8995 -35.8471

1.7867* .22818 .000 1.2605 2.3129

-1.5700* .22818 .000 -2.0962 -1.0438

-34.5867* .22818 .000 -35.1129 -34.0605

3.3567* .22818 .000 2.8305 3.8829

1.5700* .22818 .000 1.0438 2.0962

-33.0167* .22818 .000 -33.5429 -32.4905

36.3733* .22818 .000 35.8471 36.8995

34.5867* .22818 .000 34.0605 35.1129

33.0167* .22818 .000 32.4905 33.5429

2.00 3.00 .00 2.00 3.00 .00 1.00 3.00 .00 1.00 2.00 (I) Jenis Alginat .00

1.00

2.00

3.00

Mean Difference

*.

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Bahan Tdk larut air

LSD

-2.1567* .23921 .000 -2.7083 -1.6050

10.5933* .23921 .000 10.0417 11.1450

10.6533* .23921 .000 10.1017 11.2050

2.1567* .23921 .000 1.6050 2.7083

12.7500* .23921 .000 12.1984 13.3016

12.8100* .23921 .000 12.2584 13.3616

-10.5933* .23921 .000 -11.1450 -10.0417 -12.7500* .23921 .000 -13.3016 -12.1984

.0600 .23921 .808 -.4916 .6116

-10.6533* .23921 .000 -11.2050 -10.1017 -12.8100* .23921 .000 -13.3616 -12.2584

-.0600 .23921 .808 -.6116 .4916

2.00 3.00 .00 2.00 3.00 .00 1.00 3.00 .00 1.00 2.00 (I) Jenis Alginat .00

1.00

2.00

3.00

Mean Difference

*.

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Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Residu Pb

LSD

-.2400* .07083 .010 -.4033 -.0767

.5567* .07083 .000 .3933 .7200

-.2800* .07083 .004 -.4433 -.1167

.2400* .07083 .010 .0767 .4033

.7967* .07083 .000 .6333 .9600

-.0400 .07083 .588 -.2033 .1233

-.5567* .07083 .000 -.7200 -.3933

-.7967* .07083 .000 -.9600 -.6333

-.8367* .07083 .000 -1.0000 -.6733

.2800* .07083 .004 .1167 .4433

.0400 .07083 .588 -.1233 .2033

.8367* .07083 .000 .6733 1.0000

2.00 3.00 .00 2.00 3.00 .00 1.00 3.00 .00 1.00 2.00 (I) Jenis Alginat .00

1.00

2.00

3.00

Mean Difference

*.

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Residu Arsen

LSD

-.3400* .05701 .000 -.4715 -.2085

.1367* .05701 .043 .0052 .2681

-.2600* .05701 .002 -.3915 -.1285

.3400* .05701 .000 .2085 .4715

.4767* .05701 .000 .3452 .6081

.0800 .05701 .198 -.0515 .2115

-.1367* .05701 .043 -.2681 -.0052

-.4767* .05701 .000 -.6081 -.3452

-.3967* .05701 .000 -.5281 -.2652

.2600* .05701 .002 .1285 .3915

-.0800 .05701 .198 -.2115 .0515

.3967* .05701 .000 .2652 .5281

2.00 3.00 .00 2.00 3.00 .00 1.00 3.00 .00 1.00 2.00 (I) Jenis Alginat .00

1.00

2.00

3.00

Mean Difference

*.

(9)

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Kadar Ca

LSD

.0533 .05897 .392 -.0827 .1893

.0733 .05897 .249 -.0627 .2093

.2400* .05897 .004 .1040 .3760

-.0533 .05897 .392 -.1893 .0827

.0200 .05897 .743 -.1160 .1560

.1867* .05897 .013 .0507 .3227

-.0733 .05897 .249 -.2093 .0627

-.0200 .05897 .743 -.1560 .1160

.1667* .05897 .022 .0307 .3027

-.2400* .05897 .004 -.3760 -.1040

-.1867* .05897 .013 -.3227 -.0507

-.1667* .05897 .022 -.3027 -.0307

2.00 3.00 .00 2.00 3.00 .00 1.00 3.00 .00 1.00 2.00 (I) Jenis Alginat .00

1.00

2.00

3.00

Mean Difference

*.

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: M/G

LSD

.2367* .07509 .014 .0635 .4098

-.4133* .07509 .001 -.5865 -.2402

-.1433 .07509 .093 -.3165 .0298

-.2367* .07509 .014 -.4098 -.0635

-.6500* .07509 .000 -.8232 -.4768

-.3800* .07509 .001 -.5532 -.2068

.4133* .07509 .001 .2402 .5865

.6500* .07509 .000 .4768 .8232

.2700* .07509 .007 .0968 .4432

.1433 .07509 .093 -.0298 .3165

.3800* .07509 .001 .2068 .5532

-.2700* .07509 .007 -.4432 -.0968

2.00 3.00 .00 2.00 3.00 .00 1.00 3.00 .00 1.00 2.00 (I) Jenis Alginat .00

1.00

2.00

3.00

Mean Difference

*.

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Lampiran 3. Statistik Pengaruh CaCO3 terhadap karakteristik gel alginat

Between-Subjects Factors

27 27 27 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1.00

2.00 3.00 jenis alginat

2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 konsentrasi

CaCO3

N

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: keteguhan gel

98881.105^a 26 3803.119 1999.270 .000

304754.295 1 304754.295 160206.9 .000

501.722 2 250.861 131.876 .000

96856.247 8 12107.031 6364.570 .000

1523.135 16 95.196 50.044 .000

102.722 54 1.902

403738.122 81

98983.826 80

Source

Corrected Model Intercept VAR00005 VAR00001

VAR00005 * VAR00001 Error

Total

Corrected Total

Type I Sum

of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

R Squared = .999 (Adjusted R Squared = .998) a.

Post Hoc Tests

keteguhan gel Duncan^a,b

27 59.4111 27 59.7515

27 64.8526

.369 1.000 jenis alginat

2.00 3.00 1.00 Sig.

N 1 2

Subset

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

Based on Type I Sum of Squares

The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 1.902.

Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 27.000.

a.

Alpha = .05.

b.

Keterangan: 1 = Sargassum sp. 2 = Turbinaria sp. 3 = Komersial Sigma

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jenis alginat * konsentrasi CaCO3 Dependent Variable: keteguhan gel

.000 .796 -1.596 1.596

-1.78E-15 .796 -1.596 1.596

60.540 .796 58.944 62.136

76.190 .796 74.594 77.786

81.970 .796 80.374 83.566

88.093 .796 86.497 89.690

89.800 .796 88.204 91.396

92.520 .796 90.924 94.116

94.560 .796 92.964 96.156

1.776E-15 .796 -1.596 1.596

40.820 .796 39.224 42.416

59.860 .796 58.264 61.456

72.110 .796 70.514 73.706

82.990 .796 81.394 84.586

90.140 .796 88.544 91.736

92.860 .796 91.264 94.456

95.920 .796 94.324 97.516

-1.42E-14 .796 -1.596 1.596

61.903 .796 60.307 63.500

71.777 .796 70.180 73.373

72.797 .796 71.200 74.393

80.270 .796 78.674 81.866

80.950 .796 79.354 82.546

83.670 .796 82.074 85.266

86.397 .796 84.800 87.993

konsentrasi CaCO3 2.50

5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 jenis alginat

1.00

2.00

3.00

Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound 95% Confidence Interval

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keteguhan gel Duncan^a,b

9 .0000

9 54.4211

9 69.2756

9 75.6256

9 83.7844

9 86.9633

9 89.6833

9 92.2922

1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 Sig.

N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Subset

a.

Alpha = .05.

b.

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: kekuatan gel

1237975.5^a 26 47614.442 490.490 .000

1369888.2 1 1369888.178 14111.603 .000

1405.342 2 702.671 7.238 .002

1192779.2 8 149097.400 1535.894 .000

43790.949 16 2736.934 28.194 .000

5242.067 54 97.075

2613105.7 81

1243217.6 80

Source

Total

Corrected Total

Type I Sum

(13)

jenis alginat * konsentrasi CaCO3 Dependent Variable: kekuatan gel

-9.95E-14 5.688 -11.405 11.405

-4.26E-14 5.688 -11.405 11.405

-2.84E-14 5.688 -11.405 11.405

53.367 5.688 41.962 64.771

77.000 5.688 65.595 88.405

151.333 5.688 139.929 162.738

223.800 5.688 212.395 235.205

289.533 5.688 278.129 300.938

349.500 5.688 338.095 360.905

-4.26E-14 5.688 -11.405 11.405

.000 5.688 -11.405 11.405

4.263E-14 5.688 -11.405 11.405

38.900 5.688 27.495 50.305

47.233 5.688 35.829 58.638

111.533 5.688 100.129 122.938

263.033 5.688 251.629 274.438

315.300 5.688 303.895 326.705

367.300 5.688 355.895 378.705

-5.68E-14 5.688 -11.405 11.405

.000 5.688 -11.405 11.405

39.267 5.688 27.862 50.671

104.333 5.688 92.929 115.738

130.467 5.688 119.062 141.871

172.500 5.688 161.095 183.905

228.900 5.688 217.495 240.305

266.400 5.688 254.995 277.805

281.567 5.688 270.162 292.971

5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 jenis alginat

1.00

2.00

3.00

kekuatan gel Duncan^a,b

27 127.0333 27 127.1704

27 135.9370

.959 1.000 jenis alginat

2.00 1.00 3.00 Sig.

N 1 2

Subset

a.

Alpha = .05.

b.

(14)

kekuatan gel Duncan^a,b

9 .0000

9 13.0889

9 65.5333

9 84.9000

9 145.1222

9 238.5778

9 290.4111

9 332.7889

1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 Sig.

N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Subset

a.

Alpha = .05.

b.

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: elastis

1927.660^a 26 74.141 261.872 .000

2707.930 1 2707.930 9564.653 .000

96.761 2 48.381 170.884 .000

1766.963 8 220.870 780.134 .000

63.936 16 3.996 14.114 .000

15.288 54 .283

4650.879 81

1942.948 80

Source

Total

Corrected Total

Type I Sum

(15)

jenis alginat * konsentrasi CaCO3 Dependent Variable: elastis

-1.33E-15 .307 -.616 .616

4.441E-16 .307 -.616 .616

1.832E-15 .307 -.616 .616

3.677 .307 3.061 4.293

4.733 .307 4.117 5.349

8.207 .307 7.591 8.823

9.760 .307 9.144 10.376

10.957 .307 10.341 11.573

11.557 .307 10.941 12.173

-4.44E-15 .307 -.616 .616

-2.22E-15 .307 -.616 .616

-1.80E-15 .307 -.616 .616

1.310 .307 .694 1.926

2.110 .307 1.494 2.726

6.070 .307 5.454 6.686

10.450 .307 9.834 11.066

11.000 .307 10.384 11.616

10.937 .307 10.321 11.553

.000 .307 -.616 .616

1.776E-15 .307 -.616 .616

2.313 .307 1.697 2.929

6.970 .307 6.354 7.586

8.107 .307 7.491 8.723

10.260 .307 9.644 10.876

11.610 .307 10.994 12.226

12.677 .307 12.061 13.293

13.410 .307 12.794 14.026

5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 jenis alginat

1.00

2.00

3.00

elastis Duncan^a,b

27 4.6530

27 5.4322

27 7.2607

1.000 1.000 1.000

jenis alginat 2.00 1.00 3.00 Sig.

N 1 2 3

Subset

The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .283.

a.

Alpha = .05.

b.

(16)

elastis Duncan^a,b

9 .0000

9 .7711

9 3.9856

9 4.9833

9 8.1789

9 10.6067

9 11.5444

9 11.9678

1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 .097

5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 Sig.

N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Subset

a.

Alpha = .05.

b.

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: mod rig

7567.160^a 26 291.045 446.760 .000

10665.840 1 10665.840 16372.291 .000

55.021 2 27.511 42.229 .000

7118.798 8 889.850 1365.938 .000

393.341 16 24.584 37.737 .000

35.179 54 .651

18268.179 81

7602.338 80

Source

Total

Corrected Total

Type I Sum

(17)

jenis alginat * konsentrasi CaCO3 Dependent Variable: mod rig

5.329E-15 .466 -.934 .934

-3.55E-15 .466 -.934 .934

-5.33E-15 .466 -.934 .934

6.550 .466 5.616 7.484

9.667 .466 8.732 10.601

14.683 .466 13.749 15.618

19.773 .466 18.839 20.708

23.727 .466 22.792 24.661

27.610 .466 26.676 28.544

1.066E-14 .466 -.934 .934

1.776E-15 .466 -.934 .934

5.329E-15 .466 -.934 .934

8.087 .466 7.152 9.021

11.380 .466 10.446 12.314

13.310 .466 12.376 14.244

22.270 .466 21.336 23.204

27.137 .466 26.202 28.071

30.743 .466 29.809 31.678

3.553E-15 .466 -.934 .934

-7.11E-15 .466 -.934 .934

3.643 .466 2.709 4.578

10.590 .466 9.656 11.524

12.367 .466 11.432 13.301

13.833 .466 12.899 14.768

17.097 .466 16.162 18.031

18.607 .466 17.672 19.541

18.753 .466 17.819 19.688

5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 jenis alginat

1.00

2.00

3.00

mod rig Duncan^a,b

27 10.5433

27 11.3344

27 12.5474

1.000 1.000 1.000

N 1 2 3

Subset

a.

Alpha = .05.

b.

(18)

mod rig Duncan^a,b

9 .0000

9 1.2144

9 8.4089

9 11.1378

9 13.9422

9 19.7133

9 23.1567

9 25.7022

1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 Sig.

N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Subset

a.

Alpha = .05.

b.

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: sineresis

922.910^a 26 35.497 97.244 .000

1783.345 1 1783.345 4885.539 .000

164.737 2 82.369 225.652 .000

663.106 8 82.888 227.075 .000

95.066 16 5.942 16.277 .000

19.711 54 .365

2725.966 81

942.621 80

Source

Total

Corrected Total

Type I Sum

(19)

jenis alginat * konsentrasi CaCO3 Dependent Variable: sineresis

.000 .349 -.699 .699

1.776E-15 .349 -.699 .699

4.962 .349 4.263 5.662

4.897 .349 4.197 5.596

5.667 .349 4.967 6.366

6.180 .349 5.481 6.879

7.950 .349 7.251 8.649

8.400 .349 7.701 9.099

8.523 .349 7.824 9.223

3.553E-15 .349 -.699 .699

4.100 .349 3.401 4.799

5.233 .349 4.534 5.933

5.683 .349 4.984 6.383

8.443 .349 7.744 9.143

10.170 .349 9.471 10.869

10.763 .349 10.064 11.463

10.923 .349 10.224 11.623

-8.88E-16 .349 -.699 .699

2.663 .349 1.964 3.363

3.053 .349 2.354 3.753

3.173 .349 2.474 3.873

3.447 .349 2.747 4.146

3.870 .349 3.171 4.569

3.997 .349 3.297 4.696

4.590 .349 3.891 5.289

5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 jenis alginat

1.00

2.00

3.00

sineresis Duncan^a,b

27 2.7548

27 5.1754

27 6.1463

1.000 1.000 1.000

N 1 2 3

Subset

a.

Alpha = .05.

b.

(20)

sineresis Duncan^a,b

9 .0000

9 3.9086

9 4.3944 4.3944

9 4.8411

9 6.0233

9 7.3300

9 7.7200 7.7200

9 8.0122

1.000 .094 .123 1.000 .177 .309

5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 Sig.

N 1 2 3 4 5 6

Subset

a.

Alpha = .05.

b.

(21)

Lampiran 4. Uji statistik pengaruh penambaha CaCO3 terhadap karakteristik Viskositas

4.1 Pengaruh penambaha CaCO3 terhadap peningkatan viskositas laruan alginat

ANOVA

159228.3 3 53076.111 660.014 .000

643.333 8 80.417

159871.7 11

39547.583 3 13182.528 249.119 .000

423.333 8 52.917

39970.917 11

Sargassum sp

Turbinaria sp

Sum of

Post Hoc Tests

Sargassum sp

3 102.6667

3 229.6667

3 274.0000

3 425.0000

1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

konsentrasi karbonat .00

2.50 3.50 4.50 Sig.

Duncan^a

N 1 2 3 4

Subset for alpha = .05

a.

Turbinaria sp

3 66.3333

3 102.0000

3 111.3333

3 220.0000

1.000 .155 1.000

2.50 3.50 4.50 Sig.

Duncan^a

N 1 2 3

a.

ANOVA Komersial Sigma

1141154 2 570577.000 1730.769 .000

1978.000 6 329.667

1143132 8

Sum of

(22)

Post Hoc Tests

Komersial Sigma

3 334.0000

3 617.0000

3 1190.0000

1.000 1.000 1.000

2.50 3.50 Sig.

Duncan^a

N 1 2 3

a.

4.2 Pengaruh penambahan CaCO3 terhadap stabilitas viskositas alginat

ANOVA Penurunan Viskositas

1596.271 5 319.254 210.198 .000

18.226 12 1.519

1614.497 17

Sum of

Post Hoc Tests

Penurunan Viskositas Duncan^a

3 52.6838

3 63.2326

3 71.7768

3 75.6095

3 77.3266

3 79.9090

1.000 1.000 1.000 .114 1.000

Perlakuan 4.00 2.00 6.00 5.00 1.00 3.00 Sig.

N 1 2 3 4 5

a.

Keterangan:

1 = Sargassum sp tanpa Ca, 2 = Sargassum sp dengan Ca, 3 = Turbinaria sp tanpa Ca, 4 = Turbinaria sp dengan Ca, 5 = Komersial Sigma tanpa Ca, 6 = Komersial Sigma dengan Ca