ABSTRACT
Genetic Relationship of Four Dwarf Coconut
Populations Based on RAPD
(Ram/QmA""lijkd PolymoT]Jhic DNA)
SALEHA HANNUM
Under
the supervision ofALEX HARTANA and SUHARSONO
Genetic relationships among 4 dwarf coconut populations [Genjah Hijau
Jombang (Gill),
Geniah
Raja (GRA), Genjah Hijau Nias (GHN), Genjah Malabar
(GMB)]
bad
been
evaluated based
on RAPD markers.
Ten trees from each
coconut populations were chosen, and their leaf DNA's were amplified using
9 primers (selected from
35 random deeamer primers) in PCR thermed cycler
machine.
A total of 108 RAPD bands
were
recorded, and 83 of them were
polimorphic (77
%).
Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic (UPGMA)
was
applied to RAPD binary data
matrix
using Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate
System (NTSYS) version 1.8 computer program, showed dwarf coconut trees
were grouped within their populations. Genetic similarity of dwarf coconuts
within
GRA population
was
the most closely related compared to those within
other populations. Closely geographical distance of dwarf coconut origin did not
make their genetic ralationships closer. RAPD data did not support that the same
fruit nut color
bad
to have more genetically similar.
The
Principle Component
Analysis ofRAPD binary data matrix
showed
dwarf coconut populations grouped
in four different quadrants. OPB-08350 RAPD band could be used as a specific
genetic markers for GRA coconut populations. While OPA-082500,OPA-Q81250,
and OPC-QS550 RAPD band can be used to distinguish Gill or GMB from GRA
and GHN coconuts. OPA-13300 RAPD band had been identified and found only
in
GRA and GMB coconut populations.
Key words:
genetic relationship, dwarf coconut, molecular markers, RAPD,
genetic similarity.
ABSTRAK
Hubungan Genetik Empat Populasi Kelapa Genjab Berdasarkao Penanda
RAPD
(RDndom
A»f11ifiet1
Polymorphic DNA)
SALEHA HANNUM
Di
bawah bimbingan ALEX HARTANA dan SUHARSONO
Evaluasi hubungan genetik telah diIa1rukan
pada
40 individu dari 4
populasi kelapa geniah,
yaitu
Genjah Hijau Jombang (GIll), Genjah Raja (GRA),
Genjah Hijau Nias (GHN), dan Genjah Malabar (GMB) menggunakan penanda
RAPD.
Dati 9 primer acak 10-mer
yang
digunakan (diseleksi dari 35 primer acak
decamer)
dihasilkan
108 pita dan 77
%
diantaranya
merupakan pita polimorfik.
Jumlah pita
berkisar
antara 7 dan 15 pita per primer
yang
berukuran
antara
250
-2500
pb,
Berdasarkan
analisis
data
biller dari pita RAPD dengan metode
UPGMA
(Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic) melalui program
NTSYS
(Numericai Taxonomy
and Multivariate System) versi 1.80, menunjukkan bahwa
individu pohon kelapa Genjah mengelompok kedalam populasinya
masing-masing.
Kemiripan genetik pohon kelapa di
daIam
populasi GRA relatif lebih
dekat dibandingkan di dalam populasi lainnya. Hubungan genetik kelapa antar
populasi GHN dan GMB relatif lebih dekat dibandingkan terhadap GID
atau
GRA
Kedekatan jarak geografi tempat asal populasi kelapa Genjah dan
kesamaan
wama
buah tidak menjamin kedekatan hubungan genetik
antar
populasi
kelapa Genjah berdasarkan penanda RAPD. Analisis komponen utama, berhasil
melacak pita
yang
berperan dalam mengelompokkan keempat populasi kelapa
Genjah.
Pita RAPD OPA-082500, OPA-08125o dan OPC-05550 dapat digunakan
untuk membedakan populasi kelapa GID atau GMB dari kelapa GRA dan GHN,
sedangkan pita OPA-13
30omembedakan populasi kelapa GRA atau GMB dati
kelapa GID dan GHN. Pita RAPD OPB-08
350dapat digunakan sebagai penanda
populasi kelapa GRA yang membedakannya dati ketiga populasi kelapa lainnya
Kata kunci :
hubungan genetik, kelapa geniah,
penanda
molekul, RAPD,
kemiripan
genetik,
