ABSTRACT. Genetic Relationship offour DwarfCoconut Populations Based on RAPD (Ram/QmA""lijkdPolymoT]Jhic DNA) SALEHA HANNUM

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ABSTRACT

Genetic Relationship of Four Dwarf Coconut

Populations Based on RAPD

(Ram/QmA""lijkd PolymoT]Jhic DNA)

SALEHA HANNUM

Under

the supervision ofALEX HARTANA and SUHARSONO

Genetic relationships among 4 dwarf coconut populations [Genjah Hijau

Jombang (Gill),

Geniah

Raja (GRA), Genjah Hijau Nias (GHN), Genjah Malabar

(GMB)]

bad

been

evaluated based

on RAPD markers.

Ten trees from each

coconut populations were chosen, and their leaf DNA's were amplified using

9 primers (selected from

35 random deeamer primers) in PCR thermed cycler

machine.

A total of 108 RAPD bands

were

recorded, and 83 of them were

polimorphic (77

%).

Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA)

was

applied to RAPD binary data

matrix

using Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate

System (NTSYS) version 1.8 computer program, showed dwarf coconut trees

were grouped within their populations. Genetic similarity of dwarf coconuts

within

GRA population

was

the most closely related compared to those within

other populations. Closely geographical distance of dwarf coconut origin did not

make their genetic ralationships closer. RAPD data did not support that the same

fruit nut color

bad

to have more genetically similar.

The

Principle Component

Analysis ofRAPD binary data matrix

showed

dwarf coconut populations grouped

in four different quadrants. OPB-08350 RAPD band could be used as a specific

genetic markers for GRA coconut populations. While OPA-082500,OPA-Q81250,

and OPC-QS550 RAPD band can be used to distinguish Gill or GMB from GRA

and GHN coconuts. OPA-13300 RAPD band had been identified and found only

in

GRA and GMB coconut populations.

Key words:

genetic relationship, dwarf coconut, molecular markers, RAPD,

genetic similarity.

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ABSTRAK

Hubungan Genetik Empat Populasi Kelapa Genjab Berdasarkao Penanda

RAPD

(RDndom

A»f11ifiet1

Polymorphic DNA)

SALEHA HANNUM

Di

bawah bimbingan ALEX HARTANA dan SUHARSONO

Evaluasi hubungan genetik telah diIa1rukan

pada

40 individu dari 4

populasi kelapa geniah,

yaitu

Genjah Hijau Jombang (GIll), Genjah Raja (GRA),

Genjah Hijau Nias (GHN), dan Genjah Malabar (GMB) menggunakan penanda

RAPD.

Dati 9 primer acak 10-mer

yang

digunakan (diseleksi dari 35 primer acak

decamer)

dihasilkan

108 pita dan 77

%

diantaranya

merupakan pita polimorfik.

Jumlah pita

berkisar

antara 7 dan 15 pita per primer

yang

berukuran

antara

250 -2500

pb,

Berdasarkan

analisis

data

biller dari pita RAPD dengan metode

UPGMA

(Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic) melalui program

NTSYS

(Numericai Taxonomy

and Multivariate System) versi 1.80, menunjukkan bahwa

individu pohon kelapa Genjah mengelompok kedalam populasinya

masing-masing.

Kemiripan genetik pohon kelapa di

daIam

populasi GRA relatif lebih

dekat dibandingkan di dalam populasi lainnya. Hubungan genetik kelapa antar

populasi GHN dan GMB relatif lebih dekat dibandingkan terhadap GID

atau

GRA

Kedekatan jarak geografi tempat asal populasi kelapa Genjah dan

kesamaan

wama

buah tidak menjamin kedekatan hubungan genetik

antar

populasi

kelapa Genjah berdasarkan penanda RAPD. Analisis komponen utama, berhasil

melacak pita

yang

berperan dalam mengelompokkan keempat populasi kelapa

Genjah.

Pita RAPD OPA-082500, OPA-08125o dan OPC-05550 dapat digunakan

untuk membedakan populasi kelapa GID atau GMB dari kelapa GRA dan GHN,

sedangkan pita OPA-13

30o

membedakan populasi kelapa GRA atau GMB dati

kelapa GID dan GHN. Pita RAPD OPB-08

350

dapat digunakan sebagai penanda

populasi kelapa GRA yang membedakannya dati ketiga populasi kelapa lainnya

Kata kunci :

hubungan genetik, kelapa geniah,

penanda

molekul, RAPD,

kemiripan

genetik,

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